Windows PowerShell command on Get-command perl

Manual Pages for UNIX Operating System command usage for man perl

User Commands perl(1)

NAME

perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language

SYNOPSIS

perl [-sTuU] [-hv] [-V [: configvar]] [-cw]

[-d [: debugger]] [-D [number/list]] [-pna]

[-F pattern] [-l [octal]] [-0 [octal]] [-I dir]

[-m [-] module] [-M [-] 'module...'] [-P] [-S]

[-x [dir]] [-i [extension]] [-e 'command'] [--]

[programfile] [argument]...

DESCRIPTION

For ease of access, the Perl manual has been split up into the following sections. OVERVIEW

perl Perl overview (this section)

perlintro Perl introduction for beginners

perltoc Perl documentation table of contents

TUTORIALS TUTORIALS

perlreftut Perl references short introduction

perldsc Perl data structures intro

perllol Perl data structures: arrays of arrays

perlrequick Perl regular expressions quick start

perlretut Perl regular expressions tutorial

perlboot Perl OO tutorial for beginners

perltoot Perl OO tutorial, part 1

perltooc Perl OO tutorial, part 2

perlbot Perl OO tricks and examples

perlstyle Perl style guide

perlcheat Perl cheat sheet

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User Commands perl(1)

perltrap Perl traps for the unwary

perldebtut Perl debugging tutorial

perlfaq Perl frequently asked questions

perlfaq1 General Questions About Perl

perlfaq2 Obtaining and Learning about Perl

perlfaq3 Programming Tools

perlfaq4 Data Manipulation

perlfaq5 Files and Formats

perlfaq6 Regexes

perlfaq7 Perl Language Issues

perlfaq8 System Interaction

perlfaq9 Networking

REFERENCE MANUAL

perlsyn Perl syntax

perldata Perl data structures

perlop Perl operators and precedence

perlsub Perl subroutines

perlfunc Perl built-in functions

perlopentut Perl open() tutorial

perlpacktut Perl pack() and unpack() tutorial

perlpod Perl plain old documentation

perlpodspec Perl plain old documentation format specification

perlrun Perl execution and options

perldiag Perl diagnostic messages

perllexwarn Perl warnings and their control

perldebug Perl debugging

perlvar Perl predefined variables

perlre Perl regular expressions, the rest of the story

perlreref Perl regular expressions quick reference

perlref Perl references, the rest of the story

perlform Perl formats

perlobj Perl objects

perltie Perl objects hidden behind simple variables

perldbmfilter Perl DBM filters

perlipc Perl interprocess communication

perlfork Perl fork() information

perlnumber Perl number semantics

perlthrtut Perl threads tutorial

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User Commands perl(1)

perlothrtut Old Perl threads tutorial

perlport Perl portability guide

perllocale Perl locale support

perluniintro Perl Unicode introduction

perlunicode Perl Unicode support

perlebcdic Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms

perlsec Perl security

perlmod Perl modules: how they work

perlmodlib Perl modules: how to write and use

perlmodstyle Perl modules: how to write modules with style

perlmodinstall Perl modules: how to install from CPAN

perlnewmod Perl modules: preparing a new module for distribution

perlutil utilities packaged with the Perl distribution

perlcompile Perl compiler suite intro

perlfilter Perl source filters

INTERNALS AND C LANGUAGE INTERFACE

perlembed Perl ways to embed perl in your C or C++ application

perldebguts Perl debugging guts and tips

perlxstut Perl XS tutorial

perlxs Perl XS application programming interface

perlclib Internal replacements for standard C library functions

perlguts Perl internal functions for those doing extensions

perlcall Perl calling conventions from C

perlapi Perl API listing (autogenerated)

perlintern Perl internal functions (autogenerated)

perliol C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers

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User Commands perl(1)

perlapio Perl internal IO abstraction interface

perlhack Perl hackers guide

MISCELLANEOUS

perlbook Perl book information

perltodo Perl things to do

perldoc Look up Perl documentation in Pod format

perlhist Perl history records

perldelta Perl changes since previous version

perl583delta Perl changes in version 5.8.3

perl582delta Perl changes in version 5.8.2

perl581delta Perl changes in version 5.8.1

perl58delta Perl changes in version 5.8.0

perl573delta Perl changes in version 5.7.3

perl572delta Perl changes in version 5.7.2

perl571delta Perl changes in version 5.7.1

perl570delta Perl changes in version 5.7.0

perl561delta Perl changes in version 5.6.1

perl56delta Perl changes in version 5.6

perl5005delta Perl changes in version 5.005

perl5004delta Perl changes in version 5.004

perlartistic Perl Artistic License

perlgpl GNU General Public License

LANGUAGE-SPECIFIC

perlcn Perl for Simplified Chinese (in EUC-CN)

perljp Perl for Japanese (in EUC-JP)

perlko Perl for Korean (in EUC-KR)

perltw Perl for Traditional Chinese (in Big5)

