Devices sd(7D)
NAME
sd - SCSI disk and ATAPI/SCSI CD-ROM device driver
SYNOPSIS
sd@target,lun:partition
DESCRIPTION
To open a device without checking if the vtoc is valid, use
the O_NDELAY flag. When the device is opened using O_NDELAY,
the first read or write to the device that happens after the
open results in the label being read if the label is not
currently valid. Once read, the label remains valid until
the last close of the device. Except for reading the label,
O_NDELAY has no impact on the driver.
SPARC
The sd SCSI and SCSI/ATAPI driver supports embedded SCSI-2
and CCS-compatible SCSI disk and CD-ROM drives, ATAPI 2.6
(SFF-8020i)-compliant CD-ROM drives, SFF-8090-compliant
SCSI/ATAPI DVD-ROM drives, IOMEGA SCSI/ATAPI ZIP drives,
SCSI JAZ drives, and USB mass storage devices (refer to
scsa2usb(7D)).
To determine the disk drive type, use the SCSI/ATAPI inquiry
command and read the volume label stored on block 0 of the
drive. (The volume label describes the disk geometry and
partitioning and must be present for the disk to be mounted
by the system.) A volume label is not required for remov-
able, re-writable or read-only media.
x86 Only
The sddriver supports embedded SCSI-2 and CCS-compatible
SCSI disk and CD-ROM drives, ATAPI 2.6 (SFF-8020i)-compliant
CD-ROM drives, SFF-8090-compliant SCSI/ATAPI DVD-ROM drives,
IOMEGA SCSI/ATAPI ZIP drives, and SCSI JAZ drives.
The x86 BIOS legacy requires a master boot record (MBR) and
fdisk table in the first physical sector of the bootable
media. If the x86 hard disk contains a Solaris disk label,
it is located in the second 512-byte sector of the FDISK
partition.
DEVICE SPECIAL FILES
Block-files access the disk using normal buffering mechanism
and are read-from and written-to without regard to physical
disk records. A raw interface enables direct transmission
between the disk and the user's read or write buffer. A sin-
gle read or write call usually results in a single I/O
operation, therefore raw I/O is more efficient when many
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Devices sd(7D)
bytes are transmitted. Block files names are found in
/dev/dsk; raw file names are found in /dev/rdsk.
I/O requests to the raw device must be aligned on a 512-byte
(DEV_BSIZE) boundary and all I/O request lengths must be in
multiples of 512 bytes. Requests that do not meet these
requirements will trigger an EINVAL error. There are no
alignment or length restrictions on I/O requests to the
block device.
CD-ROM DRIVE SUPPORT
A CD-ROM disk is single-sided and contains approximately 640
megabytes of data or 74 minutes of audio. When the CD-ROM is
opened, the eject button is disabled to prevent manual remo-
val of the disk until the last close() is called. No volume
label is required for a CD-ROM. The disk geometry and parti-
tioning information are constant and never change. If the
CD-ROM contains data recorded in a Solaris-aware file system
format, it can be mounted using the appropriate Solaris file
system support.
DVD-ROM DRIVE SUPPORT
DVD-ROM media can be single or double-sided and can be
recorded upon using a single or double layer structure.
Double-layer media provides parallel or opposite track
paths. A DVD-ROM can hold from between 4.5 Gbytes and 17
Gbytes of data, depending on the layer structure used for
recording and if the DVD-ROM is single or double-sided.
When the DVD-ROM is opened, the eject button is disabled to
prevent the manual removal of a disk until the last close()
is called. No volume label is required for a DVD-ROM. If the
DVD-ROM contains data recorded in a Solaris-aware file sys-
tem format, it can be mounted using the appropriate Solaris
file system support.
ZIP/JAZ DRIVE SUPPORT
ZIP/JAZ media provide varied data capacity points; a single
JAZ drive can store up to 2 GBytes of data, while a ZIP-250
can store up to 250MBytes of data. ZIP/JAZ drives can be
read-from or written-to using the appropriate drive.
When a ZIP/JAZ drive is opened, the eject button is disabled
to prevent the manual removal of a disk until the last
close() is called. No volume label is required for a ZIP/JAZ
drive. If the ZIP/JAZ drive contains data recorded in a
Solaris-aware file system format, it can be mounted using
the appropriate Solaris file system support.
