Windows PowerShell command on Get-command wm

Manual Pages for UNIX Operating System command usage for man wm

Tk Built-In Commands wm(1T)

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NAME

wm - Communicate with window manager

SYNOPSIS

wm option window ?args?

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DESCRIPTION

The wm command is used to interact with window managers in

order to control such things as the title for a window, its geometry, or the increments in terms of which it may be

resized. The wm command can take any of a number of dif-

ferent forms, depending on the option argument. All of the forms expect at least one additional argument, window, which

must be the path name of a top-level window.

The legal forms for the wm command are:

wm aspect window ?minNumer minDenom maxNumer maxDenom?

If minNumer, minDenom, maxNumer, and maxDenom are all specified, then they will be passed to the window manager and the window manager should use them to enforce a range of acceptable aspect ratios for window.

The aspect ratio of window (width/length) will be con-

strained to lie between minNumer/minDenom and maxNumer/maxDenom. If minNumer etc. are all specified

as empty strings, then any existing aspect ratio res-

trictions are removed. If minNumer etc. are specified, then the command returns an empty string. Otherwise, it returns a Tcl list containing four elements, which are the current values of minNumer, minDenom, maxNumer, and maxDenom (if no aspect restrictions are in effect, then an empty string is returned). |

wm attributes window ||

wm attributes window ?option? ||

wm attributes window ?option value option value...? ||

This subcommand returns or sets platform specific | attributes associated with a window. The first form | returns a list of the platform specific flags and their | values. The second form returns the value for the | specific option. The third form sets one or more of the | values. The values are as follows: | On Windows, the following attributes may be set. |

-disabled ||

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Tk Built-In Commands wm(1T)

Specifies whether the window is in a disabled | state. |

-toolwin- |

dow || Specifies a toolwindow style window (as defined in | the MSDN). |

-top- |

most || Specifies whether this is a topmost window | (displays above all other windows). |

-alpha ||

Specifies the alpha transparency level of the | toplevel. It accepts a value from 0.0 (fully | transparent) to 1.0 (opaque). Values outside that | range will be constrained. This is supported on |

Windows 2000/XP+. Where not supported, the -alpha |

value remains at 1.0. |

-tran- |

sparentcolor || Specifies the transparent color index of the | toplevel. It takes any color value accepted by |

Tk_GetColor. If the empty string is specified |

(default), no transparent color is used. This is |

supported on Windows 2000/XP+. Where not sup- |

ported, the -transparentcolor value remains at {}. |

On Mac OS X, the following attributes may be set. |

-modi- |

fied || Specifies the modification state of the window |

(determines whether the window close widget con- |

tains the modification indicator and whether the | proxy icon is draggable). |

-titlepath ||

Specifies the path of the file referenced as the | window proxy icon (which can be dragged and | dropped in lieu of the file's finder icon). |

-alpha ||

Specifies the alpha transparency level of the win- |

dow. It accepts a value from 0.0 (fully tran- |

sparent) to 1.0 (opaque), values outside that | range will be constrained. |

-top- |

most || Tk Last change: 8.4 2

Tk Built-In Commands wm(1T)

Specifies whether this is a topmost window | (displays above all other windows). |

-tran- |

sparent || Makes the window content area transparent and | turns off the window shadow. For the transparency | to be effecive, the toplevel background needs to |

be set to a color with some alpha, e.g. "system- |

Transparent". |

-fullscreen ||

Places the window in a mode that takes up the | entire main screen and hides the dock and menu | bar. | On X11, there are currently no special attribute values.

wm client window ?name?

If name is specified, this command stores name (which should be the name of the host on which the application

is executing) in window's WM_CLIENT_MACHINE property

for use by the window manager or session manager. The command returns an empty string in this case. If name isn't specified, the command returns the last name set

in a wm client command for window. If name is speci-

fied as an empty string, the command deletes the

WM_CLIENT_MACHINE property from window.

wm colormapwindows window ?windowList?

This command is used to manipulate the

WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS property, which provides informa-

tion to the window managers about windows that have private colormaps. If windowList isn't specified, the command returns a list whose elements are the names of

the windows in the WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS property. If

windowList is specified, it consists of a list of win-

dow path names; the command overwrites the

WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS property with the given windows and

returns an empty string. The WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS pro-

perty should normally contain a list of the internal windows within window whose colormaps differ from their parents. The order of the windows in the property indicates a priority order: the window manager will attempt to install as many colormaps as possible from the head of this list when window gets the colormap focus. If window is not included among the windows in windowList, Tk implicitly adds it at the end of the

WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS property, so that its colormap is

lowest in priority. If wm colormapwindows is not

invoked, Tk will automatically set the property for

each top-level window to all the internal windows whose

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Tk Built-In Commands wm(1T)

colormaps differ from their parents, followed by the

top-level itself; the order of the internal windows is

undefined. See the ICCCM documentation for more infor-

mation on the WM_COLORMAP_WINDOWS property.

wm command window ?value?

