User Commands GROPS(1)
NAME
grops - PostScript driver for groff
SYNOPSIS
grops [ -glmv ] [ -bn ] [ -cn ] [ -Fdir ] [ -Idir ] [ -p-
papersize ] [ -Pprologue ] [ -wn ] [ files... ]
It is possible to have whitespace between a command line option and its parameter.DESCRIPTION
grops translates the output of GNU troff to PostScript.
Normally grops should be invoked by using the groff command
with a -Tps option. (Actually, this is the default for
groff.) If no files are given, grops will read the standard
input. A filename of - will also cause grops to read the
standard input. PostScript output is written to the stan-
dard output. When grops is run by groff options can be
passed to grops using the groff -P option.
Note that grops doesn't produce a valid document structure
(conforming to the Document Structuring Convention) ifcalled with multiple file arguments. To print such con-
catenated output it is necessary to deactivate DSC handling in the printing program or previewer. OPTIONS-bn Provide workarounds for older printers, broken
spoolers, and previewers. Normally grops produces out-
put at PostScript LanguageLevel~2 that conforms to the Document Structuring Conventions version 3.0. Some older printers, spoolers, and previewers can't handlesuch output. The value of~n controls what grops does
to make its output acceptable to such programs. Avalue of~0 will cause grops not to employ any wor-
karounds.Add~1 if no %%BeginDocumentSetup and %%EndDocumentSetup
comments should be generated; this is needed for early versions of TranScript that get confused by anythingbetween the %%EndProlog comment and the first %%Page
comment.Add~2 if lines in included files beginning with %!
should be stripped out; this is needed for Sun's pageview previewer.Add~4 if %%Page, %%Trailer and %%EndProlog comments
should be stripped out of included files; this isneeded for spoolers that don't understand the %%Begin-
Document and %%EndDocument comments.
Groff Version 1.19.2Last change: 21 October 2010 1 User Commands GROPS(1) Add~8 if the first line of the PostScript output shouldbe %!PS-Adobe-2.0 rather than %!PS-Adobe-3.0; this is
needed when using Sun's Newsprint with a printer that requires page reversal. Add~16 if no media size information should be includedin the document (this is, neither use %%DocumentMedia
nor the setpagedevice PostScript command). This was the behaviour of groff version 1.18.1 and earlier; it is needed for older printers which don't understand PostScript LanguageLevel~2. It is also necessary if the output is further processed to get an encapsulatedPS (EPS) file -- see below.
The default value can be specified by a broken n command in the DESC file. Otherwise the default value is~0.-cn Print n copies of each page.
-Fdir
Prepend directory dir/devname to the search path for prologue, font, and device description files; name is the name of the device, usually ps.-g Guess the page length. This generates PostScript code
that guesses the page length. The guess will becorrect only if the imageable area is vertically cen-
tered on the page. This option allows you to generate documents that can be printed both on letter (8.5x11) paper and on A4 paper without change.-Idir
This option may be used to specify a directory to search for files on the command line and files named in \X'ps: import' and \X'ps: file' escapes. The current directory is always searched first. This option may be specified more than once; the directories will be searched in the order specified. No directory search is performed for files specified using an absolute path.-l Print the document in landscape format.
-m Turn manual feed on for the document.
-ppaper-size
Set physical dimension of output medium. This over-
rides the papersize, paperlength, and paperwidth Groff Version 1.19.2Last change: 21 October 2010 2 User Commands GROPS(1)commands in the DESC file; it accepts the same argu-
ments as the papersize command. See groff_font (5) for
details.-Pprologue-file
Use the file prologue-file (in the font path) as the
prologue instead of the default prologue file prologue. This option overrides the environment variableGROPS_PROLOGUE.
-wn Lines should be drawn using a thickness of
n~thousandths of an em. If this option is not given, the line thickness defaults to 0.04~em.-v Print the version number.
