Windows PowerShell command on Get-command screen

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User Commands SCREEN(1)

NAME

screen - screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation

SYNOPSIS

screen [ -options ] [ cmd [ args ] ]

screen -r [[pid.]tty[.host]]

screen -r sessionowner/[[pid.]tty[.host]]

DESCRIPTION

Screen is a full-screen window manager that multiplexes a

physical terminal between several processes (typically interactive shells). Each virtual terminal provides the functions of a DEC VT100 terminal and, in addition, several control functions from the ISO 6429 (ECMA 48, ANSI X3.64) and ISO 2022 standards (e.g. insert/delete line and support for multiple character sets). There is a scrollback history

buffer for each virtual terminal and a copy-and-paste

mechanism that allows moving text regions between windows.

When screen is called, it creates a single window with a

shell in it (or the specified command) and then gets out of your way so that you can use the program as you normally

would. Then, at any time, you can create new (full-screen)

windows with other programs in them (including more shells), kill existing windows, view a list of windows, turn output

logging on and off, copy-and-paste text between windows,

view the scrollback history, switch between windows in what-

ever manner you wish, etc. All windows run their programs completely independent of each other. Programs continue to run when their window is currently not visible and even when

the whole screen session is detached from the user's termi-

nal. When a program terminates, screen (per default) kills

the window that contained it. If this window was in the foreground, the display switches to the previous window; if

none are left, screen exits.

Everything you type is sent to the program running in the

current window. The only exception to this is the one keys-

troke that is used to initiate a command to the window

manager. By default, each command begins with a control-a

(abbreviated C-a from now on), and is followed by one other

keystroke. The command character and all the key bindings can be fully customized to be anything you like, though they are always two characters in length.

Screen does not understand the prefix "C-" to mean control.

Please use the caret notation ("^A" instead of "C-a") as

arguments to e.g. the escape command or the -e option.

SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 1 User Commands SCREEN(1)

Screen will also print out control characters in caret nota-

tion.

The standard way to create a new window is to type "C-a c".

This creates a new window running a shell and switches to

that window immediately, regardless of the state of the pro-

cess running in the current window. Similarly, you can create a new window with a custom command in it by first

binding the command to a keystroke (in your .screenrc file

or at the "C-a :" command line) and then using it just like

the "C-a c" command. In addition, new windows can be

created by running a command like:

screen emacs prog.c

from a shell prompt within a previously created window.

This will not run another copy of screen, but will instead

supply the command name and its arguments to the window

manager (specified in the $STY environment variable) who

will use it to create the new window. The above example would start the emacs editor (editing prog.c) and switch to its window.

If "/etc/utmp" is writable by screen, an appropriate record

will be written to this file for each window, and removed when the window is terminated. This is useful for working with "talk", "script", "shutdown", "rsend", "sccs" and other similar programs that use the utmp file to determine who you

are. As long as screen is active on your terminal, the

terminal's own record is removed from the utmp file. See

also "C-a L".

GETTING STARTED

Before you begin to use screen you'll need to make sure you

have correctly selected your terminal type, just as you would for any other termcap/terminfo program. (You can do this by using tset for example.) If you're impatient and want to get started without doing a lot more reading, you should remember this one command:

"C-a ?". Typing these two characters will display a list of

the available screen commands and their bindings. Each keys-

troke is discussed in the section "DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS". The manual section "CUSTOMIZATION" deals with the contents

of your .screenrc.

If your terminal is a "true" auto-margin terminal (it

doesn't allow the last position on the screen to be updated

without scrolling the screen) consider using a version of

your terminal's termcap that has automatic margins turned SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 2 User Commands SCREEN(1) off. This will ensure an accurate and optimal update of the

screen in all circumstances. Most terminals nowadays have

"magic" margins (automatic margins plus usable last column). This is the VT100 style type and perfectly suited for

screen. If all you've got is a "true" auto-margin terminal

screen will be content to use it, but updating a character

put into the last position on the screen may not be possible

until the screen scrolls or the character is moved into a

safe position in some other way. This delay can be shortened

by using a terminal with insert-character capability.

COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS

Screen has the following command-line options:

-a include all capabilities (with some minor exceptions)

in each window's termcap, even if screen must redraw

parts of the display in order to implement a function.

-A Adapt the sizes of all windows to the size of the

current terminal. By default, screen tries to restore

its old window sizes when attaching to resizable termi-

nals (those with "WS" in its description, e.g. suncmd or some xterm).

-c file

override the default configuration file from

"$HOME/.screenrc" to file.

-d|-D [pid.tty.host]

does not start screen, but detaches the elsewhere run-

ning screen session. It has the same effect as typing

"C-a d" from screen's controlling terminal. -D is the

equivalent to the power detach key. If no session can be detached, this option is ignored. In combination

with the -r/-R option more powerful effects can be

achieved:

-d -r Reattach a session and if necessary detach it first.

-d -R Reattach a session and if necessary detach or even

create it first.

-d -RR Reattach a session and if necessary detach or create

it. Use the first session if more than one session is available.

-D -r Reattach a session. If necessary detach and logout

remotely first.

-D -R Attach here and now. In detail this means: If a

SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 3 User Commands SCREEN(1) session is running, then reattach. If necessary detach and logout remotely first. If it was not running create it and notify the user. This is the author's favorite.

-D -RR Attach here and now. Whatever that means, just do

it. Note: It is always a good idea to check the status of

your sessions by means of "screen -list".

-e xy

specifies the command character to be x and the charac-

ter generating a literal command character to y (when typed after the command character). The default is

"C-a" and `a', which can be specified as "-e^Aa". When

creating a screen session, this option sets the default

command character. In a multiuser session all users added will start off with this command character. But when attaching to an already running session, this option changes only the command character of the attaching user. This option is equivalent to either the commands "defescape" or "escape" respectively.

-f, -fn, and -fa

turns flow-control on, off, or "automatic switching

mode". This can also be defined through the "defflow"

.screenrc command.

-h num

Specifies the history scrollback buffer to be num lines high.

-i will cause the interrupt key (usually C-c) to interrupt

the display immediately when flow-control is on. See

the "defflow" .screenrc command for details. The use

of this option is discouraged.

-l and -ln

turns login mode on or off (for /etc/utmp updating). This can also be defined through the "deflogin"

.screenrc command.

-ls and -list

does not start screen, but prints a list of

pid.tty.host strings identifying your screen sessions.

Sessions marked `detached' can be resumed with "screen

-r". Those marked `attached' are running and have a

controlling terminal. If the session runs in multiuser mode, it is marked `multi'. Sessions marked as `unreachable' either live on a different host or are `dead'. An unreachable session is considered dead, SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 4 User Commands SCREEN(1) when its name matches either the name of the local

host, or the specified parameter, if any. See the -r

flag for a description how to construct matches. Ses-

sions marked as `dead' should be thoroughly checked and removed. Ask your system administrator if you are not

sure. Remove sessions with the -wipe option.

-L tells screen to turn on automatic output logging for

the windows.

-m causes screen to ignore the $STY environment variable.

With "screen -m" creation of a new session is enforced,

regardless whether screen is called from within another

screen session or not. This flag has a special meaning

in connection with the `-d' option:

-d -m Start screen in "detached" mode. This creates a new

session but doesn't attach to it. This is useful for system startup scripts.

-D -m This also starts screen in "detached" mode, but

doesn't fork a new process. The command exits if the session terminates.

-O selects a more optimal output mode for your terminal

rather than true VT100 emulation (only affects auto-

margin terminals without `LP'). This can also be set

in your .screenrc by specifying `OP' in a "termcap"

command.

-p number_or_name

Preselect a window. This is usefull when you want to reattach to a specific windor or you want to send a

command via the "-X" option to a specific window. As

with screen's select commant, "-" selects the blank

window. As a special case for reattach, "=" brings up the windowlist on the blank window.

-q Suppress printing of error messages. In combination

with "-ls" the exit value is as follows: 9 indicates a

directory without sessions. 10 indicates a directory with running but not attachable sessions. 11 (or more) indicates 1 (or more) usable sessions. In combination

with "-r" the exit value is as follows: 10 indicates

that there is no session to resume. 12 (or more) indi-

cates that there are 2 (or more) sessions to resume and you should specify which one to choose. In all other

cases "-q" has no effect.

-r [pid.tty.host]

-r sessionowner/[pid.tty.host]

resumes a detached screen session. No other options

SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 5 User Commands SCREEN(1)

(except combinations with -d/-D) may be specified,

though an optional prefix of [pid.]tty.host may be

needed to distinguish between multiple detached screen

sessions. The second form is used to connect to

another user's screen session which runs in multiuser

mode. This indicates that screen should look for ses-

sions in another user's directory. This requires

setuid-root.

-R attempts to resume the first detached screen session it

finds. If successful, all other command-line options

are ignored. If no detached session exists, starts a

new session using the specified options, just as if -R

had not been specified. The option is set by default if

screen is run as a login-shell (actually screen uses

"-xRR" in that case). For combinations with the -d/-D

option see there.

-s sets the default shell to the program specified,

instead of the value in the environment variable $SHELL

(or "/bin/sh" if not defined). This can also be

defined through the "shell" .screenrc command.

-S sessionname

When creating a new session, this option can be used to specify a meaningful name for the session. This name

identifies the session for "screen -list" and "screen

-r" actions. It substitutes the default [tty.host] suf-

fix.

-t name

sets the title (a.k.a.) for the default shell or speci-

fied program. See also the "shelltitle" .screenrc com-

mand.

-U Run screen in UTF-8 mode. This option tells screen that

your terminal sends and understands UTF-8 encoded char-

acters. It also sets the default encoding for new win-

dows to `utf8'.

-v Print version number.

-wipe [match]

does the same as "screen -ls", but removes destroyed

sessions instead of marking them as `dead'. An unreachable session is considered dead, when its name matches either the name of the local host, or the

explicitly given parameter, if any. See the -r flag

for a description how to construct matches.

-x Attach to a not detached screen session. (Multi display

mode). SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 6 User Commands SCREEN(1)

-X Send the specified command to a running screen session.

You can use the -d or -r option to tell screen to look

only for attached or detached screen sessions. Note

that this command doesn't work if the session is pass-

word protected. DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS

As mentioned, each screen command consists of a "C-a" fol-

lowed by one other character. For your convenience, all

commands that are bound to lower-case letters are also bound

to their control character counterparts (with the exception

of "C-a a"; see below), thus, "C-a c" as well as "C-a C-c"

can be used to create a window. See section "CUSTOMIZATION" for a description of the command. The following table shows the default key bindings:

C-a ' (select) Prompt for a window name or number

to switch to.

C-a " (windowlist -b)

Present a list of all windows for selection.

C-a 0 (select 0)

... ...

C-a 9 (select 9)

C-a - (select -) Switch to window number 0 - 9, or

to the blank window.

C-a tab (focus) Switch the input focus to the next

region.

C-a C-a (other) Toggle to the window displayed

previously. Note that this bind-

ing defaults to the command char-

acter typed twice, unless overrid-

den. For instance, if you use the

option "-e]x", this command

becomes "]]".

C-a a (meta) Send the command character (C-a)

to window. See escape command.

C-a A (title) Allow the user to enter a name for

the current window.

C-a b

C-a C-b (break) Send a break to window.

SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 7 User Commands SCREEN(1)

C-a B (pow_break) Reopen the terminal line and send

a break.

C-a c

C-a C-c (screen) Create a new window with a shell

and switch to that window.

C-a C (clear) Clear the screen.

C-a d

C-a C-d (detach) Detach screen from this terminal.

C-a D D (pow_detach) Detach and logout.

C-a f

C-a C-f (flow) Toggle flow on, off or auto.

C-a F (fit) Resize the window to the current

region size.

C-a C-g (vbell) Toggles screen's visual bell mode.

C-a h (hardcopy) Write a hardcopy of the current

window to the file "hardcopy.n".

C-a H (log) Begins/ends logging of the current

window to the file "screenlog.n".

C-a i

C-a C-i (info) Show info about this window.

C-a k

C-a C-k (kill) Destroy current window.

C-a l

C-a C-l (redisplay) Fully refresh current window.

C-a L (login) Toggle this windows login slot.

Available only if screen is con-

figured to update the utmp data-

base.

C-a m

C-a C-m (lastmsg) Repeat the last message displayed

in the message line.

C-a M (monitor) Toggles monitoring of the current

window.

C-a space

C-a n

C-a C-n (next) Switch to the next window.

SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 8 User Commands SCREEN(1)

C-a N (number) Show the number (and title) of the

current window.

C-a backspace

C-a h

C-a p

C-a C-p (prev) Switch to the previous window

(opposite of C-a n).

C-a q

C-a C-q (xon) Send a control-q to the current

window.

C-a Q (only) Delete all regions but the current

one.

C-a r

C-a C-r (wrap) Toggle the current window's line-

wrap setting (turn the current window's automatic margins on and off).

C-a s

C-a C-s (xoff) Send a control-s to the current

window.

C-a S (split) Split the current region into two

new ones.