If value is specified, this command stores value in

window's WM_COMMAND property for use by the window

manager or session manager and returns an empty string. Value must have proper list structure; the elements should contain the words of the command used to invoke the application. If value isn't specified then the

command returns the last value set in a wm command com-

mand for window. If value is specified as an empty

string, the command deletes the WM_COMMAND property

from window.

wm deiconify window

Arrange for window to be displayed in normal (non-

iconified) form. This is done by mapping the window. If the window has never been mapped then this command will not map the window, but it will ensure that when

the window is first mapped it will be displayed in de-

iconified form. On Windows, a deiconified window will also be raised and be given the focus (made the active window). Returns an empty string.

wm focusmodel window ?active|passive?

If active or passive is supplied as an optional argu-

ment to the command, then it specifies the focus model for window. In this case the command returns an empty string. If no additional argument is supplied, then the command returns the current focus model for window. An active focus model means that window will claim the input focus for itself or its descendants, even at

times when the focus is currently in some other appli-

cation. Passive means that window will never claim the focus for itself: the window manager should give the focus to window at appropriate times. However, once

the focus has been given to window or one of its des-

cendants, the application may re-assign the focus among

window's descendants. The focus model defaults to pas-

sive, and Tk's focus command assumes a passive model of focusing.

wm frame window

If window has been reparented by the window manager |

into a decorative frame, the command returns the plat- |

form specific window identifier for the outermost frame | that contains window (the window whose parent is the | root or virtual root). If window hasn't been | reparented by the window manager then the command | Tk Last change: 8.4 4

Tk Built-In Commands wm(1T)

returns the platform specific window identifier for | window.

wm geometry window ?newGeometry?

If newGeometry is specified, then the geometry of win-

dow is changed and an empty string is returned. Other-

wise the current geometry for window is returned (this is the most recent geometry specified either by manual

resizing or in a wm geometry command). NewGeometry has

the form =widthxheight+_x+_y, where any of =, widthx-

height, or +_x+_y may be omitted. Width and height are

positive integers specifying the desired dimensions of window. If window is gridded (see GRIDDED GEOMETRY MANAGEMENT below) then the dimensions are specified in grid units; otherwise they are specified in pixel units. X and y specify the desired location of window on the screen, in pixels. If x is preceded by +, it specifies the number of pixels between the left edge of the screen and the left edge of window's border; if

preceded by - then x specifies the number of pixels

between the right edge of the screen and the right edge of window's border. If y is preceded by + then it specifies the number of pixels between the top of the

screen and the top of window's border; if y is pre-

ceded by - then it specifies the number of pixels

between the bottom of window's border and the bottom of the screen. If newGeometry is specified as an empty

string then any existing user-specified geometry for

window is cancelled, and the window will revert to the size requested internally by its widgets.

wm grid window ?baseWidth baseHeight widthInc heightInc?

This command indicates that window is to be managed as a gridded window. It also specifies the relationship between grid units and pixel units. BaseWidth and

baseHeight specify the number of grid units correspond-

ing to the pixel dimensions requested internally by

window using Tk_GeometryRequest. WidthInc and

heightInc specify the number of pixels in each horizon-

tal and vertical grid unit. These four values deter-

mine a range of acceptable sizes for window,

corresponding to grid-based widths and heights that are

non-negative integers. Tk will pass this information

to the window manager; during manual resizing, the window manager will restrict the window's size to one of these acceptable sizes. Furthermore, during manual resizing the window manager will display the window's current size in terms of grid units rather than pixels. If baseWidth etc. are all specified as empty strings,

then window will no longer be managed as a gridded win-

dow. If baseWidth etc. are specified then the return value is an empty string. Otherwise the return value Tk Last change: 8.4 5

Tk Built-In Commands wm(1T)

is a Tcl list containing four elements corresponding to the current baseWidth, baseHeight, widthInc, and heightInc; if window is not currently gridded, then an empty string is returned. Note: this command should

not be needed very often, since the Tk_SetGrid library

procedure and the setGrid option provide easier access to the same functionality.

wm group window ?pathName?

If pathName is specified, it gives the path name for the leader of a group of related windows. The window manager may use this information, for example, to unmap all of the windows in a group when the group's leader is iconified. PathName may be specified as an empty string to remove window from any group association. If pathName is specified then the command returns an empty string; otherwise it returns the path name of window's current group leader, or an empty string if window isn't part of any group.

wm iconbitmap window ?bitmap?