USAGE
There are styles called R, I, B, and BI mounted at font positions 1 to~4. The fonts are grouped into families A, BM, C, H, HN, N, P, and~T having members in each of these styles:AR AvantGarde-Book
AI AvantGarde-BookOblique
AB AvantGarde-Demi
ABI AvantGarde-DemiOblique
BMR Bookman-Light
BMI Bookman-LightItalic
BMB Bookman-Demi
BMBI Bookman-DemiItalic
CR CourierCI Courier-Oblique
CB Courier-Bold
CBI Courier-BoldOblique
HR HelveticaHI Helvetica-Oblique
HB Helvetica-Bold
HBI Helvetica-BoldOblique
HNR Helvetica-Narrow
HNI Helvetica-Narrow-Oblique
HNB Helvetica-Narrow-Bold
HNBI Helvetica-Narrow-BoldOblique
NR NewCenturySchlbk-Roman
NI NewCenturySchlbk-Italic
NB NewCenturySchlbk-Bold
NBI NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalic
PR Palatino-Roman
PI Palatino-Italic
PB Palatino-Bold
PBI Palatino-BoldItalic
TR Times-Roman
TI Times-Italic
Groff Version 1.19.2Last change: 21 October 2010 3 User Commands GROPS(1)TB Times-Bold
TBI Times-BoldItalic
There is also the following font which is not a member of a family:ZCMI ZapfChancery-MediumItalic
There are also some special fonts called S for the PS Symbol font, and SS, containing slanted lowercase Greek letters taken from PS Symbol. Zapf Dingbats is available as ZD and a reversed version of ZapfDingbats (with symbols pointing in the opposite direction) is available as ZDR; most characters in these fonts are unnamed and must be accessed using [rs]N. The default color for [rs]m and [rs]M is black; for colors defined in the `rgb' color space, setrgbcolor is used, for `cmy' and `cmyk' setcmykcolor, and for `gray' setgray. Note that setcmykcolor is a PostScript LanguageLevel~2 command and thus not available on some older printers.grops understands various X~commands produced using the
[rs]X escape sequence; grops will only interpret commands
that begin with a ps: tag. [rs]X'ps: exec code' This executes the arbitrary PostScript commands in code. The PostScript currentpoint will be set to the position of the [rs]X command before executing code. The origin will be at the top left corner of the page, and y~coordinates will increase down the page. A procedure~u will be defined that converts groff units to the coordinate system in effect. For example, .nr x 1i [rs]X'ps: exec [rs]nx u 0 rlineto stroke' will draw a horizontal line one inch long. code may make changes to the graphics state, but any changes will persist only to the end of the page. A dictionary containing the definitions specified by the def and mdef will be on top of the dictionary stack. If your code adds definitions to this dictionary, you should allocate space for them using [rs]X'ps mdef n'. Any definitions will persist only until the end of the page. If you use the [rs]Y escape sequence with anargument that names a macro, code can extend over mul-
tiple lines. For example, .nr x 1i .de y Groff Version 1.19.2Last change: 21 October 2010 4 User Commands GROPS(1) ps: exec [rs]nx u 0 rlineto stroke .. [rs]Yy is another way to draw a horizontal line one inch long. [rs]X'ps: file name' This is the same as the exec command except that the PostScript code is read from file name. [rs]X'ps: def code' Place a PostScript definition contained in code in the prologue. There should be at most one definition per [rs]X command. Long definitions can be split overseveral [rs]X commands; all the code arguments are sim-
ply joined together separated by newlines. The defini-
tions are placed in a dictionary which is automatically pushed on the dictionary stack when an exec command is executed. If you use the [rs]Y escape sequence with anargument that names a macro, code can extend over mul-
tiple lines. [rs]X'ps: mdef n code' Like def, except that code may contain up ton~definitions. grops needs to know how many defini-
tions code contains so that it can create an appropri-