C-a t

C-a C-t (time) Show system information.

C-a v (version) Display the version and compila-

tion date.

C-a C-v (digraph) Enter digraph.

C-a w

C-a C-w (windows) Show a list of window.

C-a W (width) Toggle 80/132 columns.

C-a x

C-a C-x (lockscreen) Lock this terminal.

C-a X (remove) Kill the current region.

C-a z

C-a C-z (suspend) Suspend screen. Your system must

support BSD-style job-control.

C-a Z (reset) Reset the virtual terminal to its

SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 9 User Commands SCREEN(1)

"power-on" values.

C-a . (dumptermcap) Write out a ".termcap" file.

C-a ? (help) Show key bindings.

C-a C-\ (quit) Kill all windows and terminate

screen.

C-a : (colon) Enter command line mode.

C-a [

C-a C-[

C-a esc (copy) Enter copy/scrollback mode.

C-a ] (paste .) Write the contents of the paste

buffer to the stdin queue of the current window.

C-a {

C-a } (history) Copy and paste a previous (com-

mand) line.

C-a > (writebuf) Write paste buffer to a file.

C-a < (readbuf) Reads the screen-exchange file

into the paste buffer.

C-a = (removebuf) Removes the file used by C-a < and

C-a >.

C-a , (license) Shows where screen comes from,

where it went to and why you can use it.

C-a _ (silence) Start/stop monitoring the current

window for inactivity.

C-a * (displays) Show a listing of all currently

attached displays. CUSTOMIZATION

The "socket directory" defaults either to $HOME/.screen or

simply to /tmp/screens or preferably to /usr/local/screens

chosen at compile-time. If screen is installed setuid-root,

then the administrator should compile screen with an ade-

quate (not NFS mounted) socket directory. If screen is not

running setuid-root, the user can specify any mode 700

directory in the environment variable $SCREENDIR.

SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 10 User Commands SCREEN(1)

When screen is invoked, it executes initialization commands

from the files "/usr/local/etc/screenrc" and ".screenrc" in

the user's home directory. These are the "programmer's defaults" that can be overridden in the following ways: for

the global screenrc file screen searches for the environment

variable $SYSSCREENRC (this override feature may be disabled

at compile-time). The user specific screenrc file is

searched in $SCREENRC, then $HOME/.screenrc. The command

line option -c takes precedence over the above user screenrc

files.

Commands in these files are used to set options, bind func-

tions to keys, and to automatically establish one or more

windows at the beginning of your screen session. Commands

are listed one per line, with empty lines being ignored. A command's arguments are separated by tabs or spaces, and may

be surrounded by single or double quotes. A `#' turns the

rest of the line into a comment, except in quotes. Unintel-

ligible lines are warned about and ignored. Commands may contain references to environment variables. The syntax is

the shell-like "$VAR " or "${VAR}". Note that this causes

incompatibility with previous screen versions, as now the

'$'-character has to be protected with '\' if no variable

substitution shall be performed. A string in single-quotes

is also protected from variable substitution. Two configuration files are shipped as examples with your

screen distribution: "etc/screenrc" and "etc/etcscreenrc".

They contain a number of useful examples for various com-

mands.

Customization can also be done 'on-line'. To enter the com-

mand mode type `C-a :'. Note that commands starting with

"def" change default values, while others change current settings. The following commands are available:

acladd usernames [crypted-pw]

addacl usernames

Enable users to fully access this screen session. Usernames

can be one user or a comma separated list of users. This

command enables to attach to the screen session and performs

the equivalent of `aclchg usernames +rwx "#?"'. executed.

To add a user with restricted access, use the `aclchg' com-

mand below. If an optional second parameter is supplied, it should be a crypted password for the named user(s). `Addacl' is a synonym to `acladd'. Multi user mode only. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 11 User Commands SCREEN(1) aclchg usernames permbits list chacl usernames permbits list

Change permissions for a comma separated list of users. Per-

mission bits are represented as `r', `w' and `x'. Prefixing

`+' grants the permission, `-' removes it. The third parame-

ter is a comma separated list of commands and/or windows

(specified either by number or title). The special list `#'

refers to all windows, `?' to all commands. if usernames consists of a single `*', all known users are affected. A command can be executed when the user has the `x' bit for it. The user can type input to a window when he has its `w'

bit set and no other user obtains a writelock for this win-

dow. Other bits are currently ignored. To withdraw the wri-

telock from another user in window 2: `aclchg username -w+w

2'. To allow read-only access to the session: `aclchg user-

name -w "#"'. As soon as a user's name is known to screen he

can attach to the session and (per default) has full permis-

sions for all command and windows. Execution permission for the acl commands, `at' and others should also be removed or the user may be able to regain write permission. Rights of the special username nobody cannot be changed (see the "su" command). `Chacl' is a synonym to `aclchg'. Multi user mode only. acldel username

Remove a user from screen's access control list. If

currently attached, all the user's displays are detached from the session. He cannot attach again. Multi user mode only. aclgrp username [groupname] Creates groups of users that share common access rights. The name of the group is the username of the group leader. Each member of the group inherits the permissions that are granted to the group leader. That means, if a user fails an access check, another check is made for the group leader. A user is removed from all groups the special value "none" is used for groupname. If the second parameter is omitted all groups the user is in are listed.

aclumask [[users]+bits |[users]-bits .... ]

umask [[users]+bits |[users]-bits .... ]

This specifies the access other users have to windows that will be created by the caller of the command. Users may be no, one or a comma separated list of known usernames. If no users are specified, a list of all currently known users is assumed. Bits is any combination of access control bits allowed defined with the "aclchg" command. The special SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 12 User Commands SCREEN(1) username "?" predefines the access that not yet known users

will be granted to any window initially. The special user-

name "??" predefines the access that not yet known users are granted to any command. Rights of the special username nobody cannot be changed (see the "su" command). `Umask' is a synonym to `aclumask'. activity message When any activity occurs in a background window that is

being monitored, screen displays a notification in the mes-

sage line. The notification message can be re-defined by

means of the "activity" command. Each occurrence of `%' in

message is replaced by the number of the window in which activity has occurred, and each occurrence of `^G' is replaced by the definition for bell in your termcap (usually an audible bell). The default message is

'Activity in window %n'

Note that monitoring is off for all windows by default, but

can be altered by use of the "monitor" command (C-a M).

allpartial on|off If set to on, only the current cursor line is refreshed on window change. This affects all windows and is useful for slow terminal lines. The previous setting of full/partial refresh for each window is restored with "allpartial off". This is a global flag that immediately takes effect on all windows overriding the "partial" settings. It does not change the default redraw behavior of newly created windows.

altscreen on|off

If set to on, "alternate screen" support is enabled in vir-

tual terminals, just like in xterm. Initial setting is `off'.

at [identifier][#|*|%] command [args ... ]

Execute a command at other displays or windows as if it had been entered there. "At" changes the context (the `current window' or `current display' setting) of the command. If the

first parameter describes a non-unique context, the command

will be executed multiple times. If the first parameter is of the form `identifier*' then identifier is matched against user names. The command is executed once for each display of the selected user(s). If the first parameter is of the

form `identifier%' identifier is matched against displays.

Displays are named after the ttys they attach. The prefix `/dev/' or `/dev/tty' may be omitted from the identifier. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 13 User Commands SCREEN(1)

If identifier has a `#' or nothing appended it is matched

against window numbers and titles. Omitting an identifier in

front of the `#', `*' or `%'-character selects all users,

displays or windows because a prefix-match is performed.

Note that on the affected display(s) a short message will describe what happened. Permission is checked for initiator of the "at" command, not for the owners of the affected

display(s). Note that the '#' character works as a comment

introducer when it is preceded by whitespace. This can be escaped by prefixing a '\'. Permission is checked for the initiator of the "at" command, not for the owners of the affected display(s).

Caveat: When matching against windows, the command is exe-

cuted at least once per window. Commands that change the internal arrangement of windows (like "other") may be called again. In shared windows the command will be repeated for each attached display. Beware, when issuing toggle commands like "login"! Some commands (e.g. "process") require that a

display is associated with the target windows. These com-

mands may not work correctly under "at" looping over win-

dows.

attrcolor attrib [attribute/color-modifier]

This command can be used to highlight attributes by changing the color of the text. If the attribute attrib is in use, the specified attribute/color modifier is also applied. If no modifier is given, the current one is deleted. See the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter for the syntax of the modifier.

Screen understands two pseudo-attributes, "i" stands for

high-intensity foreground color and "I" for high-intensity

background color. Examples: attrcolor b "R" Change the color to bright red if bold text is to be printed.

attrcolor u "-u b"

Use blue text instead of underline. attrcolor b ".I" Use bright colors for bold text. Most terminal emulators do this already. attrcolor i "+b" SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 14 User Commands SCREEN(1) Make bright colored text also bold. autodetach on|off

Sets whether screen will automatically detach upon hangup,

which saves all your running programs until they are resumed

with a screen -r command. When turned off, a hangup signal

will terminate screen and all the processes it contains.

Autodetach is on by default. autonuke on|off

Sets whether a clear screen sequence should nuke all the

output that has not been written to the terminal. See also "obuflimit". backtick id lifespan autorefresh cmd args... backtick id Program the backtick command with the numerical id id. The output of such a command is used for substitution of the

"%`" string escape. The specified lifespan is the number of

seconds the output is considered valid. After this time, the command is run again if a corresponding string escape is encountered. The autorefresh parameter triggers an automatic refresh for caption and hardstatus strings after

the specified number of seconds. Only the last line of out-

put is used for substitution. If both the lifespan and the autorefresh parameters are

zero, the backtick program is expected to stay in the back-

ground and generate output once in a while. In this case,

the command is executed right away and screen stores the

last line of output. If a new line gets printed screen will

automatically refresh the hardstatus or the captions. The second form of the command deletes the backtick command with the numerical id id. bce [on|off]

Change background-color-erase setting. If "bce" is set to

on, all characters cleared by an erase/insert/scroll/clear operation will be displayed in the current background color. Otherwise the default background color is used.

bell_msg [message]

When a bell character is sent to a background window, screen

displays a notification in the message line. The notifica-

tion message can be re-defined by this command. Each

occurrence of `%' in message is replaced by the number of

the window to which a bell has been sent, and each occurrence of `^G' is replaced by the definition for bell in SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 15 User Commands SCREEN(1) your termcap (usually an audible bell). The default message is

'Bell in window %n'

An empty message can be supplied to the "bell_msg" command

to suppress output of a message line (bell_msg ""). Without

parameter, the current message is shown.

bind [-c class] key [command [args]]

Bind a command to a key. By default, most of the commands

provided by screen are bound to one or more keys as indi-

cated in the "DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS" section, e.g. the com-

mand to create a new window is bound to "C-c" and "c". The

"bind" command can be used to redefine the key bindings and to define new bindings. The key argument is either a single

character, a two-character sequence of the form "^x" (mean-

ing "C-x"), a backslash followed by an octal number (speci-

fying the ASCII code of the character), or a backslash fol-

lowed by a second character, such as "\^" or "\\". The argument can also be quoted, if you like. If no further argument is given, any previously established binding for

this key is removed. The command argument can be any com-

mand listed in this section.

If a command class is specified via the "-c" option, the key

is bound for the specified class. Use the "command" command to activate a class. Command classes can be used to create

multiple command keys or multi-character bindings.

Some examples: bind ' ' windows bind ^k bind k bind K kill

bind ^f screen telnet foobar

bind \033 screen -ln -t root -h 1000 9 su

would bind the space key to the command that displays a list

of windows (so that the command usually invoked by "C-a C-w"

would also be available as "C-a space"). The next three

lines remove the default kill binding from "C-a C-k" and

"C-a k". "C-a K" is then bound to the kill command. Then it

binds "C-f" to the command "create a window with a TELNET

connection to foobar", and bind "escape" to the command that

creates an non-login window with a.k.a. "root" in slot #9,

with a superuser shell and a scrollback buffer of 1000 lines. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 16 User Commands SCREEN(1)

bind -c demo1 0 select 10

bind -c demo1 1 select 11

bind -c demo1 2 select 12

bindkey "^B" command -c demo1

makes "C-b 0" select window 10, "C-b 1" window 11, etc.

bind -c demo2 0 select 10

bind -c demo2 1 select 11

bind -c demo2 2 select 12

bind - command -c demo2

makes "C-a - 0" select window 10, "C-a - 1" window 11, etc.

bindkey [-d] [-m] [-a] [[-k|-t] string [cmd args]]

This command manages screen's input translation tables.

Every entry in one of the tables tells screen how to react

if a certain sequence of characters is encountered. There

are three tables: one that should contain actions pro-

grammed by the user, one for the default actions used for

terminal emulation and one for screen's copy mode to do cur-

sor movement. See section "INPUT TRANSLATION" for a list of

default key bindings.

If the -d option is given, bindkey modifies the default

table, -m changes the copy mode table and with neither

option the user table is selected. The argument string is the sequence of characters to which an action is bound. This

can either be a fixed string or a termcap keyboard capabil-

ity name (selectable with the -k option).

