OpenSSL RSA(1openssl) NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
rsa - RSA key processing tool
SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSSooooppppeeeennnnssssssssllll rrrrssssaaaa [---iiinnnnffffoooorrrrmmmm PPPPEEEEMMMM||||NNNNEEEETTTT||||DDDDEEEERRRR] [---ooouuuuttttffffoooorrrrmmmm PPPPEEEEMMMM||||NNNNEEEETTTT||||DDDDEEEERRRR]
[---iiinnnn ffffiiiilllleeeennnnaaaammmmeeee] [---pppaaaassssssssiiiinnnn aaaarrrrgggg] [---ooouuuutttt ffffiiiilllleeeennnnaaaammmmeeee] [---pppaaaassssssssoooouuuutttt aaaarrrrgggg]
[---sssggggcccckkkkeeeeyyyy] [---dddeeeessss] [---dddeeeessss3333] [---iiiddddeeeeaaaa] [---ttteeeexxxxtttt] [---nnnoooooooouuuutttt] [---mmmoooodddduuuulllluuuussss]
[---ccchhhheeeecccckkkk] [---pppuuuubbbbiiiinnnn] [---pppuuuubbbboooouuuutttt] [---eeennnnggggiiiinnnneeee iiiidddd]
DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN The rrrrssssaaaa command processes RSA keys. They can be converted between various forms and their components printed out. NNNNooootttteeee this command uses the traditional SSLeay compatible format for private key encryption: newer applications should usethe more secure PKCS#8 format using the ppppkkkkccccssss8888 utility.
CCCCOOOOMMMMMMMMAAAANNNNDDDD OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS-iiiinnnnffffoooorrrrmmmm DDDDEEEERRRR||||NNNNEEEETTTT||||PPPPEEEEMMMM
This specifies the input format. The DDDDEEEERRRR option uses anASN1 DER encoded form compatible with the PKCS#1
RSAPrivateKey or SubjectPublicKeyInfo format. The PPPPEEEEMMMM form is the default format: it consists of the DDDDEEEERRRR format base64 encoded with additional header and footerlines. On input PKCS#8 format private keys are also
accepted. The NNNNEEEETTTT form is a format is described in the NNNNOOOOTTTTEEEESSSS section.-oooouuuuttttffffoooorrrrmmmm DDDDEEEERRRR||||NNNNEEEETTTT||||PPPPEEEEMMMM
This specifies the output format, the options have thesame meaning as the ---iiinnnnffffoooorrrrmmmm option.
-iiiinnnn ffffiiiilllleeeennnnaaaammmmeeee
This specifies the input filename to read a key from or standard input if this option is not specified. If the key is encrypted a pass phrase will be prompted for.-ppppaaaassssssssiiiinnnn aaaarrrrgggg
the input file password source. For more information about the format of aaaarrrrgggg see the PPPPAAAASSSSSSSS PPPPHHHHRRRRAAAASSSSEEEE AAAARRRRGGGGUUUUMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTSSSS section in openssl(1).-oooouuuutttt ffffiiiilllleeeennnnaaaammmmeeee
This specifies the output filename to write a key to or standard output if this option is not specified. If any encryption options are set then a pass phrase will be prompted for. The output filename should nnnnooootttt be the same as the input filename.-ppppaaaassssssssoooouuuutttt ppppaaaasssssssswwwwoooorrrrdddd
the output file password source. For more information about the format of aaaarrrrgggg see the PPPPAAAASSSSSSSS PPPPHHHHRRRRAAAASSSSEEEE AAAARRRRGGGGUUUUMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTSSSS section in openssl(1).30/Jan/2003 Last change: 0.9.8o 1 OpenSSL RSA(1openssl)
-ssssggggcccckkkkeeeeyyyy
use the modified NET algorithm used with some versions of Microsoft IIS and SGC keys.-ddddeeeessss||||-ddddeeeessss3333||||-iiiiddddeeeeaaaa
These options encrypt the private key with the DES, triple DES, or the IDEA ciphers respectively before outputting it. A pass phrase is prompted for. If none of these options is specified the key is written in plain text. This means that using the rrrrssssaaaa utility to read in an encrypted key with no encryption option can be used to remove the pass phrase from a key, or by setting the encryption options it can be use to add or change the pass phrase. These options can only be used with PEM format output files.-tttteeeexxxxtttt
prints out the various public or private key components in plain text in addition to the encoded version.-nnnnoooooooouuuutttt
this option prevents output of the encoded version of the key.-mmmmoooodddduuuulllluuuussss
this option prints out the value of the modulus of the key.-cccchhhheeeecccckkkk
this option checks the consistency of an RSA private key.-ppppuuuubbbbiiiinnnn
by default a private key is read from the input file: with this option a public key is read instead.-ppppuuuubbbboooouuuutttt
by default a private key is output: with this option a public key will be output instead. This option is automatically set if the input is a public key.-eeeennnnggggiiiinnnneeee iiiidddd
specifying an engine (by it's unique iiiidddd string) will cause rrrreeeeqqqq to attempt to obtain a functional reference to the specified engine, thus initialising it if needed. The engine will then be set as the default for all available algorithms. NNNNOOOOTTTTEEEESSSS The PEM private key format uses the header and footer lines:30/Jan/2003 Last change: 0.9.8o 2 OpenSSL RSA(1openssl)
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
The PEM public key format uses the header and footer lines:-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
The NNNNEEEETTTT form is a format compatible with older Netscape servers and Microsoft IIS .key files, this uses unsalted RC4 for its encryption. It is not very secure and so should only be used when necessary. Some newer version of IIS have additional data in the exported .key files. To use these with the utility, view thefile with a binary editor and look for the string "private-
key", then trace back to the byte sequence 0x30, 0x82 (this is an ASN1 SEQUENCE). Copy all the data from this point onwards to another file and use that as the input to the rrrrssssaaaautility with the ---iiinnnnffffoooorrrrmmmm NNNNEEEETTTT option. If you get an error
after entering the password try the ---sssggggcccckkkkeeeeyyyy option.
EEEEXXXXAAAAMMMMPPPPLLLLEEEESSSS To remove the pass phrase on an RSA private key:openssl rsa -in key.pem -out keyout.pem
To encrypt a private key using triple DES:openssl rsa -in key.pem -des3 -out keyout.pem
To convert a private key from PEM to DER format:openssl rsa -in key.pem -outform DER -out keyout.der
To print out the components of a private key to standard output:openssl rsa -in key.pem -text -noout
To just output the public part of a private key:openssl rsa -in key.pem -pubout -out pubkey.pem
BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS The command line password arguments don't currently work with NNNNEEEETTTT format. There should be an option that automatically handles .key files, without having to manually edit them.30/Jan/2003 Last change: 0.9.8o 3 OpenSSL RSA(1openssl) SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
pkcs8(1), dsa(1), genrsa(1), gendsa(1)
30/Jan/2003 Last change: 0.9.8o 4