User Commands eqn(1)
NAME
eqn, neqn, checkeq - typeset mathematics test
SYNOPSIS
eqn [-d xy] [ -f n] [-p n] [ -s n] [file]...
neqn [file]...
checkeq [file]...DESCRIPTION
eqn and neqn are language processors to assist in describing
equations. eqn is a preprocessor for troff(1) and isintended for devices that can print troff's output. neqn is
a preprocessor for nroff(1) and is intended for use with terminals. Usage is almost always:example% eqn file ... | troff
example% neqn file ... | nroff
If no files are specified, eqn and neqn read from the stan-
dard input. A line beginning with .EQ marks the start of anequation. The end of an equation is marked by a line begin-
ning with .EN. Neither of these lines is altered, so theymay be defined in macro packages to get centering, number-
ing, and so on. It is also possible to set two characters as ``delimiters''; subsequent text between delimiters is also treated as eqn input. checkeq reports missing or unbalanced delimiters and .EQ/.EN pairs. OPTIONS The following options are supported:-dxy Sets equation delimiters set to characters x and y
with the command-line argument. The more common way
to do this is with delim xy between .EQ and .EN. The left and right delimiters may be identical. Delimiters are turned off by delim off appearing inthe text. All text that is neither between delim-
iters nor between .EQ and .EN is passed through untouched.SunOS 5.11 Last change: 12 Jul 2002 1
User Commands eqn(1)-fn Changes font to n globally in the document. The
font can also be changed globally in the body of the document by using the gfont n directive, where n is the font specification.-pn Reduces subscripts and superscripts by n point
sizes from the previous size. In the absence ofthe -p option, subscripts and superscripts are
reduced by 3 point sizes from the previous size.-sn Changes point size to n globally in the document.
The point size can also be changed globally in thebody of the document by using the gsize n direc-
tive, where n is the point size. OPERANDS The following operands are supported:file The nroff or troff file processed by eqn or neqn.
EQN LANGUAGE The nroff version of this description depicts the output ofneqn to the terminal screen exactly as neqn is able to
display it. To see an accurate depiction of the output, view the printed version of this page. Tokens within eqn are separated by braces, double quotes, tildes, circumflexes, SPACE, TAB, or NEWLINE characters.Braces {} are used for grouping. Generally speaking, any-
where a single character like x could appear, a complicated construction enclosed in braces may be used instead. A tilde (~) represents a full SPACE in the output; a circumflex (^) half as much. Subscripts and superscripts: These are produced with the keywords sub and sup. x sub i makes xi 2 a sub i sup 2 produces aiSunOS 5.11 Last change: 12 Jul 2002 2
User Commands eqn(1) e sup {x sup 2 + y sup 2} gives e^(x^2+y^2) Fractions: Fractions are made with over.a_
a over b yields b Square Roots: These are made with sqrt 1 over sqrt {ax sup 2 +bx+c}_____1_____
results in ________
\|ax2+bx+c Limits:The keywords from and to introduce lower and upper lim-
its on arbitrary things:lim from {n-> inf } sum from 0 to n x sub i
nmakes lim ~>_xi
n->oo0
Brackets and Braces: Left and right brackets, braces, and the like, of the right height are made with left and right. left [ x sup 2 + y s|up 2 over alpha right ] ~=~1| y_2_| = 1
produces |x2+all (useful for a right-side-only bracket).
SunOS 5.11 Last change: 12 Jul 2002 3
User Commands eqn(1) Vertical piles: Vertical piles of things are made with pile, lpile, cpile, and rpile. a pile {a above b above c} produces b c There can be an arbitrary number of elements in apile. lpile left-justifies,
pile and cpile center, with different vertical spacing, and rpile right justifies. Matrices: Matrices are made with matrix. matrix { lcol { x sub i above y sub 2 } ccol { 1 above 2 } } produces xi y2 1 2In addition, there is rcol for a right-justified
column. Diacritical marks: Diacritical marks are made with dot, dotdot, hat, tilde, bar, vec, dyad, and under.. ____
x dot = f(t) bar is x=f(t)._._
y dotdot bar ~=~ n under is y = n_
_ _
x vec ~=~ y dyad is x = ySunOS 5.11 Last change: 12 Jul 2002 4
User Commands eqn(1) Sizes and Fonts:Sizes and font can be changed with size n or size +_n,
roman, italic, bold, and font n. Size and fonts can be changed globally in a document by gsize n and gfont n,or by the command-line arguments -sn and -fn.
Successive display arguments: Successive display arguments can be lined up. Placemark before the desired lineup point in the first equa-
tion; place lineup at the place that is to line up vert-
ically in subsequent equations. Shorthands: Shorthands may be defined or existing keywords redefined with define:define thing % replacement %
Defines a new token called thing which will be replaced by replacement whenever it appearsthereafter. The % may be any character that does not
occur in replacement. Keywords and Shorthands:Keywords like sum int inf and shorthands like >= -> and
!= are recognized. Greek letters: Greek letters are spelled out in the desired case, as in alpha or GAMMA. Mathematical words: Mathematical words like sin, cos, and log are made Roman automatically.troff(1) four-character escapes like +o (+o) can be used any-
where. Strings enclosed in double quotes "..." are passed through untouched; this permits keywords to be entered asSunOS 5.11 Last change: 12 Jul 2002 5
User Commands eqn(1) text, and can be used to communicate with troff when all else fails.ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:____________________________________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Availability | text/doctools ||_____________________________|_____________________________|
SEE ALSO
nroff(1), tbl(1), troff(1), attributes(5), ms(5)BUGS
To embolden characters such as digits and parentheses, it is necessary to quote them, as in `bold "12.3"'.SunOS 5.11 Last change: 12 Jul 2002 6