Some keys on a VT100 terminal can send a different string if application mode is turned on (e.g the cursor keys). Such keys have two entries in the translation table. You can

select the application mode entry by specifying the -a

option.

The -t option tells screen not to do inter-character timing.

One cannot turn off the timing if a termcap capability is used.

Cmd can be any of screen's commands with an arbitrary number

of args. If cmd is omitted the key-binding is removed from

the table. Here are some examples of keyboard bindings:

bindkey -d

Show all of the default key bindings. The application mode entries are marked with [A].

bindkey -k k1 select 1

Make the "F1" key switch to window one.

bindkey -t foo stuff barfoo

Make "foo" an abbreviation of the word "barfoo". Timeout is SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 17 User Commands SCREEN(1) disabled so that users can type slowly. bindkey "\024" mapdefault

This key-binding makes "^T" an escape character for key-

bindings. If you did the above "stuff barfoo" binding, you can enter the word "foo" by typing "^Tfoo". If you want to insert a "^T" you have to press the key twice (i.e. escape the escape binding).

bindkey -k F1 command

Make the F11 (not F1!) key an alternative screen escape

(besides ^A). break [duration]

Send a break signal for duration*0.25 seconds to this win-

dow. For non-Posix systems the time interval may be rounded

up to full seconds. Most useful if a character device is attached to the window rather than a shell process (See also chapter "WINDOW TYPES"). The maximum duration of a break signal is limited to 15 seconds. blanker

Activate the screen blanker. First the screen is cleared. If

no blanker program is defined, the cursor is turned off, otherwise, the program is started and it's output is written

to the screen. The screen blanker is killed with the first

keypress, the read key is discarded.

This command is normally used together with the "idle" com-

mand. blankerprg [program args] Defines a blanker program. Disables the blanker program if no arguments are given. breaktype [tcsendbreak|TIOCSBRK |TCSBRK] Choose one of the available methods of generating a break signal for terminal devices. This command should affect the current window only. But it still behaves identical to "defbreaktype". This will be changed in the future. Calling "breaktype" with no parameter displays the break method for the current window.

bufferfile [exchange-file]

Change the filename used for reading and writing with the paste buffer. If the optional argument to the "bufferfile"

command is omitted, the default setting ("/tmp/screen-

exchange") is reactivated. The following example will paste SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 18 User Commands SCREEN(1)

the system's password file into the screen window (using the

paste buffer, where a copy remains):

C-a : bufferfile /etc/passwd

C-a < C-a ]

C-a : bufferfile

c1 [on|off]

Change c1 code processing. "C1 on" tells screen to treat the

input characters between 128 and 159 as control functions.

Such an 8-bit code is normally the same as ESC followed by

the corresponding 7-bit code. The default setting is to pro-

cess c1 codes and can be changed with the "defc1" command.

Users with fonts that have usable characters in the c1 posi-

tions may want to turn this off. caption always|splitonly [string] caption string [string] This command controls the display of the window captions. Normally a caption is only used if more than one window is

shown on the display (split screen mode). But if the type is

set to always screen shows a caption even if only one window

is displayed. The default is splitonly. The second form changes the text used for the caption. You can use all escapes from the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter.

Screen uses a default of `%3n %t'.

You can mix both forms by providing a string as an addi-

tional argument. charset set

Change the current character set slot designation and char-

set mapping. The first four character of set are treated as charset designators while the fifth and sixth character must

be in range '0' to '3' and set the GL/GR charset mapping. On every position a '.' may be used to indicate that the corresponding charset/mapping should not be changed (set is padded to six characters internally by appending '.' chars). New windows have "BBBB02" as default charset, unless a "encoding" command is active. The current setting can be viewed with the "info" command. chdir [directory]

Change the current directory of screen to the specified

directory or, if called without an argument, to your home

directory (the value of the environment variable $HOME).

All windows that are created by means of the "screen"

SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 19 User Commands SCREEN(1)

command from within ".screenrc" or by means of "C-a : screen

..." or "C-a c" use this as their default directory.

Without a chdir command, this would be the directory from

which screen was invoked. Hardcopy and log files are always

written to the window's default directory, not the current directory of the process running in the window. You can use

this command multiple times in your .screenrc to start vari-

ous windows in different default directories, but the last

chdir value will affect all the windows you create interac-

tively. clear

Clears the current window and saves its image to the scroll-

back buffer. colon [prefix]

Allows you to enter ".screenrc" command lines. Useful for

on-the-fly modification of key bindings, specific window

creation and changing settings. Note that the "set" keyword no longer exists! Usually commands affect the current window rather than default settings for future windows. Change defaults with commands starting with 'def...'.

If you consider this as the `Ex command mode' of screen, you

may regard "C-a esc" (copy mode) as its `Vi command mode'.

command [-c class]

This command has the same effect as typing the screen escape

character (^A). It is probably only useful for key bindings.

If the "-c" option is given, select the specified command

class. See also "bind" and "bindkey". compacthist [on|off]

This tells screen whether to suppress trailing blank lines

when scrolling up text into the history buffer. console [on|off]

Grabs or un-grabs the machines console output to a window.

Note: Only the owner of /dev/console can grab the console

output. This command is only available if the machine sup-

ports the ioctl TIOCCONS. copy Enter copy/scrollback mode. This allows you to copy text from the current window and its history into the paste

buffer. In this mode a vi-like `full screen editor' is

SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 20 User Commands SCREEN(1) active: Movement keys: h, j, k, l move the cursor line by line or column by column.

0, ^ and $ move to the leftmost column, to the first or

last non-whitespace character on the line.

H, M and L move the cursor to the leftmost column of the top, center or bottom line of the window.

+ and - positions one line up and down.

G moves to the specified absolute line (default: end of buffer). | moves to the specified absolute column. w, b, e move the cursor word by word. B, E move the cursor WORD by WORD (as in vi).

C-u and C-d scroll the display up/down by the specified

amount of lines while preserving the cursor position.

(Default: half screen-full).

C-b and C-f scroll the display up/down a full screen.

g moves to the beginning of the buffer.

% jumps to the specified percentage of the buffer.

Note: Emacs style movement keys can be customized by a

.screenrc command. (E.g. markkeys "h=^B:l=^F:$=^E")

There is no simple method for a full emacs-style keymap,

as this involves multi-character codes.

Marking: The copy range is specified by setting two marks. The text between these marks will be highlighted. Press space to set the first or second mark respectively. Y and y used to mark one whole line or to mark from start of line. W marks exactly one word. Repeat count: Any of these commands can be prefixed with a repeat count number by pressing digits 0..9 which is taken as a repeat count.

Example: "C-a C-[ H 10 j 5 Y" will copy lines 11 to 15

into the paste buffer. Searching:

/ Vi-like search forward.

? Vi-like search backward.

C-a s Emacs style incremental search forward.

C-r Emacs style reverse i-search.

Specials: There are however some keys that act differently than in vi. Vi does not allow one to yank rectangular blocks of

text, but screen does. Press

c or C to set the left or right margin respectively. If no

repeat count is given, both default to the current cur-

sor position. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 21 User Commands SCREEN(1)

Example: Try this on a rather full text screen: "C-a [ M

20 l SPACE c 10 l 5 j C SPACE".

This moves one to the middle line of the screen, moves

in 20 columns left, marks the beginning of the paste buffer, sets the left column, moves 5 columns down, sets the right column, and then marks the end of the paste buffer. Now try:

"C-a [ M 20 l SPACE 10 l 5 j SPACE"

and notice the difference in the amount of text copied. J joins lines. It toggles between 4 modes: lines separated by a newline character (012), lines glued seamless, lines separated by a single whitespace and comma separated lines. Note that you can prepend the newline character with a carriage return character, by issuing a "crlf on".

v is for all the vi users with ":set numbers" - it toggles

the left margin between column 9 and 1. Press a before the final space key to toggle in append mode. Thus the contents of the paste buffer will not be overwritten, but is appended to. A toggles in append mode and sets a (second) mark. > sets the (second) mark and writes the contents of the

paste buffer to the screen-exchange file (/tmp/screen-

exchange per default) once copy-mode is finished.

This example demonstrates how to dump the whole scroll-

back buffer to that file: "C-A [ g SPACE G $ >".

C-g gives information about the current line and column.

x exchanges the first mark and the current cursor posi-

tion. You can use this to adjust an already placed mark. @ does nothing. Does not even exit copy mode. All keys not described here exit copy mode.

copy_reg [key]

No longer exists, use "readreg" instead. crlf [on|off]

This affects the copying of text regions with the `C-a ['

command. If it is set to `on', lines will be separated by

the two character sequence `CR' - `LF'. Otherwise (default)

only `LF' is used. When no parameter is given, the state is toggled. debug on|off

Turns runtime debugging on or off. If screen has been com-

piled with option -DDEBUG debugging available and is turned

on per default. Note that this command only affects debug-

ging output from the main "SCREEN" process correctly. Debug SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 22 User Commands SCREEN(1) output from attacher processes can only be turned off once and forever. defc1 on|off Same as the c1 command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `on'. defautonuke on|off Same as the autonuke command except that the default setting for new displays is changed. Initial setting is `off'. Note that you can use the special `AN' terminal capability if you want to have a dependency on the terminal type. defbce on|off Same as the bce command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off'. defbreaktype [tcsendbreak|TIOCSBRK |TCSBRK] Choose one of the available methods of generating a break signal for terminal devices. The preferred methods are tcsendbreak and TIOCSBRK. The third, TCSBRK, blocks the

complete screen session for the duration of the break, but

it may be the only way to generate long breaks. Tcsendbreak and TIOCSBRK may or may not produce long breaks with spikes (e.g. 4 per second). This is not only system dependant, this also differs between serial board drivers. Calling

"defbreaktype" with no parameter displays the current set-

ting. defcharset [set] Like the charset command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Shows current default if called without argument. defescape xy Set the default command characters. This is equivalent to the "escape" except that it is useful multiuser sessions only. In a multiuser session "escape" changes the command character of the calling user, where "defescape" changes the default command characters for users that will be added later. defflow on|off|auto [interrupt] Same as the flow command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `auto'. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 23 User Commands SCREEN(1) Specifying "defflow auto interrupt" is the same as the

command-line options -fa and -i.

defgr on|off Same as the gr command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off'. defhstatus [status] The hardstatus line that all new windows will get is set to status. This command is useful to make the hardstatus of every window display the window number or title or the like.

Status may contain the same directives as in the window mes-

sages, but the directive escape character is '^E' (octal

005) instead of '%'. This was done to make a misinterpreta-

tion of program generated hardstatus lines impossible. If the parameter status is omitted, the current default string

is displayed. Per default the hardstatus line of new win-

dows is empty. defencoding enc Same as the encoding command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is the encoding taken from the terminal. deflog on|off Same as the log command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off'. deflogin on|off Same as the login command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. This is initialized with `on' as distributed (see config.h.in). defmode mode

The mode of each newly allocated pseudo-tty is set to mode.

Mode is an octal number. When no "defmode" command is given, mode 0622 is used. defmonitor on|off Same as the monitor command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off'. defnonblock on|off|numsecs SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 24 User Commands SCREEN(1) Same as the nonblock command except that the default setting for displays is changed. Initial setting is `off'. defobuflimit limit

Same as the obuflimit command except that the default set-

ting for new displays is changed. Initial setting is 256 bytes. Note that you can use the special 'OL' terminal capability if you want to have a dependency on the terminal type. defscrollback num

Same as the scrollback command except that the default set-

ting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is 100. defshell command Synonym to the shell command. See there. defsilence on|off Same as the silence command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off'. defslowpaste msec

Same as the slowpaste command except that the default set-

ting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is 0 mil-

liseconds, meaning `off'. defutf8 on|off Same as the utf8 command except that the default setting for

new windows is changed. Initial setting is `on' if screen

was started with "-U", otherwise `off'.

defwrap on|off Same as the wrap command except that the default setting for

new windows is changed. Initially line-wrap is on and can be

toggled with the "wrap" command ("C-a r") or by means of

"C-a : wrap on|off".

defwritelock on|off|auto

Same as the writelock command except that the default set-

ting for new windows is changed. Initially writelocks will off. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 25 User Commands SCREEN(1) defzombie [keys] Synonym to the zombie command. Both currently change the default. See there.

detach [-h]

Detach the screen session (disconnect it from the terminal

and put it into the background). This returns you to the

shell where you invoked screen. A detached screen can be

resumed by invoking screen with the -r option (see also sec-

tion "COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS"). The -h option tells screen to

immediately close the connection to the terminal ("hangup"). dinfo

Show what screen thinks about your terminal. Useful if you

want to know why features like color or the alternate char-

set don't work. displays Shows a tabular listing of all currently connected user

front-ends (displays). This is most useful for multiuser

sessions. digraph [preset] This command prompts the user for a digraph sequence. The next two characters typed are looked up in a builtin table and the resulting character is inserted in the input stream.

