User Commands dcraw(1)
NAME
dcraw - command-line decoder for raw digital photos
SYNOPSIS
dcraw [OPTION]... [FILE]...
DESCRIPTION
dcraw decodes raw photos, displays metadata, and extracts
thumbnails. GENERAL OPTIONS-v Print verbose messages, not just warnings and errors.
-c Write decoded images or thumbnails to standard output.
-e Extract the camera-generated thumbnail, not the raw
image. You'll get either a JPEG or a PPM file, depend-
ing on the camera.-z Change the access and modification times of an AVI,
JPEG, TIFF or raw file to when the photo was taken, assuming that the camera clock was set to Universal Time.-i Identify files but don't decode them. Exit status is 0
if dcraw can decode the last file, 1 if it can't. -i
-v shows metadata.
dcraw
cannot decode JPEG files!! REPAIR OPTIONS-P deadpixels.txt
Read the dead pixel list from this file instead of".badpixels". See FILES for a description of the for-
mat.-K darkframe.pgm
Subtract a dark frame from the raw data. To generate a dark frame, shoot a raw photo with no light and dodcraw -D -4 -j -t 0.
-k darkness
When shadows appear foggy, you need to raise the dark-
ness level. To measure this, apply pamsumm -mean to
the dark frame generated above.-S saturation
When highlights appear pink, you need to lower the saturation level. To measure this, take a picture ofsomething shiny and do dcraw -D -4 -j -c photo.raw |
pamsumm -max
SunOS 5.10 Last change: May 14, 2009 1User Commands dcraw(1)
The default darkness and saturation are usually correct.-n noise_threshold
Use wavelets to erase noise while preserving real detail. The best threshold should be somewhere between 100 and 1000.-C red_mag blue_mag
Enlarge the raw red and blue layers by the given fac-
tors, typically 0.999 to 1.001, to correct chromatic aberration.-H 0 Clip all highlights to solid white (default).
-H 1 Leave highlights unclipped in various shades of pink.
-H 2 Blend clipped and unclipped values together for a gra-
dual fade to white.-H 3+
Reconstruct highlights. Low numbers favor whites; highnumbers favor colors. Try -H 5 as a compromise. If
that's not good enough, do -H 9, cut out the non-white
highlights, and paste them into an image generated with-H 3.
COLOR OPTIONSBy default, dcraw uses a fixed white balance based on a
color chart illuminated with a standard D65 lamp.-w Use the white balance specified by the camera. If this
is not found, print a warning and use another method.-a Calculate the white balance by averaging the entire
image.-A left top width height
Calculate the white balance by averaging a rectangulararea. First do dcraw -j -t 0 and select an area of
neutral grey color.-r mul0 mul1 mul2 mul3
Specify your own raw white balance. These multiplierscan be cut and pasted from the output of dcraw -v.
+M or -M
Use (or don't use) any color matrix from the camerametadata. The default is +M if -w is set, -M other-
wise. This option only affects Olympus, Leaf, and Phase One cameras.-o [0-5]
SunOS 5.10 Last change: May 14, 2009 2User Commands dcraw(1)
Select the output colorspace when the -p option is not
used: 0 Raw color (unique to each camera) 1 sRGB D65 (default) 2 Adobe RGB (1998) D65 3 Wide Gamut RGB D65 4 Kodak ProPhoto RGB D65 5 XYZ-p camera.icm [ -o output.icm ]
Use ICC profiles to define the camera's raw colorspace and the desired output colorspace (sRGB by default).-p embed
Use the ICC profile embedded in the raw photo. INTERPOLATION OPTIONS-d Show the raw data as a grayscale image with no interpo-
lation. Good for photographing black-and-white docu-
ments.-D Same as -d, but totally raw (no color scaling).
-h Output a half-size color image. Twice as fast as -q 0.
-q 0 Use high-speed, low-quality bilinear interpolation.
-q 1 Use Variable Number of Gradients (VNG) interpolation.
-q 2 Use Patterned Pixel Grouping (PPG) interpolation.
-q 3 Use Adaptive Homogeneity-Directed (AHD) interpolation.
-f Interpolate RGB as four colors. Use this if the output
shows false 2x2 meshes with VNG or mazes with AHD.-m number_of_passes
After interpolation, clean up color artifacts byrepeatedly applying a 3x3 median filter to the R-G and
B-G channels.
OUTPUT OPTIONS
By default, dcraw writes PGM/PPM/PAM with 8-bit samples, a
BT.709 gamma curve, a histogram-based white level, and no
metadata.-W Use a fixed white level, ignoring the image histogram.
-b brightness
Divide the white level by this number, 1.0 by default. SunOS 5.10 Last change: May 14, 2009 3User Commands dcraw(1)
-g power toe_slope
Set the gamma curve, by default BT.709 (-g 2.222 4.5).
If you prefer sRGB gamma, use -g 2.4 12.92. For a sim-
ple power curve, set the toe slope to zero.-6 Write sixteen bits per sample instead of eight.
-4 Linear 16-bit, same as -6 -W -g 1 1.
-T Write TIFF with metadata instead of PGM/PPM/PAM.
-t [0-7,90,180,270]
Flip the output image. By default, dcraw applies the
flip specified by the camera. -t 0 disables all flip-
ping.-j For Fuji Super CCD cameras, show the image tilted 45
degrees. For cameras with non-square pixels, do not
stretch the image to its correct aspect ratio. In any case, this option guarantees that each output pixel corresponds to one raw pixel.-s [0..N-1] or -s all
If a file contains N raw images, choose one or "all" todecode. For example, Fuji Super CCD SR cameras gen-
erate a second image underexposed four stops to show detail in the highlights. FILES :./.badpixels, ../.badpixels, ../../.badpixels, ...List of your camera's dead pixels, so that dcraw can
interpolate around them. Each line specifies the column, row, and UNIX time of death for one pixel. For example:962 91 1028350000 # died between August 1 and 4, 2002
1285 1067 0 # don't know when this pixel died
These coordinates are before any cropping or rotation,so use dcraw -j -t 0 to locate dead pixels.
SEE ALSO
pgm(5), ppm(5), pam(5), pamsumm(1), pnmgamma(1), pnmto-
tiff(1), pnmtopng(1), gphoto2(1), cjpeg(1), djpeg(1) AUTHOR Written by David Coffin, dcoffin a cybercom o net SunOS 5.10 Last change: May 14, 2009 4