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User Commands perl(1)

PLATFORM-SPECIFIC

perlsolaris Perl notes for Solaris

PLATFORM-SPECIFIC

If you're new to Perl, you should start with perlintro,

which is a general intro for beginners and provides some background to help you navigate the rest of Perl's extensive documentation. For ease of access, the Perl manual has been split up into several sections. The manpages listed above are installed in the

/usr/perl5/man/ directory.

Extensive additional documentation for Perl modules is available. This additional documentation is in the

/usr/perl5/man directory. Some of this additional documenta-

tion is distributed standard with Perl, but you'll also find

documentation for any customer-installed third-party modules

there. You can view Perl's documentation with man(1) by including

/usr/perl5/man in the MANPATH environment variable. Notice

that running catman(1M) on the Perl manual pages is not sup-

ported. For other Solaris-specific details, see the NOTES

section below.

You can also use the supplied /usr/perl5/bin/perldoc script

to view Perl information. If something strange has gone wrong with your program and

you're not sure where you should look for help, try the -w

switch first. It will often point out exactly where the trouble is. Perl is a language optimized for scanning arbitrary text files, extracting information from those text files, and printing reports based on that information. It's also a good language for many system management tasks. The

language is intended to be practical (easy to use, effi-

cient, complete) rather than beautiful (tiny, elegant, minimal).

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User Commands perl(1)

Perl combines (in the author's opinion, anyway) some of the best features of C, sed, awk, and sh, so people familiar with those languages should have little difficulty with it. (Language historians will also note some vestiges of csh,

Pascal, and even BASIC-PLUS.) Expression syntax corresponds

closely to C expression syntax. Unlike most Unix utilities,

Perl does not arbitrarily limit the size of your data -if

you've got the memory, Perl can slurp in your whole file as a single string. Recursion is of unlimited depth. And the tables used by hashes (sometimes called "associative arrays") grow as necessary to prevent degraded performance. Perl can use sophisticated pattern matching techniques to scan large amounts of data quickly. Although optimized for scanning text, Perl can also deal with binary data, and can make dbm files look like hashes. Setuid Perl scripts are safer than C programs through a dataflow tracing mechanism that prevents many stupid security holes. If you have a problem that would ordinarily use sed or awk

or sh, but it exceeds their capabilities or must run a lit-

tle faster, and you don't want to write the silly thing in C, then Perl may be for you. There are also translators to turn your sed and awk scripts into Perl scripts. But wait, there's more...

Begun in 1993 (see perlhist), Perl version 5 is nearly a

complete rewrite that provides the following additional benefits: o Modularity and reusability using innumerable

modules Described in perlmod, perlmodlib, and

perlmodinstall.

o Embeddable and extensible Described in perlembed,

perlxstut, perlxs, perlcall, perlguts, and xsubpp.

o Roll-your-own magic variables (including multiple

simultaneous DBM implementations). Described in

perltie and AnyDBM_File.

o Subroutines can now be overridden, autoloaded, and

prototyped. Described in perlsub.

o Arbitrarily nested data structures and anonymous

functions. Described in perlreftut, perlref,

perldsc, and perllol.

o Object-oriented programming. Described in perlobj,

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perlboot, perltoot, perltooc, and perlbot.

o Support for light-weight processes (threads).