For example, if the user enters 'a"', an a-umlaut will be

inserted. If the first character entered is a 0 (zero),

screen will treat the following characters (up to three) as

an octal number instead. The optional argument preset is treated as user input, thus one can create an "umlaut" key. For example the command "bindkey ^K digraph '"'" enables the

user to generate an a-umlaut by typing CTRL-K a.

dumptermcap Write the termcap entry for the virtual terminal optimized for the currently active window to the file ".termcap" in

the user's "$HOME/.screen" directory (or wherever screen

stores its sockets. See the "FILES" section below). This termcap entry is identical to the value of the environment

variable $TERMCAP that is set up by screen for each window.

For terminfo based systems you will need to run a converter like captoinfo and then compile the entry with tic. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 26 User Commands SCREEN(1)

echo [-n] message

The echo command may be used to annoy screen users with a

'message of the day'. Typically installed in a global

/local/etc/screenrc. The option "-n" may be used to suppress

the line feed. See also "sleep". Echo is also useful for online checking of environment variables. encoding enc [enc]

Tell screen how to interpret the input/output. The first

argument sets the encoding of the current window. Each win-

dow can emulate a different encoding. The optional second parameter overwrites the encoding of the connected terminal.

It should never be needed as screen uses the locale setting

to detect the encoding. There is also a way to select a terminal encoding depending on the terminal type by using the "KJ" termcap entry. Supported encodings are eucJP, SJIS, eucKR, eucCN, Big5,

GBK, KOI8-R, CP1251, UTF-8, ISO8859-2, ISO8859-3, ISO8859-4,

ISO8859-5, ISO8859-6, ISO8859-7, ISO8859-8, ISO8859-9,

ISO8859-10, ISO8859-15, jis.

See also "defencoding", which changes the default setting of a new window. escape xy Set the command character to x and the character generating

a literal command character (by triggering the "meta" com-

mand) to y (similar to the -e option). Each argument is

either a single character, a two-character sequence of the

form "^x" (meaning "C-x"), a backslash followed by an octal

number (specifying the ASCII code of the character), or a backslash followed by a second character, such as "\^" or "\\". The default is "^Aa". eval command1 [command2 ...] Parses and executes each argument as separate command. exec [[fdpat] newcommand [args ...]] Run a unix subprocess (specified by an executable path

newcommand and its optional arguments) in the current win-

dow. The flow of data between newcommands stdin/stdout/stderr, the process originally started in the

window (let us call it "application-process") and screen

itself (window) is controlled by the filedescriptor pattern fdpat. This pattern is basically a three character sequence representing stdin, stdout and stderr of newcommand. A dot SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 27 User Commands SCREEN(1)

(.) connects the file descriptor to screen. An exclamation

mark (!) causes the file descriptor to be connected to the

application-process. A colon (:) combines both. User input

will go to newcommand unless newcommand receives the

application-process' output (fdpats first character is `!'

or `:') or a pipe symbol (|) is added (as a fourth charac-

ter) to the end of fdpat. Invoking `exec' without arguments shows name and arguments of the currently running subprocess in this window. Only one subprocess a time can be running in each window. When a subprocess is running the `kill' command will affect it instead of the windows process. Refer to the postscript file `doc/fdpat.ps' for a confusing illustration of all 21 possible combinations. Each drawing

shows the digits 2,1,0 representing the three file descrip-

tors of newcommand. The box marked `W' is the usual pty that

has the application-process on its slave side. The box

marked `P' is the secondary pty that now has screen at its

master side. Abbreviations: Whitespace between the word `exec' and fdpat and the command can be omitted. Trailing dots and a fdpat consisting only of

dots can be omitted. A simple `|' is synonymous for the pat-

tern `!..|'; the word exec can be omitted here and can always be replaced by `!'. Examples: exec ... /bin/sh exec /bin/sh !/bin/sh Creates another shell in the same window, while the original shell is still running. Output of both shells is displayed and user input is sent to the new /bin/sh. exec !.. stty 19200 exec ! stty 19200 !!stty 19200 Set the speed of the window's tty. If your stty command operates on stdout, then add another `!'. exec !..| less |less

This adds a pager to the window output. The special charac-

ter `|' is needed to give the user control over the pager although it gets its input from the window's process. This works, because less listens on stderr (a behavior that

screen would not expect without the `|') when its stdin is

SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 28 User Commands SCREEN(1) not a tty. Less versions newer than 177 fail miserably here; good old pg still works.

!:sed -n s/.*Error.*/\007/p

Sends window output to both, the user and the sed command. The sed inserts an additional bell character (oct. 007) to

the window output seen by screen. This will cause "Bell in

window x" messages, whenever the string "Error" appears in the window. fit Change the window size to the size of the current region.

This command is needed because screen doesn't adapt the win-

dow size automatically if the window is displayed more than once. flow [on|off|auto]

Sets the flow-control mode for this window. Without parame-

ters it cycles the current window's flow-control setting

from "automatic" to "on" to "off". See the discussion on

"FLOW-CONTROL" later on in this document for full details

and note, that this is subject to change in future releases. Default is set by `defflow'. focus [up|down| Move the input focus to the next region. This is done in a

cyclic way so that the top region is selected after the bot-

tom one. If no subcommand is given it defaults to `down'. `up' cycles in the opposite order, `top' and `bottom' go to the top and bottom region respectively. Useful bindings are (j and k as in vi) bind j focus down bind k focus up bind t focus top bind b focus bottom gr [on|off]

Turn GR charset switching on/off. Whenever screen sees an

input character with the 8th bit set, it will use the char-

set stored in the GR slot and print the character with the 8th bit stripped. The default (see also "defgr") is not to process GR switching because otherwise the ISO88591 charset would not work.

hardcopy [-h] [file]

SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 29 User Commands SCREEN(1) Writes out the currently displayed image to the file file, or, if no filename is specified, to hardcopy.n in the

default directory, where n is the number of the current win-

dow. This either appends or overwrites the file if it

exists. See below. If the option -h is specified, dump also

the contents of the scrollback buffer.

hardcopy_append on|off

If set to "on", screen will append to the "hardcopy.n" files

created by the command "C-a h", otherwise these files are

overwritten each time. Default is `off'. hardcopydir directory Defines a directory where hardcopy files will be placed. If

unset, hardcopys are dumped in screen's current working

directory. hardstatus [on|off] hardstatus [always]lastline|message|ignore [string] hardstatus string [string] This command configures the use and emulation of the terminal's hardstatus line. The first form toggles whether

screen will use the hardware status line to display mes-

sages. If the flag is set to `off', these messages are over-

laid in reverse video mode at the display line. The default setting is `on'.

The second form tells screen what to do if the terminal

doesn't have a hardstatus line (i.e. the termcap/terminfo capabilities "hs", "ts", "fs" and "ds" are not set). If the

type "lastline" is used, screen will reserve the last line

of the display for the hardstatus. "message" uses screen's

message mechanism and "ignore" tells screen never to display

the hardstatus. If you prepend the word "always" to the

type (e.g., "alwayslastline"), screen will use the type even

if the terminal supports a hardstatus. The third form specifies the contents of the hardstatus

line. '%h' is used as default string, i.e. the stored

hardstatus of the current window (settable via

"ESC]0;^G" or "ESC_ESC\") is displayed. You

can customize this to any string you like including the escapes from the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter. If you leave out the argument string, the current string is displayed. You can mix the second and third form by providing the string as additional argument. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 30 User Commands SCREEN(1)

height [-w|-d] [lines [cols]]

Set the display height to a specified number of lines. When no argument is given it toggles between 24 and 42 lines display. You can also specify a width if you want to change

both values. The -w option tells screen to leave the

display size unchanged and just set the window size, -d vice

versa.

help [-c class]

Not really a online help, but displays a help screen showing

you all the key bindings. The first pages list all the

internal commands followed by their current bindings. Sub-

sequent pages will display the custom commands, one command per key. Press space when you're done reading each page, or return to exit early. All other characters are ignored. If

the "-c" option is given, display all bound commands for the

specified command class. See also "DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS" section. history Usually users work with a shell that allows easy access to previous commands. For example csh has the command "!!" to repeat the last command executed. Screen allows you to have

a primitive way of re-calling "the command that started

...": You just type the first letter of that command, then

hit `C-a {' and screen tries to find a previous line that

matches with the `prompt character' to the left of the cur-

sor. This line is pasted into this window's input queue.

Thus you have a crude command history (made up by the visi-

ble window and its scrollback buffer). hstatus status Change the window's hardstatus line to the string status. idle [timeout [cmd args]] Sets a command that is run after the specified number of seconds inactivity is reached. This command will normally be

the "blanker" command to create a screen blanker, but it can

be any screen command. If no command is specified, only the

timeout is set. A timeout of zero (ot the special timeout off) disables the timer. If no arguments are given, the current settings are displayed. ignorecase [on|off]

Tell screen to ignore the case of characters in searches.

Default is `off'. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 31 User Commands SCREEN(1) info Uses the message line to display some information about the current window: the cursor position in the form "(column,row)" starting with "(1,1)", the terminal width and height plus the size of the scrollback buffer in lines, like

in "(80,24)+50", the current state of window XON/XOFF flow control is shown like this (See also section FLOW CONTROL): +flow automatic flow control, currently on.

-flow automatic flow control, currently off.

+(+)flow flow control enabled. Agrees with automatic control.

-(+)flow flow control disabled. Disagrees with automatic control.

+(-)flow flow control enabled. Disagrees with automatic control.

-(-)flow flow control disabled. Agrees with automatic control.

The current line wrap setting (`+wrap' indicates enabled,

`-wrap' not) is also shown. The flags `ins', `org', `app',

`log', `mon' or `nored' are displayed when the window is in

insert mode, origin mode, application-keypad mode, has out-

put logging, activity monitoring or partial redraw enabled. The currently active character set (G0, G1, G2, or G3) and in square brackets the terminal character sets that are

currently designated as G0 through G3 is shown. If the win-

dow is in UTF-8 mode, the string "UTF-8" is shown instead.

Additional modes depending on the type of the window are displayed at the end of the status line (See also chapter "WINDOW TYPES").

If the state machine of the terminal emulator is in a non-

default state, the info line is started with a string iden-

tifying the current state. For system information use the "time" command.

ins_reg [key]

No longer exists, use "paste" instead. kill Kill current window. If there is an `exec' command running then it is killed. Otherwise the process (shell) running in the window receives a HANGUP condition, the window structure is removed and

screen (your display) switches to another window. When the

last window is destroyed, screen exits. After a kill screen

switches to the previously displayed window. Note: Emacs users should keep this command in mind, when

killing a line. It is recommended not to use "C-a" as the

screen escape key or to rebind kill to "C-a K".

SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 32 User Commands SCREEN(1) lastmsg Redisplay the last contents of the message/status line. Useful if you're typing when a message appears, because the message goes away when you press a key (unless your terminal has a hardware status line). Refer to the commands "msgwait" and "msgminwait" for fine tuning. license

Display the disclaimer page. This is done whenever screen is

started without options, which should be often enough. See

also the "startup_message" command.

lockscreen

Lock this display. Call a screenlock program

(/local/bin/lck or /usr/bin/lock or a builtin if no other is available). Screen does not accept any command keys until this program terminates. Meanwhile processes in the windows may continue, as the windows are in the `detached' state.

The screenlock program may be changed through the environ-

ment variable $LOCKPRG (which must be set in the shell from

which screen is started) and is executed with the user's uid

and gid. Warning: When you leave other shells unlocked and you have

no password set on screen, the lock is void: One could

easily re-attach from an unlocked shell. This feature should

rather be called `lockterminal'. log [on|off] Start/stop writing output of the current window to a file

"screenlog.n" in the window's default directory, where n is

the number of the current window. This filename can be changed with the `logfile' command. If no parameter is given, the state of logging is toggled. The session log is appended to the previous contents of the file if it already

exists. The current contents and the contents of the scroll-

back history are not included in the session log. Default is `off'. logfile filename logfile flush secs Defines the name the logfiles will get. The default is

"screenlog.%n". The second form changes the number of

seconds screen will wait before flushing the logfile buffer

to the file-system. The default value is 10 seconds.

SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 33 User Commands SCREEN(1) login [on|off] Adds or removes the entry in the utmp database file for the current window. This controls if the window is `logged in'. When no parameter is given, the login state of the window is

toggled. Additionally to that toggle, it is convenient hav-

ing a `log in' and a `log out' key. E.g. `bind I login on'

and `bind O login off' will map these keys to be C-a I and

C-a O. The default setting (in config.h.in) should be "on"

for a screen that runs under suid-root. Use the "deflogin"

command to change the default login state for new windows.