If bitmap is specified, then it names a bitmap in the

standard forms accepted by Tk (see the Tk_GetBitmap

manual entry for details). This bitmap is passed to the window manager to be displayed in window's icon, and the command returns an empty string. If an empty string is specified for bitmap, then any current icon bitmap is cancelled for window. If bitmap is specified then the command returns an empty string. Otherwise it returns the name of the current icon bitmap associated with window, or an empty string if window has no icon bitmap. On the Windows operating system, an additional

flag is supported: wm iconbitmap window ?-default?

?image?. If the -default flag is given, the icon is

applied to all toplevel windows (existing and future) to which no other specific icon has yet been applied.

In addition to bitmap image types, a full path specifi-

cation to any file which contains a valid Windows icon is also accepted (usually .ico or .icr files), or any file for which the shell has assigned an icon. Tcl will first test if the file contains an icon, then if it has an assigned icon, and finally, if that fails, test for a bitmap.

wm iconify window

Arrange for window to be iconified. It window hasn't yet been mapped for the first time, this command will arrange for it to appear in the iconified state when it is eventually mapped.

wm iconmask window ?bitmap?

If bitmap is specified, then it names a bitmap in the Tk Last change: 8.4 6

Tk Built-In Commands wm(1T)

standard forms accepted by Tk (see the Tk_GetBitmap

manual entry for details). This bitmap is passed to the window manager to be used as a mask in conjunction with the iconbitmap option: where the mask has zeroes no icon will be displayed; where it has ones, the bits from the icon bitmap will be displayed. If an empty string is specified for bitmap then any current icon mask is cancelled for window (this is equivalent to

specifying a bitmap of all ones). If bitmap is speci-

fied then the command returns an empty string. Other-

wise it returns the name of the current icon mask asso-

ciated with window, or an empty string if no mask is in effect.

wm iconname window ?newName?

If newName is specified, then it is passed to the win-

dow manager; the window manager should display newName inside the icon associated with window. In this case an empty string is returned as result. If newName isn't specified then the command returns the current icon name for window, or an empty string if no icon name has been specified (in this case the window manager will normally display the window's title, as

specified with the wm title command).

wm iconposition window ?x y?

If x and y are specified, they are passed to the window manager as a hint about where to position the icon for window. In this case an empty string is returned. If

x and y are specified as empty strings then any exist-

ing icon position hint is cancelled. If neither x nor y is specified, then the command returns a Tcl list

containing two values, which are the current icon posi-

tion hints (if no hints are in effect then an empty string is returned).

wm iconwindow window ?pathName?

If pathName is specified, it is the path name for a

window to use as icon for window: when window is iconi-

fied then pathName will be mapped to serve as icon, and

when window is de-iconified then pathName will be

unmapped again. If pathName is specified as an empty string then any existing icon window association for window will be cancelled. If the pathName argument is specified then an empty string is returned. Otherwise the command returns the path name of the current icon window for window, or an empty string if there is no icon window currently specified for window. Button press events are disabled for window as long as it is

an icon window; this is needed in order to allow win-

dow managers to ``own'' those events. Note: not all window managers support the notion of an icon window. Tk Last change: 8.4 7

Tk Built-In Commands wm(1T)

wm maxsize window ?width height?

If width and height are specified, they give the max-

imum permissible dimensions for window. For gridded windows the dimensions are specified in grid units;

otherwise they are specified in pixel units. The win-

dow manager will restrict the window's dimensions to be less than or equal to width and height. If width and height are specified, then the command returns an empty

string. Otherwise it returns a Tcl list with two ele-

ments, which are the maximum width and height currently in effect. The maximum size defaults to the size of the screen. See the sections on geometry management below for more information.

wm minsize window ?width height?

If width and height are specified, they give the minimum permissible dimensions for window. For gridded windows the dimensions are specified in grid units;

otherwise they are specified in pixel units. The win-

dow manager will restrict the window's dimensions to be greater than or equal to width and height. If width and height are specified, then the command returns an empty string. Otherwise it returns a Tcl list with two elements, which are the minimum width and height currently in effect. The minimum size defaults to one pixel in each dimension. See the sections on geometry management below for more information.

wm overrideredirect window ?boolean?

If boolean is specified, it must have a proper boolean

form and the override-redirect flag for window is set

to that value. If boolean is not specified then 1 or 0

is returned to indicate whether or not the override-

redirect flag is currently set for window. Setting the

override-redirect flag for a window causes it to be

ignored by the window manager; among other things, this means that the window will not be reparented from the root window into a decorative frame and the user will not be able to manipulate the window using the normal window manager mechanisms.

wm positionfrom window ?who?

