User Commands LESSKEY(1)
NAME
lesskey - specify key bindings for less
SYNOPSIS
lesskey [-o output] [--] [input]
lesskey [--output=output] [--] [input]
lesskey -V
lesskey --version
DESCRIPTION
Lesskey is used to specify a set of key bindings to be used by less. The input file is a text file which describes thekey bindings, If the input file is "-", standard input is
read. If no input file is specified, a standard filename is used as the name of the input file, which depends on thesystem being used: On Unix systems, $HOME/.lesskey is used;
on MS-DOS systems, $HOME/_lesskey is used; and on OS/2 sys-
tems $HOME/lesskey.ini is used, or $INIT/lesskey.ini if
$HOME is undefined. The output file is a binary file which
is used by less. If no output file is specified, and the environment variable LESSKEY is set, the value of LESSKEY is used as the name of the output file. Otherwise, a standard filename is used as the name of the output file, whichdepends on the system being used: On Unix and OS-9 systems,
$HOME/.less is used; on MS-DOS systems, $HOME/_less is used;
and on OS/2 systems, $HOME/less.ini is used, or
$INIT/less.ini if $HOME is undefined. If the output file
already exists, lesskey will overwrite it.
The -V or --version option causes lesskey to print its ver-
sion number and immediately exit. If -V or --version is
present, other options and arguments are ignored.The input file consists of one or more sections. Each sec-
tion starts with a line that identifies the type of section. Possible sections are:#command
Defines new command keys.#line-edit
Defines new line-editing keys.
#env Defines environment variables.
Blank lines and lines which start with a pound sign (#) are
ignored, except for the special section header lines. COMMAND SECTION The command section begins with the line SunOS 5.10 Last change: Version 436: 07 Jul 2009 1 User Commands LESSKEY(1)#command
If the command section is the first section in the file, this line may be omitted. The command section consists of lines of the form:string
Whitespace is any sequence of one or more spaces and/or tabs. The string is the command key(s) which invoke the action. The string may be a single command key, or a sequence of up to 15 keys. The action is the name of the less action, from the list below. The characters in the string may appear literally, or be prefixed by a caret to indicate a control key. A backslash followed by one to three octal digits may be used to specify a character by its octal value. A backslash followed by certain characters specifies input characters as follows: \b BACKSPACE \e ESCAPE \n NEWLINE \r RETURN \t TAB \ku UP ARROW \kd DOWN ARROW \kr RIGHT ARROW \kl LEFT ARROW \kU PAGE UP \kD PAGE DOWN \kh HOME \ke END \kx DELETE A backslash followed by any other character indicates that character is to be taken literally. Characters which must be preceded by backslash include caret, space, tab and the backslash itself. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Version 436: 07 Jul 2009 2 User Commands LESSKEY(1) An action may be followed by an "extra" string. When such aaction [extra-string] command is entered while running less, the action is per-
formed, and then the extra string is parsed, just as if it were typed in to less. This feature can be used in certaincases to extend the functionality of a command. For exam-
ple, see the "{" and ":t" commands in the example below. The extra string has a special meaning for the "quit" action: when less quits, first character of the extra string is used as its exit status.EXAMPLE
The following input file describes the set of default com-
mand keys used by less:#command
\r forw-line
\n forw-line
e forw-line
j forw-line
\kd forw-line
^E forw-line
^N forw-line
k back-line
y back-line
^Y back-line
^K back-line
^P back-line
J forw-line-force
K back-line-force
Y back-line-force
d forw-scroll
^D forw-scroll
u back-scroll
^U back-scroll
\40 forw-screen
f forw-screen
^F forw-screen
^V forw-screen
\kD forw-screen
b back-screen
^B back-screen
\ev back-screen
\kU back-screen
z forw-window
w back-window
\e\40 forw-screen-force
F forw-forever
R repaint-flush
r repaint ^R repaint ^L repaint SunOS 5.10 Last change: Version 436: 07 Jul 2009 3 User Commands LESSKEY(1)\eu undo-hilite
g goto-line
\kh goto-line
< goto-line
\e< goto-line
p percent% percent
\e[ left-scroll
\e] right-scroll
\e( left-scroll
\e) right-scroll
{ forw-bracket {}
} back-bracket {}
( forw-bracket ()
) back-bracket ()
[ forw-bracket []
] back-bracket []
\e^F forw-bracket
\e^B back-bracket
G goto-end
\e> goto-end
> goto-end
\ke goto-end
= status ^G status :f status/ forw-search
? back-search
\e/ forw-search *
\e? back-search *
n repeat-search