Both commands are only present when screen has been compiled

with utmp support. logtstamp [on|off] logtstamp after [secs] logtstamp string [string]

This command controls logfile time-stamp mechanism of

screen. If time-stamps are turned "on", screen adds a string

containing the current time to the logfile after two minutes of inactivity. When output continues and more than another

two minutes have passed, a second time-stamp is added to

document the restart of the output. You can change this timeout with the second form of the command. The third form

is used for customizing the time-stamp string (`-- %n:%t --

time-stamp -- %M/%d/%y %c:%s --\n' by default).

mapdefault

Tell screen that the next input character should only be

looked up in the default bindkey table. See also "bindkey". mapnotnext Like mapdefault, but don't even look in the default bindkey table. maptimeout [timo]

Set the inter-character timer for input sequence detection

to a timeout of timo ms. The default timeout is 300ms. Map-

timeout with no arguments shows the current setting. See also "bindkey". markkeys string This is a method of changing the keymap used for copy/history mode. The string is made up of oldchar=newchar pairs which are separated by `:'. Example: The string

"B=^B:F=^F" will change the keys `C-b' and `C-f' to the vi

style binding (scroll up/down fill page). This happens to SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 34 User Commands SCREEN(1)

be the default binding for `B' and `F'. The command "mark-

keys h=^B:l=^F:$=^E" would set the mode for an emacs-style

binding. If your terminal sends characters, that cause you to abort copy mode, then this command may help by binding

these characters to do nothing. The no-op character is `@'

and is used like this: "markkeys @=L=H" if you do not want to use the `H' or `L' commands any longer. As shown in this example, multiple keys can be assigned to one function in a single statement. maxwin num

Set the maximum window number screen will create. Doesn't

affect already existing windows. The number may only be decreased. meta

Insert the command character (C-a) in the current window's

input stream. monitor [on|off] Toggles activity monitoring of windows. When monitoring is

turned on and an affected window is switched into the back-

ground, you will receive the activity notification message

in the status line at the first sign of output and the win-

dow will also be marked with an `@' in the window-status

display. Monitoring is initially off for all windows. msgminwait sec

Defines the time screen delays a new message when one mes-

sage is currently displayed. The default is 1 second. msgwait sec

Defines the time a message is displayed if screen is not

disturbed by other activity. The default is 5 seconds. multiuser on|off Switch between singleuser and multiuser mode. Standard

screen operation is singleuser. In multiuser mode the com-

mands `acladd', `aclchg', `aclgrp' and `acldel' can be used

to enable (and disable) other users accessing this screen

session. nethack on|off

Changes the kind of error messages used by screen. When you

are familiar with the game "nethack", you may enjoy the SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 35 User Commands SCREEN(1)

nethack-style messages which will often blur the facts a

little, but are much funnier to read. Anyway, standard mes-

sages often tend to be unclear as well.

This option is only available if screen was compiled with

the NETHACK flag defined. The default setting is then deter-

mined by the presence of the environment variable

$NETHACKOPTIONS.

Switch to the next window. This command can be used repeat-

edly to cycle through the list of windows. nonblock [on|off|numsecs

Tell screen how to deal with user interfaces (displays) that

cease to accept output. This can happen if a user presses ^S or a TCP/modem connection gets cut but no hangup is

received. If nonblock is off (this is the default) screen

waits until the display restarts to accept the output. If

nonblock is on, screen waits until the timeout is reached

(on is treated as 1s). If the display still doesn't receive

characters, screen will consider it "blocked" and stop send-

ing characters to it. If at some time it restarts to accept

characters, screen will unblock the display and redisplay

the updated window contents. number [n] Change the current windows number. If the given number n is already used by another window, both windows exchange their numbers. If no argument is specified, the current window number (and title) is shown. obuflimit [limit] If the output buffer contains more bytes than the specified limit, no more data will be read from the windows. The default value is 256. If you have a fast display (like xterm), you can set it to some higher value. If no argument is specified, the current setting is displayed. only Kill all regions but the current one. other Switch to the window displayed previously. If this window does no longer exist, other has the same effect as next. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 36 User Commands SCREEN(1) partial on|off Defines whether the display should be refreshed (as with

redisplay) after switching to the current window. This com-

mand only affects the current window. To immediately affect all windows use the allpartial command. Default is `off', of course. This default is fixed, as there is currently no defpartial command.

password [crypted_pw]

Present a crypted password in your ".screenrc" file and

screen will ask for it, whenever someone attempts to resume

a detached. This is useful if you have privileged programs

running under screen and you want to protect your session

from reattach attempts by another user masquerading as your

uid (i.e. any superuser.) If no crypted password is speci-

fied, screen prompts twice for typing a password and places

its encryption in the paste buffer. Default is `none', this disables password checking.

paste [registers [dest_reg]]

Write the (concatenated) contents of the specified registers to the stdin queue of the current window. The register '.' is treated as the paste buffer. If no parameter is given the user is prompted for a single register to paste. The paste

buffer can be filled with the copy, history and readbuf com-

mands. Other registers can be filled with the register, readreg and paste commands. If paste is called with a second argument, the contents of the specified registers is pasted into the named destination register rather than the window. If '.' is used as the second argument, the displays paste buffer is the destination. Note, that "paste" uses a wide variety of resources: Whenever a second argument is specified no current window is needed. When the source specification only contains registers (not the paste buffer) then there need not be a current display (terminal attached), as the registers are a global resource. The paste buffer exists once for every user. pastefont [on|off]

Tell screen to include font information in the paste buffer.

The default is not to do so. This command is especially use-

ful for multi character fonts like kanji.

pow_break

Reopen the window's terminal line and send a break condi-

tion. See `break'. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 37 User Commands SCREEN(1)

pow_detach

Power detach. Mainly the same as detach, but also sends a

HANGUP signal to the parent process of screen. CAUTION:

This will result in a logout, when screen was started from

your login shell.

pow_detach_msg [message]

The message specified here is output whenever a `Power detach' was performed. It may be used as a replacement for a

logout message or to reset baud rate, etc. Without parame-

ter, the current message is shown. prev

Switch to the window with the next lower number. This com-

mand can be used repeatedly to cycle through the list of windows. printcmd [cmd]

If cmd is not an empty string, screen will not use the ter-

minal capabilities "po/pf" if it detects an ansi print sequence ESC [ 5 i, but pipe the output into cmd. This should normally be a command like "lpr" or "'cat > /tmp/scrprint'". printcmd without a command displays the current setting. The ansi sequence ESC \ ends printing and closes the pipe. Warning: Be careful with this command! If other user have write access to your terminal, they will be able to fire off print commands. process [key]

Stuff the contents of the specified register into screen's

input queue. If no argument is given you are prompted for a register name. The text is parsed as if it had been typed in from the user's keyboard. This command can be used to bind multiple actions to a single key. quit

Kill all windows and terminate screen. Note that on VT100-

style terminals the keys C-4 and C-\ are identical. This

makes the default bindings dangerous: Be careful not to

type C-a C-4 when selecting window no. 4. Use the empty

bind command (as in "bind '^\'") to remove a key binding.

readbuf [-e encoding] [filename]

SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 38 User Commands SCREEN(1) Reads the contents of the specified file into the paste

buffer. You can tell screen the encoding of the file via

the -e option. If no file is specified, the screen-exchange

filename is used. See also "bufferfile" command.

readreg [-e encoding] [register [filename]]

Does one of two things, dependent on number of arguments: with zero or one arguments it it duplicates the paste buffer contents into the register specified or entered at the prompt. With two arguments it reads the contents of the named file into the register, just as readbuf reads the

screen-exchange file into the paste buffer. You can tell

screen the encoding of the file via the -e option. The fol-

lowing example will paste the system's password file into

the screen window (using register p, where a copy remains):

C-a : readreg p /etc/passwd

C-a : paste p

redisplay Redisplay the current window. Needed to get a full redisplay when in partial redraw mode.

Save the specified string to the register key. The encoding

of the string can be specified via the -e option. See also

the "paste" command. remove

Kill the current region. This is a no-op if there is only

one region. removebuf

Unlinks the screen-exchange file used by the commands "wri-

tebuf" and "readbuf". reset

Reset the virtual terminal to its "power-on" values. Useful

when strange settings (like scroll regions or graphics char-

acter set) are left over from an application. resize Resize the current region. The space will be removed from or added to the region below or if there's not enough space from the region above. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 39 User Commands SCREEN(1) resize +N increase current region height by N

resize -N decrease current region height by N

resize N set current region height to N resize = make all windows equally high resize max maximize current region height resize min minimize current region height

screen [-opts] [n] [cmd [args]]

Establish a new window. The flow-control options (-f, -fn

and -fa), title (a.k.a.) option (-t), login options (-l and

-ln) , terminal type option (-T ), the all-

capability-flag (-a) and scrollback option (-h ) may be

specified with each command. The option (-M) turns monitor-

ing on for this window. The option (-L) turns output log-

ging on for this window. If an optional number n in the range 0..9 is given, the window number n is assigned to the

newly created window (or, if this number is already in-use,

the next available number). If a command is specified after

"screen", this command (with the given arguments) is started

in the window; otherwise, a shell is created. Thus, if your

".screenrc" contains the lines

# example for .screenrc:

screen 1

screen -fn -t foobar -L 2 telnet foobar

screen creates a shell window (in window #1) and a window

with a TELNET connection to the machine foobar (with no

flow-control using the title "foobar" in window #2) and will

write a logfile ("screenlog.2") of the telnet session.

Note, that unlike previous versions of screen no additional

default window is created when "screen" commands are

included in your ".screenrc" file. When the initialization

is completed, screen switches to the last window specified

in your .screenrc file or, if none, opens a default window

#0.

Screen has built in some functionality of "cu" and "telnet". See also chapter "WINDOW TYPES". scrollback num

Set the size of the scrollback buffer for the current win-

dows to num lines. The default scrollback is 100 lines. See

also the "defscrollback" command and use "C-a i" to view the

current setting. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 40 User Commands SCREEN(1) select [WindowID] Switch to the window identified by WindowID. This can be a prefix of a window title (alphanumeric window name) or a window number. The parameter is optional and if omitted, you get prompted for an identifier. When a new window is established, the first available number is assigned to this window. Thus, the first window can be activated by "select

0". The number of windows is limited at compile-time by the

MAXWIN configuration parameter. There are two special Win-

dowIDs, "-" selects the internal blank window and "."

selects the current window. The latter is useful if used

with screen's "-X" option.

sessionname [name]

Rename the current session. Note, that for "screen -list"

the name shows up with the process-id prepended. If the

argument "name" is omitted, the name of this session is

displayed. Caution: The $STY environment variables still

reflects the old name. This may result in confusion. The default is constructed from the tty and host names. setenv [var [string]] Set the environment variable var to value string. If only var is specified, the user will be prompted to enter a value. If no parameters are specified, the user will be prompted for both variable and value. The environment is inherited by all subsequently forked shells. setsid [on|off]

Normally screen uses different sessions and process groups

for the windows. If setsid is turned off, this is not done anymore and all windows will be in the same process group as

the screen backend process. This also breaks job-control, so

be careful. The default is on, of course. This command is probably useful only in rare circumstances. shell command Set the command to be used to create a new shell. This

overrides the value of the environment variable $SHELL.

This is useful if you'd like to run a tty-enhancer which is

expecting to execute the program specified in $SHELL. If the

command begins with a '-' character, the shell will be

started as a login-shell.

shelltitle title SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 41 User Commands SCREEN(1) Set the title for all shells created during startup or by

the C-A C-c command. For details about what a title is, see

the discussion entitled "TITLES (naming windows)". silence [on|off|sec] Toggles silence monitoring of windows. When silence is

turned on and an affected window is switched into the back-

ground, you will receive the silence notification message in the status line after a specified period of inactivity (silence). The default timeout can be changed with the `silencewait' command or by specifying a number of seconds instead of `on' or `off'. Silence is initially off for all windows. silencewait sec Define the time that all windows monitored for silence should wait before displaying a message. Default 30 seconds. sleep num

This command will pause the execution of a .screenrc file

for num seconds. Keyboard activity will end the sleep. It

may be used to give users a chance to read the messages out-

put by "echo". slowpaste msec Define the speed at which text is inserted into the current

window by the paste ("C-a ]") command. If the slowpaste

value is nonzero text is written character by character.

screen will make a pause of msec milliseconds after each

single character write to allow the application to process its input. Only use slowpaste if your underlying system exposes flow control problems while pasting large amounts of text. source file Read and execute commands from file file. Source commands may be nested to a maximum recursion level of ten. If file

is not an absolute path and screen is already processing a

source command, the parent directory of the running source command file is used to search for the new command file

before screen's current directory.

Note that termcap/terminfo/termcapinfo commands only work at startup and reattach time, so they must be reached via the

default screenrc files to have an effect.

SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 42 User Commands SCREEN(1) sorendition [attr [color]]

Change the way screen does highlighting for text marking and

printing messages. See the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter for the syntax of the modifiers. The default is currently "=s dd" (standout, default colors). split Split the current region into two new ones. All regions on the display are resized to make room for the new region. The blank window is displayed on the new region. Use the "remove" or the "only" command to delete regions.

startup_message on|off

Select whether you want to see the copyright notice during startup. Default is `on', as you probably noticed. stuff string Stuff the string string in the input buffer of the current window. This is like the "paste" command but with much less overhead. You cannot paste large buffers with the "stuff"

command. It is most useful for key bindings. See also "bind-

key". su [username [password [password2]] Substitute the user of a display. The command prompts for all parameters that are omitted. If passwords are specified

as parameters, they have to be specified un-crypted. The

first password is matched against the systems passwd data-

base, the second password is matched against the screen

password as set with the commands "acladd" or "password".