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Devices sd(7D)
DEVICE STATISTICS SUPPORT
Each device maintains I/O statistics for the device and for
partitions allocated for that device. For each
device/partition, the driver accumulates reads, writes,
bytes read, and bytes written. The driver also initiates
hi-resolution time stamps at queue entry and exit points to
enable monitoring of residence time and cumulative
residence-length product for each queue.
Not all device drivers make per-partition IO statistics
available for reporting. sd and ssd(7D) per-partition
statistics are enabled by default but may disabled in their
configuration files.
IOCTLS
Refer to dkio(7I), and cdio(7I)
ERRORS
EACCES Permission denied
EBUSY The partition was opened exclusively by another
thread
EFAULT The argument features a bad address
EINVAL Invalid argument
ENOTTY The device does not support the requested ioctl
function
ENXIO During opening, the device did not exist. During
close, the drive unlock failed
EROFS The device is read-only
EAGAIN Resource temporarily unavailable
EINTR A signal was caught during the execution of the
ioctl() function
ENOMEM Insufficient memory
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Devices sd(7D)
EPERM Insufficent access permission
EIO An I/O error occurred. Refer to notes for details
on copy-protected DVD-ROM media.
CONFIGURATION
The sd driver can be configured by defining properties in
the sd.conf file. The sd driver supports the following pro-
perties:
enable-partition-kstats The default value is 1, which
causes partition IO statistics to
be maintained. Set this value to
zero to prevent the driver from
recording partition statistics.
This slightly reduces the CPU
overhead for IO, mimimizes the
amount of sar(1) data collected
and makes these statistics una-
vailable for reporting by
iostat(1M) even though the -p/-P
option is specified. Regardless
of this setting, disk IO statis-
tics are always maintained.
qfull-retries The supplied value is passed as
the qfull-retries capability
value of the HBA driver. See
scsi_ifsetcap(9F) for details.
qfull-retry-interval The supplied value is passed as
the qfull-retry interval capabil-
ity value of the HBA driver. See
scsi_ifsetcap(9F) for details.
allow-bus-device-reset The default value is 1, which
allows resetting to occur. Set
this value to 0 (zero) to prevent
the sd driver from calling
scsi_reset(9F) with a second
argument of RESET_TARGET when in
error-recovery mode. This
scsi_reset(9F) call may prompt
the HBA driver to send a SCSI Bus
Device Reset message. The
scsi_reset(9F) call with a second
argument of RESET_TARGET may
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Devices sd(7D)
result from an explicit request
via the USCSICMD ioctl. Some
high-availability multi-initiator
systems may wish to prohibit the
Bus Device Reset message; to do
this, set the allow-bus-device-
reset property to 0.
optical-device-bind Controls the binding of the
driver to non self-identifying
SCSI target optical devices. (See
scsi(4)). The default value is 1,
which causes sd to bind to
DTYPE_OPTICAL devices (as noted
in scsi(4)). Setting this value
to 0 prevents automatic binding.
The default behavior for the
SPARC-based sd driver prior to
Solaris 9 was not to bind to opt-
ical devices.
power-condition Boolean type, when set to False,
it indicates that the disk does
not support power condition field
in the START STOP UNIT command.
In addition to the above properties, some device-specific
tunables can be configured in sd.conf using the sd-config-
list global property. The value of this property is a list
of duplets. The formal syntax is:
sd-config-list = [, ]* ;
where
:= "" , ""
and
:= [, ]*;
= :
The is the string that is returned by the target device
on a SCSI inquiry command.
The contains one or more tunables to apply to
all target devices with the specified .
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Devices sd(7D)
Each is a : pair. Supported
tunable names are:
delay-busy: when busy, nsecs of delay before retry.
retries-timeout: retries to perform on an IO timeout.
emulation-rmw Turns on or off RMW in the sd driver for
disks in emulation mode. Emulation mode
is a disk which has different physical
block size and logical block size. This
improves the throughputs of some SSDs
that have bad RMW performance in
firmware.
mmc-gesn-polling For optical drives compliant with MMC-3
and supporting the GET EVENT STATUS
NOTIFICATION command, this command is
used for periodic media state polling,
usually initiated by the DKIOCSTATE
dkio(7I) ioctl. To disable the use of
this command, set this boolean property
to false. In that case, either the TEST
UNIT READY or zero-length WRITE(10) com-
mand is used instead.