\en repeat-search-all
N reverse-search
\eN reverse-search-all
& filterm set-mark
' goto-mark
^X^X goto-mark
E examine :e examine ^X^V examine:n next-file
:p prev-file
t next-tag
T prev-tag
:x index-file
:d remove-file
- toggle-option
:t toggle-option t
s toggle-option o
_ display-option
| pipe SunOS 5.10 Last change: Version 436: 07 Jul 2009 4 User Commands LESSKEY(1) v visual ! shell + firstcmd H help h help V version 0 digit 1 digit 2 digit 3 digit 4 digit 5 digit 6 digit 7 digit 8 digit 9 digit q quit Q quit :q quit :Q quit ZZ quit PRECEDENCECommands specified by lesskey take precedence over the
default commands. A default command key may be disabled by including it in the input file with the action "invalid". Alternatively, a key may be defined to do nothing by using the action "noaction". "noaction" is similar to "invalid", but less will give an error beep for an "invalid" command, but not for a "noaction" command. In addition, ALL default commands may be disabled by adding this control line to the input file:#stop
This will cause all default commands to be ignored. The#stop line should be the last line in that section of the
file.Be aware that #stop can be dangerous. Since all default com-
mands are disabled, you must provide sufficient commandsbefore the #stop line to enable all necessary actions. For
example, failure to provide a "quit" command can lead to frustration. LINE EDITING SECTIONThe line-editing section begins with the line:
#line-edit
SunOS 5.10 Last change: Version 436: 07 Jul 2009 5 User Commands LESSKEY(1) This section specifies new key bindings for the line editing commands, in a manner similar to the way key bindings forordinary commands are specified in the #command section.
The line-editing section consists of a list of keys and
actions, one per line as in the example below.EXAMPLE
The following input file describes the set of default line-
editing keys used by less:#line-edit
\t forw-complete
\17 back-complete
\e\t back-complete
^L expand ^V literal ^A literal \el right \kr right \eh left \kl left\eb word-left
\e\kl word-left
\ew word-right
\e\kr word-right
\ei insert \ex delete \kx delete\eX word-delete
\ekx word-delete
\e\b word-backspace
\e0 home \kh home\e$ end
\ke end \ek up \ku up \ej down LESS ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES The environment variable section begins with the line#env
Following this line is a list of environment variable assignments. Each line consists of an environment variable name, an equals sign (=) and the value to be assigned to the environment variable. White space before and after the equals sign is ignored. Variables assigned in this way are SunOS 5.10 Last change: Version 436: 07 Jul 2009 6 User Commands LESSKEY(1)visible only to less. If a variable is specified in the sys-
tem environment and also in a lesskey file, the value in the
lesskey file takes precedence. Although the lesskey file
can be used to override variables set in the environment,the main purpose of assigning variables in the lesskey file
is simply to have all less configuration information stored in one file.EXAMPLE
The following input file sets the -i option whenever less is
run, and specifies the character set to be "latin1":#env
LESS = -i
LESSCHARSET = latin1SEE ALSO
less(1) WARNINGS It is not possible to specify special keys, such as uparrow,in a keyboard-independent manner. The only way to specify
such keys is to specify the escape sequence which a particu-
lar keyboard sends when such a key is pressed.On MS-DOS and OS/2 systems, certain keys send a sequence of
characters which start with a NUL character (0). This NULcharacter should be represented as \340 in a lesskey file.
COPYRIGHTCopyright (C) 2000-2009 Mark Nudelman
lesskey is part of the GNU project and is free software; you
can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version.lesskey is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General PublicLicense along with lesskey; see the file COPYING. If not,
write to the Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place,Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: Version 436: 07 Jul 2009 7 User Commands LESSKEY(1) AUTHOR Mark NudelmanSend bug reports or comments to the above address or to bug-less@gnu.org.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:_______________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE|
|____________________|__________________|_
| Availability | text/less ||____________________|__________________|_
| Interface Stability| Volatile ||____________________|_________________|
NOTES Source for less is available on http://opensolaris.org. SunOS 5.10 Last change: Version 436: 07 Jul 2009 8