"Su" may be useful for the screen administrator to test mul-

tiuser setups. When the identification fails, the user has access to the commands available for user nobody. These are "detach", "license", "version", "help" and "displays". suspend

Suspend screen. The windows are in the `detached' state,

while screen is suspended. This feature relies on the shell

being able to do job control. term term

In each window's environment screen opens, the $TERM vari-

able is set to "screen" by default. But when no description

for "screen" is installed in the local termcap or terminfo

data base, you set $TERM to - say - "vt100". This won't do

SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 43 User Commands SCREEN(1)

much harm, as screen is VT100/ANSI compatible. The use of

the "term" command is discouraged for non-default purpose.

That is, one may want to specify special $TERM settings

(e.g. vt100) for the next "screen rlogin othermachine" com-

mand. Use the command "screen -T vt100 rlogin othermachine"

rather than setting and resetting the default.

termcap term terminal-tweaks [window-tweaks]

terminfo term terminal-tweaks [window-tweaks]

termcapinfo term terminal-tweaks [window-tweaks]

Use this command to modify your terminal's termcap entry without going through all the hassles involved in creating a custom termcap entry. Plus, you can optionally customize the termcap generated for the windows. You have to place

these commands in one of the screenrc startup files, as they

are meaningless once the terminal emulator is booted. If your system works uses the terminfo database rather than

termcap, screen will understand the `terminfo' command,

which has the same effects as the `termcap' command. Two

separate commands are provided, as there are subtle syntac-

tic differences, e.g. when parameter interpolation (using

`%') is required. Note that termcap names of the capabili-

ties have to be used with the `terminfo' command.

In many cases, where the arguments are valid in both ter-

minfo and termcap syntax, you can use the command `termcapinfo', which is just a shorthand for a pair of `termcap' and `terminfo' commands with identical arguments. The first argument specifies which terminal(s) should be

affected by this definition. You can specify multiple ter-

minal names by separating them with `|'s. Use `*' to match all terminals and `vt*' to match all terminals that begin with "vt". Each tweak argument contains one or more termcap defines (separated by `:'s) to be inserted at the start of the

appropriate termcap entry, enhancing it or overriding exist-

ing values. The first tweak modifies your terminal's termcap, and contains definitions that your terminal uses to perform certain functions. Specify a null string to leave

this unchanged (e.g. ''). The second (optional) tweak modi-

fies all the window termcaps, and should contain definitions

that screen understands (see the "VIRTUAL TERMINAL" sec-

tion). Some examples: termcap xterm* LP:hs@

Informs screen that all terminals that begin with `xterm'

have firm auto-margins that allow the last position on the

SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 44 User Commands SCREEN(1)

screen to be updated (LP), but they don't really have a

status line (no 'hs' - append `@' to turn entries off).

Note that we assume `LP' for all terminal names that start with "vt", but only if you don't specify a termcap command for that terminal. termcap vt* LP termcap vt102|vt220 Z0=\E[?3h:Z1=\E[?3l

Specifies the firm-margined `LP' capability for all termi-

nals that begin with `vt', and the second line will also add

the escape-sequences to switch into (Z0) and back out of

(Z1) 132-character-per-line mode if this is a VT102 or

VT220. (You must specify Z0 and Z1 in your termcap to use

the width-changing commands.)

termcap vt100 "" l0=PF1:l1=PF2:l2=PF3:l3=PF4 This leaves your vt100 termcap alone and adds the function key labels to each window's termcap entry. termcap h19|z19 am@:im=\E@:ei=\EO dc=\E[P

Takes a h19 or z19 termcap and turns off auto-margins (am@)

and enables the insert mode (im) and end-insert (ei) capa-

bilities (the `@' in the `im' string is after the `=', so it

is part of the string). Having the `im' and `ei' defini-

tions put into your terminal's termcap will cause screen to

automatically advertise the character-insert capability in

each window's termcap. Each window will also get the

delete-character capability (dc) added to its termcap, which

screen will translate into a line-update for the terminal

(we're pretending it doesn't support character deletion). If you would like to fully specify each window's termcap

entry, you should instead set the $SCREENCAP variable prior

to running screen. See the discussion on the "VIRTUAL TER-

MINAL" in this manual, and the termcap(5) man page for more information on termcap definitions. time [string] Uses the message line to display the time of day, the host name, and the load averages over 1, 5, and 15 minutes (if this is available on your system). For window specific information use "info". If a string is specified, it changes the format of the time report like it is described in the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter.

Screen uses a default of "%c:%s %M %d %H%? %l%?".

SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 45 User Commands SCREEN(1) title [windowtitle] Set the name of the current window to windowtitle. If no

name is specified, screen prompts for one. This command was

known as `aka' in previous releases. unsetenv var Unset an environment variable. utf8 [on|off [on|off]] Change the encoding used in the current window. If utf8 is

enabled, the strings sent to the window will be UTF-8

encoded and vice versa. Omitting the parameter toggles the setting. If a second parameter is given, the display's encoding is also changed (this should rather be done with

screen's "-U" option). See also "defutf8", which changes

the default setting of a new window. vbell [on|off] Sets the visual bell setting for this window. Omitting the parameter toggles the setting. If vbell is switched on, but

your terminal does not support a visual bell, a `vbell-

message' is displayed in the status line when the bell char-

acter (^G) is received. Visual bell support of a terminal is defined by the termcap variable `vb' (terminfo: 'flash'). Per default, vbell is off, thus the audible bell is used.

Define a delay in seconds after each display of screen's

visual bell message. The default is 1 second. verbose [on|off]

If verbose is switched on, the command name is echoed, when-

ever a window is created (or resurrected from zombie state). Default is off. Without parameter, the current setting is shown. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 46 User Commands SCREEN(1) version Print the current version and the compile date in the status line. wall message Write a message to all displays. The message will appear in the terminal's status line.

width [-w|-d] [cols [lines]]

Toggle the window width between 80 and 132 columns or set it to cols columns if an argument is specified. This requires a capable terminal and the termcap entries "Z0" and "Z1". See the "termcap" command for more information. You can also specify a new height if you want to change both values. The

-w option tells screen to leave the display size unchanged

and just set the window size, -d vice versa.

windowlist [-b] [-m]

windowlist string [string] windowlist title [title] Display all windows in a table for visual window selection. The desired window can be selected via the standard movement keys (see the "copy" command) and activated via the return

key. If the -b option is given, screen will switch to the

blank window before presenting the list, so that the current

window is also selectable. The -m option changes the order

of the windows, instead of sorting by window numbers screen

uses its internal most-recently-used list.

The table format can be changed with the string and title option, the title is displayed as table heading, while the

lines are made by using the string setting. The default set-

ting is "Num Name%=Flags" for the title and "%3n %t%=%f" for

the lines. See the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter for more codes (e.g. color settings). windows Uses the message line to display a list of all the windows. Each window is listed by number with the name of process that has been started in the window (or its title); the current window is marked with a `*'; the previous window is

marked with a `-'; all the windows that are "logged in" are

marked with a `$'; a background window that has received a

bell is marked with a `!'; a background window that is being monitored and has had activity occur is marked with an `@'; a window which has output logging turned on is marked with `(L)'; windows occupied by other users are marked with `&'; SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 47 User Commands SCREEN(1) windows in the zombie state are marked with `Z'. If this list is too long to fit on the terminal's status line only the portion around the current window is displayed. wrap [on|off]

Sets the line-wrap setting for the current window. When

line-wrap is on, the second consecutive printable character

output at the last column of a line will wrap to the start of the following line. As an added feature, backspace (^H) will also wrap through the left margin to the previous line. Default is `on'.

writebuf [-e encoding] [filename]

Writes the contents of the paste buffer to the specified

file, or the public accessible screen-exchange file if no

filename is given. This is thought of as a primitive means

of communication between screen users on the same host. If

an encoding is specified the paste buffer is recoded on the fly to match the encoding. The filename can be set with the

bufferfile command and defaults to "/tmp/screen-exchange".

writelock [on|off|auto] In addition to access control lists, not all users may be

able to write to the same window at once. Per default, wri-

telock is in `auto' mode and grants exclusive input permis-

sion to the user who is the first to switch to the particu-

lar window. When he leaves the window, other users may obtain the writelock (automatically). The writelock of the current window is disabled by the command "writelock off". If the user issues the command "writelock on" he keeps the exclusive write permission while switching to other windows. xoff xon

Insert a CTRL-s / CTRL-q character to the stdin queue of the

current window. zmodem [off|auto|catch|pass] zmodem sendcmd [string] zmodem recvcmd [string]

Define zmodem support for screen. Screen understands two

different modes when it detects a zmodem request: "pass" and

"catch". If the mode is set to "pass", screen will relay

all data to the attacher until the end of the transmission

is reached. In "catch" mode screen acts as a zmodem end-

point and starts the corresponding rz/sz commands. If the

mode is set to "auto", screen will use "catch" if the window

SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 48 User Commands SCREEN(1) is a tty (e.g. a serial line), otherwise it will use "pass".

You can define the templates screen uses in "catch" mode via

the second and the third form. Note also that this is an experimental feature. zombie [keys] defzombie [keys]

Per default screen windows are removed from the window list

as soon as the windows process (e.g. shell) exits. When a string of two keys is specified to the zombie command, `dead' windows will remain in the list. The kill command may be used to remove such a window. Pressing the first key in the dead window has the same effect. When pressing the

second key, screen will attempt to resurrect the window. The

process that was initially running in the window will be launched again. Calling zombie without parameters will clear the zombie setting, thus making windows disappear when their process exits.

As the zombie-setting is manipulated globally for all win-

dows, this command should only be called defzombie. Until we need this as a per window setting, the commands zombie and defzombie are synonymous. THE MESSAGE LINE Screen displays informational messages and other diagnostics in a message line. While this line is distributed to appear

at the bottom of the screen, it can be defined to appear at

the top of the screen during compilation. If your terminal

has a status line defined in its termcap, screen will use

this for displaying its messages, otherwise a line of the

current screen will be temporarily overwritten and output

will be momentarily interrupted. The message line is automatically removed after a few seconds delay, but it can also be removed early (on terminals without a status line) by beginning to type.

The message line facility can be used by an application run-

ning in the current window by means of the ANSI Privacy mes-

sage control sequence. For instance, from within the shell, try something like:

echo '^Hello world from window '$WINDOW'\\'

where '' is an escape, '^' is a literal up-arrow, and

'\\' turns into a single backslash. WINDOW TYPES Screen provides three different window types. New windows SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 49 User Commands SCREEN(1)

are created with screen's screen command (see also the entry

in chapter "CUSTOMIZATION"). The first parameter to the

screen command defines which type of window is created. The

different window types are all special cases of the normal

type. They have been added in order to allow screen to be

used efficiently as a console multiplexer with 100 or more windows.

+o The normal window contains a shell (default, if no param-

eter is given) or any other system command that could be executed from a shell (e.g. slogin, etc...) +o If a tty (character special device) name (e.g. "/dev/ttya") is specified as the first parameter, then the window is directly connected to this device. This

window type is similar to "screen cu -l /dev/ttya". Read

and write access is required on the device node, an

exclusive open is attempted on the node to mark the con-

nection line as busy. An optional parameter is allowed consisting of a comma separated list of flags in the notation used by stty(1):

Usually 300, 1200, 9600 or 19200. This affects transmission as well as receive speed. cs8 or cs7 Specify the transmission of eight (or seven) bits per byte.

ixon or -ixon

Enables (or disables) software flow-control (CTRL-

S/CTRL-Q) for sending data.

ixoff or -ixon

Enables (or disables) software flow-control for

receiving data.

istrip or -istrip

Clear (or keep) the eight bit in each received byte. You may want to specify as many of these options as applicable. Unspecified options cause the terminal driver to make up the parameter values of the connection. These values are system dependant and may be in defaults or values saved from a previous connection. For tty windows, the info command shows some of the modem control lines in the status line. These may include `RTS', `CTS', 'DTR', `DSR', `CD' and more. This depends SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 50 User Commands SCREEN(1) on the available ioctl()'s and system header files as well as the on the physical capabilities of the serial board. Signals that are logical low (inactive) have their name preceded by an exclamation mark (!), otherwise the signal is logical high (active). Signals not supported by the hardware but available to the ioctl() interface are usually shown low. When the CLOCAL status bit is true, the whole set of modem signals is placed inside curly braces ({ and }). When the CRTSCTS or TIOCSOFTCAR bit is set, the signals `CTS' or `CD' are shown in parenthesis, respectively. For tty windows, the command break causes the Data transmission line (TxD) to go low for a specified period

of time. This is expected to be interpreted as break sig-

nal on the other side. No data is sent and no modem con-

trol line is changed when a break is issued.