If who is specified, it must be either program or user, or an abbreviation of one of these two. It indicates whether window's current position was requested by the program or by the user. Many window managers ignore

program-requested initial positions and ask the user to

manually position the window; if user is specified then the window manager should position the window at the given place without asking the user for assistance. If who is specified as an empty string, then the current position source is cancelled. If who is Tk Last change: 8.4 8

Tk Built-In Commands wm(1T)

specified, then the command returns an empty string. Otherwise it returns user or program to indicate the source of the window's current position, or an empty

string if no source has been specified yet. Most win-

dow managers interpret ``no source'' as equivalent to program. Tk will automatically set the position source

to user when a wm geometry command is invoked, unless

the source has been set explicitly to program.

wm protocol window ?name? ?command?

This command is used to manage window manager protocols

such as WM_DELETE_WINDOW. Name is the name of an atom

corresponding to a window manager protocol, such as

WM_DELETE_WINDOW or WM_SAVE_YOURSELF or WM_TAKE_FOCUS.

If both name and command are specified, then command is associated with the protocol specified by name. Name

will be added to window's WM_PROTOCOLS property to tell

the window manager that the application has a protocol handler for name, and command will be invoked in the future whenever the window manager sends a message to the client for that protocol. In this case the command

returns an empty string. If name is specified but com-

mand isn't, then the current command for name is returned, or an empty string if there is no handler defined for name. If command is specified as an empty string then the current handler for name is deleted and

it is removed from the WM_PROTOCOLS property on window;

an empty string is returned. Lastly, if neither name nor command is specified, the command returns a list of all the protocols for which handlers are currently defined for window. Tk always defines a protocol handler for

WM_DELETE_WINDOW, even if you haven't asked for one

with wm protocol. If a WM_DELETE_WINDOW message

arrives when you haven't defined a handler, then Tk handles the message by destroying the window for which it was received.

wm resizable window ?width height?

This command controls whether or not the user may

interactively resize a top-level window. If width and

height are specified, they are boolean values that determine whether the width and height of window may be modified by the user. In this case the command returns an empty string. If width and height are omitted then the command returns a list with two 0/1 elements that indicate whether the width and height of window are currently resizable. By default, windows are resizable in both dimensions. If resizing is disabled, then the window's size will be the size from the most recent

interactive resize or wm geometry command. If there

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Tk Built-In Commands wm(1T)

has been no such operation then the window's natural size will be used.

wm sizefrom window ?who?

If who is specified, it must be either program or user, or an abbreviation of one of these two. It indicates

whether window's current size was requested by the pro-

gram or by the user. Some window managers ignore

program-requested sizes and ask the user to manually

size the window; if user is specified then the window manager should give the window its specified size without asking the user for assistance. If who is specified as an empty string, then the current size source is cancelled. If who is specified, then the command returns an empty string. Otherwise it returns user or window to indicate the source of the window's current size, or an empty string if no source has been specified yet. Most window managers interpret ``no source'' as equivalent to program.

wm stackorder window ?isabove|isbelow window?

The stackorder command returns a list of toplevel win-

dows in stacking order, from lowest to highest. When a single toplevel window is passed, the returned list recursively includes all of the window's children that are toplevels. Only those toplevels that are currently

mapped to the screen are returned. The stackorder com-

mand can also be used to determine if one toplevel is positioned above or below a second toplevel. When two window arguments separated by either isabove or isbelow are passed, a boolean result indicates whether or not the first window is currently above or below the second window in the stacking order.

wm state window ?newstate?

If newstate is specified, the window will be set to the new state, otherwise it returns the current state of window: either normal, iconic, withdrawn, icon, or (Windows and Mac OS X only) zoomed. The difference

between iconic and icon is that iconic refers to a win-

dow that has been iconified (e.g., with the wm iconify

command) while icon refers to a window whose only pur-

pose is to serve as the icon for some other window (via

the wm iconwindow command). The icon state cannot be

set.

wm title window ?string?

If string is specified, then it will be passed to the window manager for use as the title for window (the window manager should display this string in window's title bar). In this case the command returns an empty string. If string isn't specified then the command Tk Last change: 8.4 10

Tk Built-In Commands wm(1T)

returns the current title for the window. The title for a window defaults to its name.

wm transient window ?master?