ately sized PostScript dictionary to contain them. [rs]X'ps: import file llx lly urx ury width [ height ]' Import a PostScript graphic from file. The arguments llx, lly, urx, and ury give the bounding box of the graphic in the default PostScript coordinate system; they should all be integers; llx and lly are the x and y~coordinates of the lower left corner of the graphic; urx and ury are the x and y~coordinates of the upper right corner of the graphic; width and height are integers that give the desired width and height in groff units of the graphic. The graphic will be scaled so that it has this width and height and translated so that the lower left corner of the graphic is located at the position associated with [rs]X command. If the height argument is omitted it will be scaled uniformly in the x and y~directions so that it has the specified width. Note that the contents of the [rs]X command are not interpreted by troff; so vertical space for the graphic is not automatically added, and the width andheight arguments are not allowed to have attached scal-
ing indicators. If the PostScript file complies with the Adobe Document Structuring Conventions and containsa %%BoundingBox comment, then the bounding box can be
Groff Version 1.19.2Last change: 21 October 2010 5 User Commands GROPS(1) automatically extracted from within groff by using the psbb request.See groff_tmac(5) for a description of the PSPIC macro
which provides a convenient high-level interface for
inclusion of PostScript graphics. [rs]X'ps: invis' [rs]X'ps: endinvis'No output will be generated for text and drawing com-
mands that are bracketed with these [rs]X commands. These commands are intended for use when output from troff will be previewed before being processed withgrops; if the previewer is unable to display certain
characters or other constructs, then other substitute characters or constructs can be used for previewing by bracketing them with these [rs]X commands. For example, gxditview is not able to display a proper [rs](em character because the standard X11 fonts do not provide it; this problem can be overcome by executing the following request .char [rs](em [rs]X'ps: invis'[rs][rs]Z'[rs]v'-.25m'[rs]h'.05m'[rs]D'l .9m 0'[rs]h'.05m''[rs]
[rs]X'ps: endinvis'[rs](em In this case, gxditview will be unable to display the[rs](em character and will draw the line, whereas grops
will print the [rs](em character and ignore the line (this code is already in file Xps.tmac which will beloaded if a document intended for grops is previewed
with gxditview).The input to grops must be in the format output by
gtroff(1). This is described in groff_out(5).
In addition, the device and font description files for the device used must meet certain requirements. The device and font description files supplied for ps device meet all these requirements. afmtodit(1) can be used to create font files from AFM files. The resolution must be an integer multiple of~72 times the sizescale. The ps device uses a resolution of 72000 and a sizescale of 1000. The device description file must contain a valid paper size;see groff_font(5) for more information.
Each font description file must contain a command internalname psname Groff Version 1.19.2Last change: 21 October 2010 6 User Commands GROPS(1) which says that the PostScript name of the font is psname. It may also contain a commandencoding enc_file
which says that the PostScript font should be reencodedusing the encoding described in enc_file; this file should
consist of a sequence of lines of the form: pschar code where pschar is the PostScript name of the character, and code is its position in the encoding expressed as a decimal integer; valid values are in the range 0 to~255. Linesstarting with # and blank lines are ignored. The code for
each character given in the font file must correspond to the code for the character in encoding file, or to the code in the default encoding for the font if the PostScript font is not to be reencoded. This code can be used with the [rs]N escape sequence in troff to select the character, even if the character does not have a groff name. Every character in the font file must exist in the PostScript font, and the widths given in the font file must match the widths used inthe PostScript font. grops will assume that a character
with a groff name of space is blank (makes no marks on the page); it can make use of such a character to generate more efficient and compact PostScript output.Note that grops is able to display all glyphs in a
PostScript font, not only 256. enc_file (or the default
encoding if no encoding file specified) just defines the order of glyphs for the first 256 characters; all other glyphs are accessed with additional encoding vectors whichgrops produces on the fly.