+o If the first parameter is "//telnet", the second parame-

ter is expected to be a host name, and an optional third parameter may specify a TCP port number (default decimal 23). Screen will connect to a server listening on the remote host and use the telnet protocol to communicate with that server. For telnet windows, the command info shows details about the connection in square brackets ([ and ]) at the end of the status line. b BINARY. The connection is in binary mode. e ECHO. Local echo is disabled. c SGA. The connection is in `character mode' (default: `line mode'). t TTYPE. The terminal type has been requested by the

remote host. Screen sends the name "screen" unless

instructed otherwise (see also the command `term'). w NAWS. The remote site is notified about window size changes.

f LFLOW. The remote host will send flow control infor-

mation. (Ignored at the moment.) Additional flags for debugging are x, t and n (XDISPLOC, TSPEED and NEWENV). For telnet windows, the command break sends the telnet code IAC BREAK (decimal 243) to the remote host. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 51 User Commands SCREEN(1)

This window type is only available if screen was compiled

with the BUILTIN_TELNET option defined.

STRING ESCAPES Screen provides an escape mechanism to insert information like the current time into messages or file names. The

escape character is '%' with one exception: inside of a

window's hardstatus '^%' ('^E') is used instead.

Here is the full list of supported escapes:

% the escape character itself

a either 'am' or 'pm' A either 'AM' or 'PM' c current time HH:MM in 24h format C current time HH:MM in 12h format d day number D weekday name f flags of the window

F sets %? to true if the window has the focus

h hardstatus of the window H hostname of the system l current load of the system m month number M month name n window number s seconds t window title u all other users on this window

w all window numbers and names. With '-' quailifier: up

to the current window; with '+' qualifier: starting with the window after the current one. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 52 User Commands SCREEN(1) W all window numbers and names except the current one y last two digits of the year number Y full year number

? the part to the next '%?' is displayed only if a '%'

escape inside the part expands to a non-empty string

: else part of '%?'

= pad the string to the display's width (like TeX's hfill). If a number is specified, pad to the percentage

of the window's width. A '0' qualifier tells screen to

treat the number as absolute position. You can specify to pad relative to the last absolute pad position by adding a '+' qualifier or to pad relative to the right

margin by using '-'. The padding truncates the string

if the specified position lies before the current posi-

tion. Add the 'L' qualifier to change this.

< same as '%=' but just do truncation, do not fill with

spaces > mark the current text position for the next truncation.

When screen needs to do truncation, it tries to do it

in a way that the marked position gets moved to the specified percentage of the output area. (The area starts from the last absolute pad position and ends

with the position specified by the truncation opera-

tor.) The 'L' qualifier tells screen to mark the trun-

cated parts with '...'. { attribute/color modifier string terminated by the next "}" ` Substitute with the output of a 'backtick' command. The

length qualifier is misused to identify one of the com-

mands. The 'c' and 'C' escape may be qualified with a '0' to make

screen use zero instead of space as fill character. The '0'

qualifier also makes the '=' escape use absolute positions. The 'n' and '=' escapes understand a length qualifier (e.g.

'%3n'), 'D' and 'M' can be prefixed with 'L' to generate

long names, 'w' and 'W' also show the window flags if 'L' is given.

An attribute/color modifier is is used to change the attri-

butes or the color settings. Its format is "[attribute modifier] [color description]". The attribute modifier must be prefixed by a change type indicator if it can be confused SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 53 User Commands SCREEN(1) with a color desciption. The following change types are known: + add the specified set to the current attributes

- remove the set from the current attributes

! invert the set in the current attributes = change the current attributes to the specified set The attribute set can either be specified as a hexadecimal number or a combination of the following letters: d dim u underline b bold r reverse s standout B blinking Colors are coded either as a hexadecimal number or two letters specifying the desired background and foreground color (in that order). The following colors are known: k black r red g green y yellow b blue m magenta c cyan w white d default color . leave color unchanged The capitalized versions of the letter specify bright

colors. You can also use the pseudo-color 'i' to set just

the brightness and leave the color unchanged.

A one digit/letter color description is treated as fore-

ground or background color dependant on the current attri-

butes: if reverse mode is set, the background color is changed instead of the foreground color. If you don't like this, prefix the color with a ".". If you want the same

behaviour for two-letter color descriptions, also prefix

them with a ".".

As a special case, "%{-}" restores the attributes and colors

that were set before the last change was made (i.e. pops one

level of the color-change stack).

Examples: "" .nr )I G""n SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 54 User Commands SCREEN(1) set color to bright green use bold red clear all attributes, write in default color on yellow background.

%-Lw%{= BW}%50>%n%f* %t%{-}%+Lw%<

The available windows centered at the current window

and truncated to the available width. The current win-

dow is displayed white on blue. This can be used with "hardstatus alwayslastline".

%?%F%{.R.}%?%3n %t%? [%h]%?

The window number and title and the window's hardstatus, if one is set. Also use a red background if this is the active focus. Useful for "caption string".

FLOW-CONTROL

Each window has a flow-control setting that determines how

screen deals with the XON and XOFF characters (and perhaps

the interrupt character). When flow-control is turned off,

screen ignores the XON and XOFF characters, which allows the

user to send them to the current program by simply typing them (useful for the emacs editor, for instance). The

trade-off is that it will take longer for output from a

"normal" program to pause in response to an XOFF. With

flow-control turned on, XON and XOFF characters are used to

immediately pause the output of the current window. You can still send these characters to the current program, but you

must use the appropriate two-character screen commands (typ-

ically "C-a q" (xon) and "C-a s" (xoff)). The xon/xoff com-

mands are also useful for typing C-s and C-q past a terminal

that intercepts these characters.

Each window has an initial flow-control value set with

either the -f option or the "defflow" .screenrc command. Per

default the windows are set to automatic flow-switching. It

can then be toggled between the three states 'fixed on', 'fixed off' and 'automatic' interactively with the "flow"

command bound to "C-a f".

The automatic flow-switching mode deals with flow control

using the TIOCPKT mode (like "rlogin" does). If the tty

driver does not support TIOCPKT, screen tries to find out

the right mode based on the current setting of the applica-

tion keypad - when it is enabled, flow-control is turned off

and visa versa. Of course, you can still manipulate flow-

control manually when needed. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 55 User Commands SCREEN(1)

If you're running with flow-control enabled and find that

pressing the interrupt key (usually C-c) does not interrupt

the display until another 6-8 lines have scrolled by, try

running screen with the "interrupt" option (add the "inter-

rupt" flag to the "flow" command in your .screenrc, or use

the -i command-line option). This causes the output that

screen has accumulated from the interrupted program to be

flushed. One disadvantage is that the virtual terminal's

memory contains the non-flushed version of the output, which

in rare cases can cause minor inaccuracies in the output.

For example, if you switch screens and return, or update the

screen with "C-a l" you would see the version of the output

you would have gotten without "interrupt" being on. Also,

you might need to turn off flow-control (or use auto-flow

mode to turn it off automatically) when running a program that expects you to type the interrupt character as input, as it is possible to interrupt the output of the virtual

terminal to your physical terminal when flow-control is

enabled. If this happens, a simple refresh of the screen

with "C-a l" will restore it. Give each mode a try, and use

whichever mode you find more comfortable. TITLES (naming windows) You can customize each window's name in the window display

(viewed with the "windows" command (C-a w)) by setting it

with one of the title commands. Normally the name displayed is the actual command name of the program created in the window. However, it is sometimes useful to distinguish

various programs of the same name or to change the name on-

the-fly to reflect the current state of the window.

The default name for all shell windows can be set with the

"shelltitle" command in the .screenrc file, while all other

windows are created with a "screen" command and thus can

have their name set with the -t option. Interactively,

there is the title-string escape-sequence (kname\)

and the "title" command (C-a A). The former can be output

from an application to control the window's name under software control, and the latter will prompt for a name when

typed. You can also bind pre-defined names to keys with the

"title" command to set things quickly without prompting.

Finally, screen has a shell-specific heuristic that is

enabled by setting the window's name to "search|name" and

arranging to have a null title escape-sequence output as a

part of your prompt. The search portion specifies an end-

of-prompt search string, while the name portion specifies

the default shell name for the window. If the name ends in

a `:' screen will add what it believes to be the current

command running in the window to the end of the window's SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 56 User Commands SCREEN(1) shell name (e.g. "name:cmd"). Otherwise the current command name supersedes the shell name while it is running. Here's how it works: you must modify your shell prompt to

output a null title-escape-sequence (k\) as a part

of your prompt. The last part of your prompt must be the same as the string you specified for the search portion of

the title. Once this is set up, screen will use the title-

escape-sequence to clear the previous command name and get

ready for the next command. Then, when a newline is received from the shell, a search is made for the end of the prompt. If found, it will grab the first word after the

matched string and use it as the command name. If the com-

mand name begins with either '!', '%', or '^' screen will

use the first word on the following line (if found) in

preference to the just-found name. This helps csh users get

better command names when using job control or history recall commands.

Here's some .screenrc examples:

screen -t top 2 nice top

Adding this line to your .screenrc would start a nice-d ver-

sion of the "top" command in window 2 named "top" rather than "nice". shelltitle '> |csh'

screen 1

These commands would start a shell with the given shellti-

tle. The title specified is an auto-title that would expect

the prompt and the typed command to look something like the following: /usr/joe/src/dir> trn (it looks after the '> ' for the command name). The window

status would show the name "trn" while the command was run-

ning, and revert to "csh" upon completion.

bind R screen -t '% |root:' su

Having this command in your .screenrc would bind the key

sequence "C-a R" to the "su" command and give it an auto-

title name of "root:". For this auto-title to work, the

screen could look something like this:

% !em

emacs file.c Here the user typed the csh history command "!em" which ran SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 57 User Commands SCREEN(1) the previously entered "emacs" command. The window status would show "root:emacs" during the execution of the command, and revert to simply "root:" at its completion. bind o title bind E title "" bind u title (unknown) The first binding doesn't have any arguments, so it would

prompt you for a title. when you type "C-a o". The second

binding would clear an auto-title's current setting (C-a E).

The third binding would set the current window's title to

"(unknown)" (C-a u).

One thing to keep in mind when adding a null title-escape-

sequence to your prompt is that some shells (like the csh)

count all the non-control characters as part of the prompt's

length. If these invisible characters aren't a multiple of 8 then backspacing over a tab will result in an incorrect display. One way to get around this is to use a prompt like this:

set prompt='^[[0000m^[k^[\% '

The escape-sequence "[0000m" not only normalizes the

character attributes, but all the zeros round the length of the invisible characters up to 8. Bash users will probably

want to echo the escape sequence in the PROMPT_COMMAND:

PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -n -e "\033k\033\134"'

(I used "134" to output a `\' because of a bug in bash v1.04). THE VIRTUAL TERMINAL

Each window in a screen session emulates a VT100 terminal,

with some extra functions added. The VT100 emulator is

hard-coded, no other terminal types can be emulated.

Usually screen tries to emulate as much of the VT100/ANSI

standard as possible. But if your terminal lacks certain capabilities, the emulation may not be complete. In these

cases screen has to tell the applications that some of the

features are missing. This is no problem on machines using

termcap, because screen can use the $TERMCAP variable to

customize the standard screen termcap.

But if you do a rlogin on another machine or your machine supports only terminfo this method fails. Because of this,

screen offers a way to deal with these cases. Here is how it

works: SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 58 User Commands SCREEN(1)

When screen tries to figure out a terminal name for itself,

it first looks for an entry named "screen.", where

is the contents of your $TERM variable. If no such

entry exists, screen tries "screen" (or "screen-w" if the

terminal is wide (132 cols or more)). If even this entry cannot be found, "vt100" is used as a substitute.

The idea is that if you have a terminal which doesn't sup-

port an important feature (e.g. delete char or clear to EOS)

you can build a new termcap/terminfo entry for screen (named

"screen.") in which this capability has been dis-

abled. If this entry is installed on your machines you are able to do a rlogin and still keep the correct termcap/terminfo entry. The terminal name is put in the

$TERM variable of all new windows. Screen also sets the

$TERMCAP variable reflecting the capabilities of the virtual

terminal emulated. Notice that, however, on machines using

the terminfo database this variable has no effect. Further-

more, the variable $WINDOW is set to the window number of

each window.

The actual set of capabilities supported by the virtual ter-

minal depends on the capabilities supported by the physical terminal. If, for instance, the physical terminal does not

support underscore mode, screen does not put the `us' and

`ue' capabilities into the window's $TERMCAP variable,

accordingly. However, a minimum number of capabilities must

be supported by a terminal in order to run screen; namely

scrolling, clear screen, and direct cursor addressing (in

addition, screen does not run on hardcopy terminals or on

terminals that over-strike).

Also, you can customize the $TERMCAP value used by screen by

using the "termcap" .screenrc command, or by defining the

variable $SCREENCAP prior to startup. When the is latter

defined, its value will be copied verbatim into each

window's $TERMCAP variable. This can either be the full

terminal definition, or a filename where the terminal

"screen" (and/or "screen-w") is defined.