EXAMPLES
The following is an example of a global sd-config-list property:
sd-config-list =
"SUN T4", "delay-busy:600, retries-timeout:6",
"SUN StorEdge_3510", "retries-timeout:3";
FILES
/kernel/drv/sd.conf Driver configuration file
/dev/dsk/cntndnsn Block files
/dev/rdsk/cntndnsn Raw files
Where:
cn controller n
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Devices sd(7D)
tn SCSI target id n (0-6)
dn SCSI LUN n (0-7 normally; some HBAs support LUNs to 15
or 32. See the specific manpage for details)
sn partition n (0-7)
x86 Only
/dev/rdsk/cntndnpn raw files
Where:
pn Where n=0 the node corresponds to the entire disk.
SEE ALSO
sar(1), cfgadm_scsi(1M), fdisk(1M), format(1M), iostat(1M),
close(2), ioctl(2), lseek(2), read(2), write(2),
driver.conf(4), scsi(4), filesystem(5), scsa2usb(7D),
ssd(7D), hsfs(7FS), pcfs(7FS), udfs(7FS), cdio(7I),
dkio(7I), scsi_ifsetcap(9F), scsi_reset(9F)
ANSI Small Computer System Interface-2 (SCSI-2)
ATA Packet Interface for CD-ROMs, SFF-8020i
Mt.Fuji Commands for CD and DVD, SFF8090v3
http://www.sun.com/io
DIAGNOSTICS
Error for Command:
Error Level: Fatal
Requested Block:
Error Block:
Vendor:''
Serial Number:''
Sense Key:
ASC: 0x (), ASCQ: 0x, FRU: 0x
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Devices sd(7D)
The command indicated by failed. The
Requested Block is the block where the transfer started
and the Error Block is the block that caused the error.
Sense Key, ASC, and ASCQ information is returned by the
target in response to a request sense command.
Caddy not inserted in drive
The drive is not ready because no caddy has been
inserted.
Check Condition on REQUEST SENSE
A REQUEST SENSE command completed with a check condi-
tion. The original command will be retried a number of
times.
Label says blocks Drive says blocks
There is a discrepancy between the label and what the
drive returned on the READ CAPACITY command.
Not enough sense information
The request sense data was less than expected.
Request Sense couldn't get sense data
The REQUEST SENSE command did not transfer any data.
Reservation Conflict
The drive was reserved by another initiator.
SCSI transport failed: reason 'xxxx': {retrying|giving up}
The host adapter has failed to transport a command to
the target for the reason stated. The driver will either
retry the command or, ultimately, give up.
Unhandled Sense Key
The REQUEST SENSE data included an invalid sense.
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Devices sd(7D)
Unit not ready. Additional sense code 0x
The drive is not ready.
Can't do switch back to mode 1
A failure to switch back to read mode 1.
Corrupt label - bad geometry
The disk label is corrupted.
Corrupt label - label checksum failed
The disk label is corrupted.
Corrupt label - wrong magic number
The disk label is corrupted.
Device busy too long
The drive returned busy during a number of retries.
Disk not responding to selection
The drive is powered down or died
Failed to handle UA
A retry on a Unit Attention condition failed.
I/O to invalid geometry
The geometry of the drive could not be established.
Incomplete read/write - retrying/giving up
There was a residue after the command completed nor-
mally.
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Devices sd(7D)
No bp for direct access device format geometry
A bp with consistent memory could not be allocated.
No bp for disk label
A bp with consistent memory could not be allocated.
No bp for fdisk
A bp with consistent memory could not be allocated.
No bp for rigid disk geometry
A bp with consistent memory could not be allocated.
No mem for property
Free memory pool exhausted.
No memory for direct access device format geometry
Free memory pool exhausted.
No memory for disk label
Free memory pool exhausted.
No memory for rigid disk geometry
The disk label is corrupted.
No resources for dumping
A packet could not be allocated during dumping.
Offline
Drive went offline; probably powered down.
Requeue of command fails
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Devices sd(7D)
Driver attempted to retry a command and experienced a
transport error.
sdrestart transport failed()
Driver attempted to retry a command and experienced a
transport error.
Transfer length not modulo
Illegal request size.
Transport of request sense fails()
Driver attempted to submit a request sense command and
failed.
Transport rejected()
Host adapter driver was unable to accept a command.
Unable to read label
Failure to read disk label.
Unit does not respond to selection
Drive went offline; probably powered down.
NOTES
DVD-ROM media containing DVD-Video data may follow/adhere to
the requirements of content scrambling system or copy pro-
tection scheme. Reading of copy-protected sector will cause
I/O error. Users are advised to use the appropriate playback
software to view video contents on DVD-ROM media containing
DVD-Video data.
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