If master is specified, then the window manager is

informed that window is a transient window (e.g. pull-

down menu) working on behalf of master (where master is

the path name for a top-level window). If master is

specified as an empty string then window is marked as not being a transient window any more. Otherwise the

command returns the path name of window's current mas-

ter, or an empty string if window isn't currently a transient window. A transient window will mirror state

changes in the master and inherit the state of the mas-

ter when initially mapped. It is an error to attempt to make a window a transient of itself.

wm withdraw window

Arranges for window to be withdrawn from the screen. This causes the window to be unmapped and forgotten about by the window manager. If the window has never been mapped, then this command causes the window to be mapped in the withdrawn state. Not all window managers appear to know how to handle windows that are mapped in the withdrawn state. Note: it sometimes seems to be

necessary to withdraw a window and then re-map it (e.g.

with wm deiconify) to get some window managers to pay

attention to changes in window attributes such as group. GEOMETRY MANAGEMENT

By default a top-level window appears on the screen in its

natural size, which is the one determined internally by its widgets and geometry managers. If the natural size of a

top-level window changes, then the window's size changes to

match. A top-level window can be given a size other than

its natural size in two ways. First, the user can resize the window manually using the facilities of the window manager, such as resize handles. Second, the application

can request a particular size for a top-level window using

the wm geometry command. These two cases are handled ident-

ically by Tk; in either case, the requested size overrides the natural size. You can return the window to its natural

by invoking wm geometry with an empty geometry string.

Normally a top-level window can have any size from one pixel

in each dimension up to the size of its screen. However,

you can use the wm minsize and wm maxsize commands to limit

the range of allowable sizes. The range set by wm minsize

and wm maxsize applies to all forms of resizing, including

the window's natural size as well as manual resizes and the

wm geometry command. You can also use the command wm

Tk Last change: 8.4 11

Tk Built-In Commands wm(1T)

resizable to completely disable interactive resizing in one or both dimensions. GRIDDED GEOMETRY MANAGEMENT Gridded geometry management occurs when one of the widgets of an application supports a range of useful sizes. This occurs, for example, in a text editor where the scrollbars, menus, and other adornments are fixed in size but the edit widget can support any number of lines of text or characters per line. In this case, it is usually desirable to let the

user specify the number of lines or characters-per-line,

either with the wm geometry command or by interactively

resizing the window. In the case of text, and in other interesting cases also, only discrete sizes of the window make sense, such as integral numbers of lines and

characters-per-line; arbitrary pixel sizes are not useful.

Gridded geometry management provides support for this kind of application. Tk (and the window manager) assume that there is a grid of some sort within the application and that the application should be resized in terms of grid units

rather than pixels. Gridded geometry management is typi-

cally invoked by turning on the setGrid option for a widget;

it can also be invoked with the wm grid command or by cal-

ling Tk_SetGrid. In each of these approaches the particular

widget (or sometimes code in the application as a whole) specifies the relationship between integral grid sizes for

the window and pixel sizes. To return to non-gridded

geometry management, invoke wm grid with empty argument

strings. When gridded geometry management is enabled then all the

dimensions specified in wm minsize, wm maxsize, and wm

geometry commands are treated as grid units rather than pixel units. Interactive resizing is also carried out in even numbers of grid units rather than pixels.

BUGS

Most existing window managers appear to have bugs that

affect the operation of the wm command. For example, some

changes won't take effect if the window is already active:

the window will have to be withdrawn and de-iconified in

order to make the change happen.

EXAMPLES

A fixed-size window that says that it is fixed-size too:

toplevel .fixed

wm title .fixed "Fixed-size Window"

wm resizable .fixed 0 0

A simple dialog-like window, centred on the screen:

# Create and arrange the dialog contents.

Tk Last change: 8.4 12

Tk Built-In Commands wm(1T)

toplevel .msg

label .msg.l -text "This is a very simple dialog demo."

button .msg.ok -text OK -default active -command {destroy .msg}

pack .msg.ok -side bottom -fill x

pack .msg.l -expand 1 -fill both

# Now set the widget up as a centred dialog.

# But first, we need the geometry managers to finish setting

# up the interior of the dialog, for which we need to run the

# event loop with the widget hidden completely...

wm withdraw .msg

update

set x [expr {([winfo screenwidth .]-[winfo width .msg])/2}]

set y [expr {([winfo screenheight .]-[winfo height .msg])/2}]

wm geometry .msg +$x+$y

wm transient .msg .

wm title .msg "Dialog demo"

wm deiconify .msg

ATTRIBUTES

See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-

butes:

_______________________________________

| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE|

|____________________|__________________|_

| Availability | runtime/tk-8 |

|____________________|__________________|_

| Interface Stability| Uncommitted |

|____________________|_________________|

NOTES Source for Tk is available on http://opensolaris.org. Tk Last change: 8.4 13