Manual Pages for UNIX Operating System command usage for man tail

User Commands                                             TAIL(1)



NAME
     tail - output the last part of files

SYNOPSIS
     tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION
     Print the last 10 lines of each  FILE  to  standard  output.
     With  more  than one FILE, precede each with a header giving
     the file name.  With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read  stan-
     dard input.

     Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for  short
     options too.

     -c, --bytes=K
          output the last K bytes; alternatively, use  -c  +K  to
          output bytes starting with the Kth of each file

     -f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
          output appended data as the file grows;  -f,  --follow,
          and --follow=descriptor are equivalent

     -F   same as --follow=name --retry

     -n, --lines=K
          output the last K lines, instead of the last 10; or use
          -n +K to output lines starting with the Kth

     --max-unchanged-stats=N
          with --follow=name, reopen a FILE which has not changed
          size  after  N  (default 5) iterations to see if it has
          been unlinked or renamed (this is  the  usual  case  of
          rotated log files)

     --pid=PID
          with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies

     -q, --quiet, --silent
          never output headers giving file names

     --retry
          keep trying to open a file even when it is  or  becomes
          inaccessible; useful when following by name, i.e., with
          --follow=name

     -s, --sleep-interval=N
          with -f, sleep for  approximately  N  seconds  (default
          1.0) between iterations

     -v, --verbose
          always output headers giving file names



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User Commands                                             TAIL(1)



     --help
          display this help and exit

     --version
          output version information and exit

     If the first character of K (the number of bytes  or  lines)
     is  a  `+', print beginning with the Kth item from the start
     of each file, otherwise, print the last K items in the file.
     K  may have a multiplier suffix:  b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB
     1000*1000, M 1024*1024, GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024,
     and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.

     With --follow (-f), tail  defaults  to  following  the  file
     descriptor,  which  means  that  even  if  a tail'ed file is
     renamed, tail will continue to track its end.  This  default
     behavior  is not desirable when you really want to track the
     actual name of the file, not the file descriptor (e.g.,  log
     rotation).   Use  --follow=name  in  that case.  That causes
     tail to track the named file  in  a  way  that  accommodates
     renaming, removal and creation.

AUTHOR
     Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie,  Ian  Lance  Taylor,
     and Jim Meyering.

REPORTING BUGS
     Report tail bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org
     GNU             coreutils             home             page:
     
     General        help        using        GNU        software:
     
     Report        tail        translation        bugs         to
     

COPYRIGHT
     Copyright cO 2010 Free  Software  Foundation,  Inc.   License
     GPLv3+:      GNU      GPL     version     3     or     later
     .
     This is free software: you are free to change and  redistri-
     bute  it.   There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
     law.

SEE ALSO
     The full documentation for tail is maintained as  a  Texinfo
     manual.    If  the  info  and  tail  programs  are  properly
     installed at your site, the command

          info coreutils tail invocation

     should give you access to the complete manual.




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User Commands                                             TAIL(1)



ATTRIBUTES
     See attributes(5) for descriptions of the  following  attri-
     butes:

     ___________________________________________
    |   ATTRIBUTE TYPE   |    ATTRIBUTE VALUE  |
    |____________________|______________________|_
    | Availability       |  file/gnu-coreutils |
    |____________________|______________________|_
    | Interface Stability|  Uncommitted        |
    |____________________|_____________________|

NOTES
     Source    for    GNU    coreutils    is     available     on
     http://opensolaris.org.








































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