Described in perlthrtut and threads.

o Support for Unicode, internationalization, and

localization Described in perluniintro, perllocale

and Locale::Maketext.

o Lexical scoping. Described in perlsub.

o Regular expression enhancements. Described in

perlre, with additional examples in perlop.

o Enhanced debugger and interactive Perl environment, with integrated editor support. Described in

perldebtut, perldebug and perldebguts.

o POSIX 1003.1 compliant library Described in POSIX. Okay, that's definitely enough hype. ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

The Perl shipped with Solaris is installed under /usr/perl5

rather than the default /usr/local location. This is so that

it can coexist with a customer-installed Perl in the default

/usr/local location. Any additional modules that you choose to install will be

placed in the /usr/perl5/site_perl/5.8.4 directory. The

/usr/perl5/vendor_perl directory is reserved for SMI-

provided modules.

Notice that the Perl utility scripts such as perldoc and

perlbug are in the /usr/perl5/bin directory, so if you wish

to use them you need to include /usr/perl5/bin in your PATH

environment variable.

User Commands perl(1)

perl-thanks@perl.org .

FILES "@INC" Locations of Perl libraries

ATTRIBUTES

See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-

butes:

____________________________________________________________

| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |

| ____________________________|_____________________________|_

| Availability | runtime/perl-584, |

| | runtime/perl-584/extra, |

| | runtime/perl-584/manual, |

|_____________________________|_____________________________|

Perl is available for most operating systems, including vir-

tually all Unix-like platforms. See "Supported Platforms"

in perlport for a listing.

The Script interface, the XSUB interface, and the Directory layout are Committed. The Binary interface is Uncommitted.

a2p awk to perl translator

s2p sed to perl translator

http://www.perl.com Perl home page

http://www.perl.com/CPAN The Comprehensive Perl Archive

http://www.perl.org Perl Mongers (Perl user groups)

DIAGNOSTICS

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The `use warnings' pragma (and the -w switch) produce some

lovely diagnostics.

See perldiag for explanations of all Perl's diagnostics.

The `use diagnostics' pragma automatically turns Perl's nor-

mally terse warnings and errors into these longer forms. Compilation errors will tell you the line number of the error, with an indication of the next token or token type

that was to be examined. (In a script passed to Perl via -e

switches, each -e is counted as one line.)

Setuid scripts have additional constraints that can produce

error messages such as "Insecure dependency". See perlsec.

Did we mention that you should definitely consider using the

-w switch?

NOTES

Perl 5.8.4 has been built to be largefile-aware and to use

64-bit integers, although the interpreter itself is a 32-bit

application (LP32). To view detailed configuration informa-

tion, use perl -V and perlbug -dv.

If you wish to build and install add-on modules from CPAN

using gcc, you can do so using the

/usr/perl5/5.8.4/bin/perlgcc script - see perlgcc(1) for

details. If you wish to build and install your own version of Perl,

you should NOT remove the 5.8.4 version of perl under

/usr/perl5, as it is required by several system utilities.

The Perl package names are as follows:

SUNWperl584core Perl 5.8.4 (Core files)

SUNWperl584usr Perl 5.8.4 (Non-core files)

SUNWperl584man Perl 5.8.4 (Manual pages)

Solaris 10 also ships with the 5.6.1 version of Perl that was included in Solaris 9. If you are upgrading your system and wish to continue to use Perl 5.6.1 as the default Perl

version you should refer to the perlsolaris manpage for

details of how to do this. Note that you should upgrade

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your installation to use Perl 5.8.4 as soon as is practica-

ble, as Perl 5.6.1 may be removed in a future release. The Perl motto is "There's more than one way to do it." Divining how many more is left as an exercise to the reader. The three principal virtues of a programmer are Laziness, Impatience, and Hubris. See the Camel Book for why.

BUGS

The -w switch is not mandatory.

Perl is at the mercy of your machine's definitions of vari-

ous operations such as type casting, atof(), and floating-

point output with sprintf(). If your stdio requires a seek or eof between reads and writes on a particular stream, so does Perl. (This doesn't apply to sysread() and syswrite().)

While none of the built-in data types have any arbitrary

size limits (apart from memory size), there are still a few arbitrary limits: a given variable name may not be longer than 251 characters. Line numbers displayed by diagnostics are internally stored as short integers, so they are limited to a maximum of 65535 (higher numbers usually being affected by wraparound).

You may mail your bug reports (be sure to include full con-

figuration information as output by the myconfig program in

the perl source tree, or by `perl -V') to perlbug@perl.org .

If you've succeeded in compiling perl, the perlbug script in

the utils/ subdirectory can be used to help mail in a bug report. Perl actually stands for Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister, but don't tell anyone I said that.

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