grops can automatically include the downloadable fonts
necessary to print the document. Such fonts must be in PFAformat. Use pfbtops(1) to convert a Type~1 font in PFB for-
mat. Any downloadable fonts which should, when required, beincluded by grops must be listed in the file
/usr/share/groff/1.19.2/font/devps/download; this should consist of lines of the form font filename where font is the PostScript name of the font, and filename is the name of the file containing the font; lines beginningwith # and blank lines are ignored; fields may be separated
by tabs or spaces; filename will be searched for using the same mechanism that is used for groff font metric files. The download file itself will also be searched for using this mechanism; currently, only the first found file in the Groff Version 1.19.2Last change: 21 October 2010 7 User Commands GROPS(1) font path is used.If the file containing a downloadable font or imported docu-
ment conforms to the Adobe Document Structuring Conventions,then grops will interpret any comments in the files suffi-
ciently to ensure that its own output is conforming. It will also supply any needed font resources that are listed in the download file as well as any needed file resources.It is also able to handle inter-resource dependencies. For
example, suppose that you have a downloadable font calledGaramond, and also a downloadable font called Garamond-
Outline which depends on Garamond (typically it would be defined to copy Garamond's font dictionary, and change the PaintType), then it is necessary for Garamond to appearbefore Garamond-Outline in the PostScript document. grops
will handle this automatically provided that the download-
able font file for Garamond-Outline indicates its dependence
on Garamond by means of the Document Structuring Conven-
tions, for example by beginning with the following lines%!PS-Adobe-3.0 Resource-Font
%%DocumentNeededResources: font Garamond
%%EndComments
%%IncludeResource: font Garamond
In this case both Garamond and Garamond-Outline would need
to be listed in the download file. A downloadable fontshould not include its own name in a %%DocumentSupplied-
Resources comment.grops will not interpret %%DocumentFonts comments. The
%%DocumentNeededResources, %%DocumentSuppliedResources,
%%IncludeResource, %%BeginResource, and %%EndResource com-
ments (or possibly the old %%DocumentNeededFonts,
%%DocumentSuppliedFonts, %%IncludeFont, %%BeginFont, and
%%EndFont comments) should be used.
Encapsulated PostScriptgrops itself doesn't emit bounding box information. With
the help of GhostScript the following commands will produce an encapsulated PS file foo.eps from input file foo:groff -P-b16 foo > foo.ps
gs -dNOPAUSE -sDEVICE=bbox -- foo.ps 2> foo.bbox
cat foo.ps | sed -e '/%%Orientation/rfoo.bbx' > foo.eps
rm foo.bbx TrueType fontsTrueType fonts can be used with grops if converted first to
Type 42 format, an especial PostScript wrapper equivalent to the PFA format mentioned in pfbtops(1). There are several different methods to generate a type42 wrapper and most of Groff Version 1.19.2Last change: 21 October 2010 8 User Commands GROPS(1) them involve the use of a PostScript interpreter such asGhostscript - see gs(1). Yet, the easiest method involves
the use of the application ttftot42. This program uses freetype(3) (version 1.3.1) to generate type42 font wrappersand well-formed AFM files that can be fed to the afmtodit(1)
script to create appropriate metric files. The resulting font wrappers should be added to the download file. ttftot42 source code can be downloaded from ENVIRONMENTGROPS_PROLOGUE
If this is set to foo, then grops will use the file foo
(in the font path) instead of the default prologue fileprologue. The option -P overrides this environment
variable. FILES/usr/share/groff/1.19.2/font/devps/DESC Device description file.
/usr/share/groff/1.19.2/font/devps/F Font description file for font F. /usr/share/groff/1.19.2/font/devps/download List of downloadable fonts. /usr/share/groff/1.19.2/font/devps/text.enc Encoding used for text fonts. /usr/share/groff/1.19.2/tmac/ps.tmac
Macros for use with grops; automatically loaded by
troffrc /usr/share/groff/1.19.2/tmac/pspic.tmac Definition of PSPIC macro, automatically loaded by ps.tmac. /usr/share/groff/1.19.2/tmac/psold.tmac Macros to disable use of characters not present in older PostScript printers (e.g. `eth' or `thorn')./tmp/gropsXXXXXX
Temporary file.ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes: Groff Version 1.19.2Last change: 21 October 2010 9 User Commands GROPS(1)____________________________________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Availability | SUNWgroff ||_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Interface stability | Uncommitted ||_____________________________|_____________________________|
SEE ALSO
afmtodit(1), groff(1), gtroff(1), pfbtops(1), groff_out(5),
groff_font(5), groff_char(7), groff_tmac(5)
Groff Version 1.19.2Last change: 21 October 2010 10