Windows PowerShell command on Get-command top

Manual Pages for UNIX Operating System command usage for man top

User Commands TOP(1)

NAME

top - display and update information about the top cpu

processes

SYNOPSIS

top [ -CISTabcinqtuv ] [ -dcount ] [ -mmode ] [ -ofield ] [

-stime ] [ -Uusername ] [ number ]

DESCRIPTION

Top displays the top 30 processes on the system and periodi-

cally updates this information. Raw cpu percentage is used

to rank the processes. If number is given, then the top

number processes will be displayed instead of the default. Top makes a distinction between terminals that support

advanced capabilities and those that do not. This distinc-

tion affects the choice of defaults for certain options. In the remainder of this document, an "intelligent" terminal is one that supports cursor addressing, clear screen, and clear to end of line. Conversely, a "dumb" terminal is one that

does not support such features. If the output of top is

redirected to a file, it acts as if it were being run on a dumb terminal. OPTIONS

-C, --color

Turn off the use of color in the display.

-I, --idle-procs

Do not display idle processes. By default, top

displays both active and idle processes.

-S, --system-procs

Show system processes in the display. Normally, system processes such as the pager and the swapper are not shown. This option makes them visible.

-T, --tag-names

List all available color tags and the current set of tests used for color highlighting, then exit.

-a, --all

Show all processes for as long as possible. This is

shorthand for "-d all all". This option is especially

handy in batch mode.

-b, -n, --batch

Use "batch" mode. In this mode, all input from the terminal is ignored. Interrupt characters (such as ^C and ^\) still have an effect. This is the default on a dumb terminal, or when the output is not a terminal. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Local 1 User Commands TOP(1)

-c, --full-commands

Show the full command line for each process. Default is

to show just the command name. This option is not sup-

ported on all platforms.

-i, --interactive

Use "interactive" mode. In this mode, any input is immediately read for processing. See the section on "Interactive Mode" for an explanation of which keys

perform what functions. After the command is pro-

cessed, the screen will immediately be updated, even if the command was not understood. This mode is the

default when standard output is an intelligent termi-

nal.

-q, --quick

Renice top to -20 so that it will run faster. This can

be used when the system is being very sluggish to improve the possibility of discovering the problem. This option can only be used by root.

-t, --threads

Show individual threads on separate lines. By default, on systems which support threading, each process is shown with a count of the number of threads. This option shows each thread on a separate line. This option is not supported on all platforms.

-u, --uids

Do not take the time to map uid numbers to usernames.

Normally, top will read as much of the file

"/etc/passwd" as is necessary to map all the user id numbers it encounters into login names. This option disables all that, while possibly decreasing execution time. The uid numbers are displayed instead of the names.

-v, --version

Write version number information to stderr then exit immediately. No other processing takes place when this option is used. To see current revision information

while top is running, use the help command "?".

-d count, --displays count

Show only count displays, then exit. A display is con-

sidered to be one update of the screen. This option allows the user to select the number of displays he

wants to see before top automatically exits. Any

proper prefix of the words "infinity", "maximum", or "all" can be used to indicate an infinite number of displays. The default for intelligent terminals is infinity. The default for dumb terminals is 1. 2 Last change: Local SunOS 5.10 User Commands TOP(1)

-m mode, --mode=mode

Start the display in an alternate mode. Some platforms support multiple process displays to show additional

process information. The value mode is a number indi-

cating which mode to display. The default is 0. On platforms that do not have multiple display modes this option has no effect.

-o field, --sort-order=field

Sort the process display area on the specified field. The field name is the name of the column as seen in the output, but in lower case. Likely values are "cpu", "size", "res", and "time", but may vary on different operating systems. Note that not all operating systems support this option.

-s time, --delay=time

Set the delay between screen updates to time seconds. The default delay between updates is 5 seconds.

