Manual Pages for UNIX Operating System command usage for man ddi_umem_free

Kernel Functions for Drivers                   ddi_umem_alloc(9F)



NAME
     ddi_umem_alloc, ddi_umem_free  -  allocate  and  free  page-
     aligned kernel memory

SYNOPSIS
     #include 
     #include 

     void *ddi_umem_alloc(size_t size, int flag,
          ddi_umem_cookie_t *cookiep);


     void ddi_umem_free(ddi_umem_cookie_t cookie);


INTERFACE LEVEL
     Solaris DDI specific (Solaris DDI).

PARAMETERS
  ddi_umem_alloc()
     size       Number of bytes to allocate.


     flag       Used to determine the sleep and  pageable  condi-
                tions.

                Possible sleep flags  are  DDI_UMEM_SLEEP,  which
                allows  sleeping  until  memory is available, and
                DDI_UMEM_NOSLEEP, which returns NULL  immediately
                if memory is not available.

                The  default  condition  is  to  allocate  locked
                memory;  this can be changed to allocate pageable
                memory using the DDI_UMEM_PAGEABLE flag.


     cookiep    Pointer to a kernel memory cookie.


  ddi_umem_free()
     cookie    A    kernel    memory    cookie    allocated    in
               ddi_umem_alloc().


DESCRIPTION
     ddi_umem_alloc() allocates page-aligned  kernel  memory  and
     returns  a  pointer  to  the allocated memory. The number of
     bytes allocated is  a  multiple  of  the  system  page  size
     (roundup  of  size). The allocated memory can be used in the
     kernel and can be exported to user space. See devmap(9E) and
     devmap_umem_setup(9F) for further information.




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Kernel Functions for Drivers                   ddi_umem_alloc(9F)



     flag determines whether the caller can sleep for memory  and
     whether   the   allocated   memory   is   locked   or   not.
     DDI_UMEM_SLEEP allocations may sleep but are  guaranteed  to
     succeed.  DDI_UMEM_NOSLEEP  allocations do not sleep but may
     fail (return NULL) if memory is  currently  unavailable.  If
     DDI_UMEM_PAGEABLE is set, pageable memory will be allocated.
     These pages can be swapped out to secondary memory  devices.
     The    initial    contents   of   memory   allocated   using
     ddi_umem_alloc() is zero-filled.


     *cookiep is a pointer  to  the  kernel  memory  cookie  that
     describes  the  kernel memory being allocated. A typical use
     of cookiep is in devmap_umem_setup(9F) when the drivers want
     to export the kernel memory to a user application.


     To free the allocated memory, a driver calls ddi_umem_free()
     with    the    cookie    obtained   from   ddi_umem_alloc().
     ddi_umem_free() releases the entire buffer.

RETURN VALUES
     Non-null    Successful completion. ddi_umem_alloc()  returns
                 a pointer to the allocated memory.


     NULL        Memory cannot be allocated  by  ddi_umem_alloc()
                 because  DDI_UMEM_NOSLEEP  is set and the system
                 is out of resources.


CONTEXT
     ddi_umem_alloc() can be called from any context if  flag  is
     set   to   DDI_UMEM_NOSLEEP.   If   DDI_UMEM_SLEEP  is  set,
     ddi_umem_alloc() can be called from user and kernel  context
     only. ddi_umem_free() can be called from any context.

SEE ALSO
     devmap(9E),       condvar(9F),        devmap_umem_setup(9F),
     kmem_alloc(9F), mutex(9F), rwlock(9F), semaphore(9F)


     Writing Device Drivers

WARNINGS
     Setting the DDI_UMEM_PAGEABLE flag in ddi_umem_alloc()  will
     result  in  an  allocation of pageable memory. Because these
     pages can  be  swapped  out  to  secondary  memory  devices,
     drivers should use this flag with care. This memory must not
     be used for the following purposes:

         o    For  synchronization  objects  such  as  locks  and



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Kernel Functions for Drivers                   ddi_umem_alloc(9F)



              condition  variables. See mutex(9F), semaphore(9F),
              rwlock(9F), and condvar(9F).

         o    For driver interrupt routines.


     Memory  allocated  using  ddi_umem_alloc()  without  setting
     DDI_UMEM_PAGEABLE  flag cannot be paged. Available memory is
     therefore limited by the total physical memory on  the  sys-
     tem.  It  is  also  limited  by the available kernel virtual
     address space, which is  often  the  more  restrictive  con-
     straint on large-memory configurations.


     Excessive use of kernel memory is likely to  effect  overall
     system  performance.  Over-commitment  of  kernel memory may
     cause unpredictable consequences.


     Misuse of the kernel memory allocator, such as writing  past
     the  end of a buffer, using a buffer after freeing it, free-
     ing a buffer twice, or  freeing  an  invalid  pointer,  will
     cause the system to corrupt data or panic.


     Do  not  call  ddi_umem_alloc()   within   DDI_SUSPEND   and
     DDI_RESUME operations. Memory acquired at these times is not
     reliable. In some cases, such a call can cause a  system  to
     hang.

NOTES
     ddi_umem_alloc(0,  flag,  cookiep)  always   returns   NULL.
     ddi_umem_free(NULL) has no effects on system.






















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