Note that screen honors the "terminfo" .screenrc command if

the system uses the terminfo database rather than termcap. When the boolean `G0' capability is present in the termcap

entry for the terminal on which screen has been called, the

terminal emulation of screen supports multiple character

sets. This allows an application to make use of, for

instance, the VT100 graphics character set or national char-

acter sets. The following control functions from ISO 2022 are supported: lock shift G0 (SI), lock shift G1 (SO), lock shift G2, lock shift G3, single shift G2, and single shift G3. When a virtual terminal is created or reset, the ASCII SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 59 User Commands SCREEN(1) character set is designated as G0 through G3. When the `G0'

capability is present, screen evaluates the capabilities

`S0', `E0', and `C0' if present. `S0' is the sequence the terminal uses to enable and start the graphics character set rather than SI. `E0' is the corresponding replacement for SO. `C0' gives a character by character translation string

that is used during semi-graphics mode. This string is built

like the `acsc' terminfo capability. When the `po' and `pf' capabilities are present in the

terminal's termcap entry, applications running in a screen

window can send output to the printer port of the terminal. This allows a user to have an application in one window sending output to a printer connected to the terminal, while all other windows are still active (the printer port is enabled and disabled again for each chunk of output). As a

side-effect, programs running in different windows can send

output to the printer simultaneously. Data sent to the printer is not displayed in the window. The info command displays a line starting `PRIN' while the printer is active. Screen maintains a hardstatus line for every window. If a window gets selected, the display's hardstatus will be updated to match the window's hardstatus line. If the display has no hardstatus the line will be displayed as a

standard screen message. The hardstatus line can be changed

with the ANSI Application Program Command (APC):

"ESC_ESC\". As a convenience for xterm users the

sequence "ESC]0..2;^G" is also accepted.

Some capabilities are only put into the $TERMCAP variable of

the virtual terminal if they can be efficiently implemented by the physical terminal. For instance, `dl' (delete line)

is only put into the $TERMCAP variable if the terminal sup-

ports either delete line itself or scrolling regions. Note

that this may provoke confusion, when the session is reat-

tached on a different terminal, as the value of $TERMCAP

cannot be modified by parent processes.

The "alternate screen" capability is not enabled by default.

Set the altscreen .screenrc command to enable it.

The following is a list of control sequences recognized by

screen. "(V)" and "(A)" indicate VT100-specific and ANSI-

or ISO-specific functions, respectively.

ESC E Next Line ESC D Index ESC M Reverse Index SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 60 User Commands SCREEN(1) ESC H Horizontal Tab Set ESC Z Send VT100 Identification String ESC 7 (V) Save Cursor and Attributes ESC 8 (V) Restore Cursor and Attributes ESC [s (A) Save Cursor and Attributes ESC [u (A) Restore Cursor and Attributes ESC c Reset to Initial State ESC g Visual Bell ESC Pn p Cursor Visibility (97801) Pn = 6 Invisible 7 Visible ESC = (V) Application Keypad Mode ESC > (V) Numeric Keypad Mode

ESC # 8 (V) Fill Screen with E's

ESC \ (A) String Terminator ESC ^ (A) Privacy Message String (Message Line) ESC ! Global Message String (Message Line) ESC k A.k.a. Definition String ESC P (A) Device Control String. Outputs a

string directly to the host ter-

minal without interpretation.

ESC _ (A) Application Program Command

(Hardstatus) ESC ] 0 ; string ^G (A) Operating System Command (Hardstatus, xterm title hack)

ESC ] 83 ; cmd ^G (A) Execute screen command. This only

works if multi-user support is

compiled into screen. The

pseudo-user ":window:" is used to

SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 61 User Commands SCREEN(1) check the access control list.

Use "addacl :window: -rwx #?" to

create a user with no rights and allow only the needed commands.

Control-N (A) Lock Shift G1 (SO)

Control-O (A) Lock Shift G0 (SI)

ESC n (A) Lock Shift G2 ESC o (A) Lock Shift G3 ESC N (A) Single Shift G2 ESC O (A) Single Shift G3 ESC ( Pcs (A) Designate character set as G0 ESC ) Pcs (A) Designate character set as G1 ESC * Pcs (A) Designate character set as G2 ESC + Pcs (A) Designate character set as G3 ESC [ Pn ; Pn H Direct Cursor Addressing ESC [ Pn ; Pn f same as above ESC [ Pn J Erase in Display Pn = None or 0 From Cursor to End of Screen

1 From Beginning of Screen to Cur-

sor 2 Entire Screen ESC [ Pn K Erase in Line Pn = None or 0 From Cursor to End of Line 1 From Beginning of Line to Cursor 2 Entire Line ESC [ Pn X Erase character ESC [ Pn A Cursor Up ESC [ Pn B Cursor Down SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 62 User Commands SCREEN(1) ESC [ Pn C Cursor Right ESC [ Pn D Cursor Left ESC [ Pn E Cursor next line ESC [ Pn F Cursor previous line ESC [ Pn G Cursor horizontal position ESC [ Pn ` same as above ESC [ Pn d Cursor vertical position ESC [ Ps ;...; Ps m Select Graphic Rendition Ps = None or 0 Default Rendition 1 Bold 2 (A) Faint 3 (A) Standout Mode (ANSI: Italicized) 4 Underlined 5 Blinking 7 Negative Image 22 (A) Normal Intensity

23 (A) Standout Mode off (ANSI: Itali-

cized off) 24 (A) Not Underlined 25 (A) Not Blinking 27 (A) Positive Image 30 (A) Foreground Black 31 (A) Foreground Red 32 (A) Foreground Green 33 (A) Foreground Yellow 34 (A) Foreground Blue 35 (A) Foreground Magenta SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 63 User Commands SCREEN(1) 36 (A) Foreground Cyan 37 (A) Foreground White 39 (A) Foreground Default 40 (A) Background Black ... 49 (A) Background Default ESC [ Pn g Tab Clear Pn = None or 0 Clear Tab at Current Position 3 Clear All Tabs ESC [ Pn ; Pn r (V) Set Scrolling Region ESC [ Pn I (A) Horizontal Tab ESC [ Pn Z (A) Backward Tab ESC [ Pn L (A) Insert Line ESC [ Pn M (A) Delete Line ESC [ Pn @ (A) Insert Character ESC [ Pn P (A) Delete Character ESC [ Pn S Scroll Scrolling Region Up ESC [ Pn T Scroll Scrolling Region Down ESC [ Pn ^ same as above ESC [ Ps ;...; Ps h Set Mode ESC [ Ps ;...; Ps l Reset Mode Ps = 4 (A) Insert Mode 20 (A) Automatic Linefeed Mode 34 Normal Cursor Visibility ?1 (V) Application Cursor Keys ?3 (V) Change Terminal Width to 132 columns SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 64 User Commands SCREEN(1) ?5 (V) Reverse Video ?6 (V) Origin Mode ?7 (V) Wrap Mode ?9 X10 mouse tracking ?25 (V) Visible Cursor ?47 Alternate Screen (old xterm code) ?1000 (V) VT200 mouse tracking ?1047 Alternate Screen (new xterm code) ?1049 Alternate Screen (new xterm code) ESC [ 5 i (A) Start relay to printer (ANSI Media Copy) ESC [ 4 i (A) Stop relay to printer (ANSI Media Copy) ESC [ 8 ; Ph ; Pw t Resize the window to `Ph' lines

and `Pw' columns (SunView spe-

cial) ESC [ c Send VT100 Identification String ESC [ x Send Terminal Parameter Report ESC [ > c Send VT220 Secondary Device Attributes String ESC [ 6 n Send Cursor Position Report

INPUT TRANSLATION

In order to do a full VT100 emulation screen has to detect

that a sequence of characters in the input stream was gen-

erated by a keypress on the user's keyboard and insert the VT100 style escape sequence. Screen has a very flexible way

of doing this by making it possible to map arbitrary com-

mands on arbitrary sequences of characters. For standard VT100 emulation the command will always insert a string in the input buffer of the window (see also command stuff in the command table). Because the sequences generated by a

keypress can change after a reattach from a different termi-

nal type, it is possible to bind commands to the termcap name of the keys. Screen will insert the correct binding SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 65 User Commands SCREEN(1) after each reattach. See the bindkey command for further details on the syntax and examples. Here is the table of the default key bindings. (A) means that the command is executed if the keyboard is switched into application mode. Key name Termcap name Command

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Cursor up ku stuff \033[A stuff \033OA (A) Cursor down kd stuff \033[B stuff \033OB (A) Cursor right kr stuff \033[C stuff \033OC (A) Cursor left kl stuff \033[D stuff \033OD (A) Function key 0 k0 stuff \033[10~ Function key 1 k1 stuff \033OP Function key 2 k2 stuff \033OQ Function key 3 k3 stuff \033OR Function key 4 k4 stuff \033OS Function key 5 k5 stuff \033[15~ Function key 6 k6 stuff \033[17~ Function key 7 k7 stuff \033[18~ Function key 8 k8 stuff \033[19~ Function key 9 k9 stuff \033[20~ Function key 10 k; stuff \033[21~ Function key 11 F1 stuff \033[23~ Function key 12 F2 stuff \033[24~ Home kh stuff \033[1~ End kH stuff \033[4~ Insert kI stuff \033[2~ Delete kD stuff \033[3~ Page up kP stuff \033[5~ Page down kN stuff \033[6~ Keypad 0 f0 stuff 0 stuff \033Op (A) Keypad 1 f1 stuff 1 stuff \033Oq (A) Keypad 2 f2 stuff 2 stuff \033Or (A) Keypad 3 f3 stuff 3 stuff \033Os (A) Keypad 4 f4 stuff 4 stuff \033Ot (A) Keypad 5 f5 stuff 5 stuff \033Ou (A) Keypad 6 f6 stuff 6 stuff \033Ov (A) Keypad 7 f7 stuff 7 stuff \033Ow (A) SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 66 User Commands SCREEN(1) Keypad 8 f8 stuff 8 stuff \033Ox (A) Keypad 9 f9 stuff 9 stuff \033Oy (A) Keypad + f+ stuff + stuff \033Ok (A)

Keypad - f- stuff -

stuff \033Om (A) Keypad * f* stuff * stuff \033Oj (A) Keypad / f/ stuff / stuff \033Oo (A) Keypad = fq stuff = stuff \033OX (A) Keypad . f. stuff . stuff \033On (A) Keypad , f, stuff , stuff \033Ol (A) Keypad enter fe stuff \015 stuff \033OM (A) SPECIAL TERMINAL CAPABILITIES The following table describes all terminal capabilities that

are recognized by screen and are not in the termcap(5)

manual. You can place these capabilities in your termcap entries (in `/etc/termcap') or use them with the commands

`termcap', `terminfo' and `termcapinfo' in your screenrc

files. It is often not possible to place these capabilities in the terminfo database.

LP (bool) Terminal has VT100 style margins (`magic mar-

gins'). Note that this capability is obsolete

because screen uses the standard 'xn' instead.

Z0 (str) Change width to 132 columns. Z1 (str) Change width to 80 columns. WS (str) Resize display. This capability has the desired width and height as arguments. SunView(tm)

example: '\E[8;%d;%dt'.

NF (bool) Terminal doesn't need flow control. Send ^S and ^Q direct to the application. Same as 'flow off'. The opposite of this capability is 'nx'. G0 (bool) Terminal can deal with ISO 2022 font selection sequences. S0 (str) Switch charset 'G0' to the specified charset. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 67 User Commands SCREEN(1)

Default is '\E(%.'.

E0 (str) Switch charset 'G0' back to standard charset. Default is '\E(B'. C0 (str) Use the string as a conversion table for font '0'. See the 'ac' capability for more details.

CS (str) Switch cursor-keys to application mode.

CE (str) Switch cursor-keys back to normal mode.

AN (bool) Turn on autonuke. See the 'autonuke' command for more details. OL (num) Set the output buffer limit. See the 'obuflimit' command for more details. KJ (str) Set the encoding of the terminal. See the 'encoding' command for valid encodings. AF (str) Change character foreground color in an ANSI conform way. This capability will almost always

be set to '\E[3%dm' ('\E[3%p1%dm' on terminfo

machines). AB (str) Same as 'AF', but change background color. AX (bool) Does understand ANSI set default fg/bg color (\E[39m / \E[49m). XC (str) Describe a translation of characters to strings depending on the current font. More details follow in the next section. XT (bool) Terminal understands special xterm sequences (OSC, mouse tracking).

C8 (bool) Terminal needs bold to display high-intensity

colors (e.g. Eterm). TF (bool) Add missing capabilities to the termcap/info entry. (Set by default). CHARACTER TRANSLATION Screen has a powerful mechanism to translate characters to arbitrary strings depending on the current font and terminal type. Use this feature if you want to work with a common

standard character set (say ISO8851-latin1) even on termi-

nals that scatter the more unusual characters over several national language font pages. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Aug 2003 68 User Commands SCREEN(1) Syntax:

XC={,,}