-U username, --user=username

Show only those processes owned by username. This option currently only accepts usernames and will not understand uid numbers. Both count and number fields can be specified as "infinite", indicating that they can stretch as far as possible. This is accomplished by using any proper prefix of the keywords "infinity", "maximum", or "all". The default for count on an intelligent terminal is, in fact, infinity. The environment variable TOP is examined for options before the command line is scanned. This enables a user to set his or her own defaults. The number of processes to display can also be specified in the environment variable TOP. The

options -C, -I, -S, and -u are actually toggles. A second

specification of any of these options will negate the first.

Thus a user who has the environment variable TOP set to "-I"

may use the command "top -I" to see idle processes.

INTERACTIVE MODE

When top is running in "interactive mode", it reads commands

from the terminal and acts upon them accordingly. In this mode, the terminal is put in "CBREAK", so that a character will be processed as soon as it is typed. Almost always, a

key will be pressed when top is between displays; that is,

while it is waiting for time seconds to elapse. If this is the case, the command will be processed and the display will be updated immediately thereafter (reflecting any changes that the command may have specified). This happens even if

the command was incorrect. If a key is pressed while top is

in the middle of updating the display, it will finish the SunOS 5.10 Last change: Local 3 User Commands TOP(1) update and then process the command. Some commands require additional information, and the user will be prompted accordingly. While typing this information in, the user's erase and kill keys (as set up by the command stty) are recognized, and a newline terminates the input. Note that a

control-L (^L) always redraws the current screen and a space

forces an immediate update to the screen using new data. These commands are currently recognized: h or ?

Display a summary of the commands (help screen). Ver-

sion information is included in this display. C Toggle the use of color in the display.

c Display only processes whose commands match the speci-

fied string. An empty string will display all

processes. This command is not supported on all plat-

forms. d Change the number of displays to show (prompt for new number). Remember that the next display counts as one,

so typing d1 will make top show one final display and

then immediately exit. f Toggle the display of the full command line. H Toggle the display of threads on separate lines. By

default, on systems which support threading, each pro-

cess is shown with a count of the number of threads. This command shows each thread on a separate line. This command is not supported on all platforms. i (or I) Toggle the display of idle processes. k Send a signal ("kill" by default) to a list of processes. This acts similarly to the command kill(1)). M Sort display by memory usage. Shorthand for "o size".

m Change to a different process display mode. Some sys-

tems provide multiple display modes for the process

display which shows different information. This com-

mand toggles between the available modes. This command is not supported on all platforms. N Sort by process id. Shorthand for "o pid".

n or #

Change the number of processes to display (prompt for 4 Last change: Local SunOS 5.10 User Commands TOP(1) new number). o Change the order in which the display is sorted. This command is not available on all systems. The sort key names vary fron system to system but usually include: "cpu", "res", "size", "time". The default is cpu. P Sort by CPU usage. Shorthand for "o cpu".

q Quit top.

r Change the priority (the "nice") of a list of

processes. This acts similarly to the command ren-

ice(8)). s Change the number of seconds to delay between displays (prompt for new number). T Sort by CPU time. Shorthand for "o time". U Toggle between displaying usernames and uids. u Display only processes owned by a specific username (prompt for username). If the username specified is simply "+", then processes belonging to all users will be displayed. THE DISPLAY The actual display varies depending on the specific variant of Unix that the machine is running. This description may

not exactly match what is seen by top running on this par-

ticular machine. Differences are listed at the end of this manual entry.

The top lines of the display show general information about

the state of the system. The first line shows (on some sys-

tems) the last process id assigned to a process, the three load averages, the system uptime, and the current time. The second line displays the total number of processes followed by a breakdown of processes per state. Examples of states common to Unix systems are sleeping, running, starting,

stopped, and zombie. The next line displays a percentage of

time spent in each of the processor states (typically user, nice, system, idle, and iowait). These percentages show the processor activity during the time since the last update.

For multi-processor systems, this information is a summation

of time across all processors. The next line shows kernel-

related activity (not available on all systems). The

numbers shown on this line are per-second rates sampled

since the last update. The exact information displayed varies between systems, but some examples are: context switches, interrupts, traps, forks, and page faults. The SunOS 5.10 Last change: Local 5 User Commands TOP(1) last one or two lines show a summary of memory and swap activity. These lines vary between systems.

