User Commands dc(1)
NAME
dc - desk calculator
SYNOPSIS
/usr/bin/dc [filename]
/usr/xpg6/bin/dc [filename]
DESCRIPTION
dc is an arbitrary precision arithmetic package. Ordinarily
it operates on decimal integers, but one may specify an input base, output base, and a number of fractional digitsto be maintained. The overall structure of dc is a stacking
(reverse Polish) calculator. If an argument is given, inputis taken from that file until its end, then from the stan-
dard input.bc is a preprocessor for dc that provides infix notation and
a C-like syntax that implements functions. bc also provides
reasonable control structures for programs. See bc(1).USAGE
/usr/bin/dc, /usr/xpg6/bin/dc
The following constructions are recognized under both/usr/bin/dc and /usr/xpg6/bin/dc:
number The value of the number is pushed on the stack. A number is an unbroken string of thedigits 0-9. It may be preceded by an under-
score (_) to input a negative number. Numbers
may contain decimal points. sx The top of the stack is popped and stored into a register named x, where x may be any character. If the s is capitalized, x is treated as a stack and the value is pushed on it. lx The value in register x is pushed on the stack. The register x is not altered. All registers start with zero value. If the l is capitalized, register x is treated as a stack and its top value is popped onto the main stack.SunOS 5.11 Last change: 29 Aug 2003 1
User Commands dc(1)
d The top value on the stack is duplicated. p The top value on the stack is printed. The top value remains unchanged. P Interprets the top of the stack as an ASCII string, removes it, and prints it. f All values on the stack are printed. q Exits the program. If executing a string, the recursion level is popped by two. Q Exits the program. The top value on the stack is popped and the string execution level is popped by that value. x Treats the top element of the stack as a character string and executes it as a stringof dc commands.
X Replaces the number on the top of the stack with its scale factor. [ ... ] Puts the bracketed ASCII string onto the top of the stack.x =x The top two elements of the stack are popped and compared. Register x is evaluated if they obey the stated relation. v Replaces the top element on the stack by its square root. Any existing fractional part of the argument is taken into account, but otherwise the scale factor is ignored. ! Interprets the rest of the line as a shell command. SunOS 5.11 Last change: 29 Aug 2003 2
User Commands dc(1)
c All values on the stack are popped. i The top value on the stack is popped and used as the number radix for further input. I Pushes the input base on the top of the stack. o The top value on the stack is popped and used as the number radix for further output. O Pushes the output base on the top of the stack. k The top of the stack is popped, and thatvalue is used as a non-negative scale fac-
tor: the appropriate number of places areprinted on output, and maintained during mul-
tiplication, division, and exponentiation. The interaction of scale factor, input base, and output base will be reasonable if all are changed together. K Pushes the current scale factor on the top of the stack. z The stack level is pushed onto the stack. Z Replaces the number on the top of the stack with its length. ? A line of input is taken from the input source (usually the terminal) and executed.Y Displays dc debugging information.
; : Used by bc(1) for array operations./usr/bin/dc
SunOS 5.11 Last change: 29 Aug 2003 3
User Commands dc(1)
The following construction is recognized under /usr/bin/dc,
using the scale of whatever the result is.+ - / * % ^ The top two values on the stack are added
(+), subtracted (-), multiplied (*),
divided (/), remaindered (%), or exponen-
tiated (^). The two entries are popped off the stack; the result is pushed on the stack in their place. Any fractional part of an exponent is ignored./usr/xpg6/bin/dc
The following construction is recognized under/usr/xpg6/bin/dc. The results of division are forced to be a
scale of 20.+ - / * % ^ The top two values on the stack are added
(+), subtracted (-), multiplied (*),
divided (/), remaindered (%), or exponen-
tiated (^). The two entries are popped off the stack. The result is pushed on the stack in their place. Any fractional part of an exponent is ignored.Ensures that the scale set prior to divi-
sion is the scale of the result.EXAMPLES
Example 1 Printing the first ten values of n! This example prints the first ten values of n!: [la1+dsa*pla10>y]sy 0sa1 lyxATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:SunOS 5.11 Last change: 29 Aug 2003 4
User Commands dc(1)
________________________________________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
|_____________________________|_________________________________|
| Availability | system/extended-system-utilities|
|_____________________________|_________________________________|
SEE ALSO
bc(1), attributes(5) DIAGNOSTICS x is unimplemented x is an octal number. out of space The free list is exhausted (too many digits). out of stack space Too many pushes onto the stack (stack overflow). empty stack Too many pops from the stack (stack underflow).nesting depth Too many levels of nested exe-
cution. divide by 0 Division by zero. sqrt of neg number Square root of a negativenumber is not defined (no ima-
ginary numbers).exp not an integer dc only processes integer
exponentiation. exp too big The largest exponent allowed is 999. input base is too large The input base x: 2<= x <= 16. input base is too small The input base x: 2<= x <= 16.SunOS 5.11 Last change: 29 Aug 2003 5
User Commands dc(1)
output base is too large The output base must be nolarger than BC_BASE_MAX.
invalid scale factor Scale factor cannot be less than 1. scale factor is too large A scale factor cannot be largerthan BC_SCALE_MAX.
symbol table overflow Too many variables have been specified. invalid index Index cannot be less than 1. index is too large An index cannot be larger thanBC_DIM_MAX.
SunOS 5.11 Last change: 29 Aug 2003 6