The remainder of the screen displays information about indi-

vidual processes. This display is similar in spirit to ps(1) but it is not exactly the same. The columns displayed

by top will differ slightly between operating systems. Gen-

erally, the following fields are displayed: PID The process id.

USERNAME

Username of the process's owner (if -u is specified, a

UID column will be substituted for USERNAME).

THR The number of threads in the processes (this column may also be labeled NLWP). PRI Current priority of the process.

NICE Nice amount in the range -20 to 20, as established by

the use of the command nice. SIZE Total size of the process (text, data, and stack) given in kilobytes. RES Resident memory: current amount of process memory that resides in physical memory, given in kilobytes. STATE Current state (typically one of "sleep", "run", "idl",

"zomb", or "stop").

TIME Number of system and user cpu seconds that the process has used. CPU Percentage of available cpu time used by this process. COMMAND

Name of the command that the process is currently run-

ning. COLOR Top supports the use of ANSI color in its output. By default, color is available but not used. The environment variable TOPCOLORS specifies colors to use and conditions for which they should be used. At the present time, only numbers in the summay display area can be colored. In a future version it will be possible to highlight numbers in the process display area as well. The environment variable is the only way to specify color: there is no equivalent command line option. Note that the environment variable 6 Last change: Local SunOS 5.10 User Commands TOP(1) TOPCOLOURS is also understood. The British spelling takes precedence. The use of color only works on terminals that understand and process ANSI color escape sequences.

The environment variable is a sequence of color specifica-

tions, separated by colons. Each specification takes the

form tag=min,max#code where tag is the name of the value to

check, min and max specify a range for the value, and code is an ANSI color code. Multiple color codes can be listed

and separated with semi-colons. A missing min implies the

lowest possible value (usually 0) and a missing max implies infinity. The comma must always be present. When specifying numbers for load averages, they should be multiplied by 100.

For example, the specification 1min=500,1000#31 indicates

that a 1 minute load average between 5 and 10 should be displayed in red. Color attributes can be combined. For

example, the specification 5min=1000,#37;41 indicates that a

5 minute load average higher than 10 should be displayed with white characters on a red background. A special tag named header is used to control the color of the header for process display. It should be specified with no lower and

upper limits, specifically header=,# followed by the ANSI

color code.

You can see a list of color codes recognized by this instal-

lation of top with the -T option. This will also show the

current set of tests used for color highligting, as speci-

fied in the environment. AUTHOR William LeFebvre ENVIRONMENT

TOP user-configurable defaults for options.

TOPCOLORS color specification

BUGS

As with ps(1), things can change while top is collecting

information for an update. The picture it gives is only a close approximation to reality.

Unlike previous versions of top, the swap figures will

differ from the summary output of swap(1M) since the latter includes physical memory as well. The column NLWP indicates the number of lightweight processes in a process. This usually corresponds to the number of threads in that process. The display of individual threads can be toggled with the synonymous commands t and H. Information about state,

priority, CPU time and percent CPU are shown for each indi-

vidual thread. Other information is identical for all threads in the same process. In this display the column LWP replaces NLWP and shows the lightweight process id. The column names LWP and NLWP are consistent with ps(1). 8 Last change: Local SunOS 5.10 User Commands TOP(1) In BSD Unix, process priority was represented internally as a signed offset from a zero value with an unsigned value. The "zero" value was usually something like 20, allowing for

a range of priorities from -20 to 20. As implemented on

SunOS 5, older versions of top continued to interpret pro-

cess priority in this manner, even though it was no longer

correct. Starting with top version 3.5, this was changed to

agree with the rest of the system. Long options are not currently available in Solaris. The SunOS 5 (Solaris 2) port was originally written by

Torsten Kasch, . Many

contributions have been provided by Casper Dik

. Support for multi-cpu, calculation of

CPU% and memory stats provided by Robert Boucher

, Marc Cohen , Charles Hedrick , and William L. Jones . COPYRIGHT

licensing information, see http://www.unixtop.org/license/

ATTRIBUTES

See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-

butes:

_______________________________________

| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE|

|____________________|__________________|_

| Availability | diagnostic/top |