System Administration Commands bart(1M)
NAME
bart - basic audit reporting tool
SYNOPSIS
/usr/bin/bart create [ -n] [-R root_directory]
[-r rules_file | -]
/usr/bin/bart create [-n] [-R root_directory] -I
[file_name]...
/usr/bin/bart compare [-i attribute ] [-p]
[-r rules_file | -] control-manifest test-manifest
DESCRIPTION
bart(1M) is a tool that performs a file-level check of the
software contents of a system. You can also specify the files to track and the types ofdiscrepancies to flag by means of a rules file, bart_rules.
See bart_rules(4).
The bart utility performs two basic functions:
bart create The manifest generator tool takes a file-
level snapshot of a system. The output is a catalog of file attributes referred to as amanifest. See bart_manifest(4).
You can specify that the list of files becataloged in three ways. Use bart create
with no options, specify the files by name on the command line, or create a rules file with directives that specify which the filesto monitor. See bart_rules(4).
By default, the manifest generator catalogs all attributes of all files in the root (/) file system. File systems mounted on the root file system are cataloged only if theyare of the same type as the root file sys-
tem. For example, /, /usr, and /opt are separate UFS file systems. /usr and /opt are mounted on /. Therefore, all three file systems are cataloged. However, /tmp, also mounted on /, is not cataloged because it is a TMPFS fileSunOS 5.11 Last change: 26 Oct 2005 1
System Administration Commands bart(1M)
system. Mounted CD-ROMs are not cataloged
since they are HSFS file systems.bart compare The report tool compares two manifests. The
output is a list of per-file attribute
discrepancies. These discrepancies are the differences between two manifests: a control manifest and a test manifest. A discrepancy is a change to any attributefor a given file cataloged by both mani-
fests. A new file or a deleted file in a manifest is reported as a discrepancy. The reporting mechanism provides two types of output: verbose and programmatic. Verboseoutput is localized and presented on multi-
ple lines, while programmatic output is moreeasily parsable by other programs. See OUT-
PUT.By default, the report tool generates ver-
bose output where all discrepancies are reported except for modified directory timestamps (dirmtime attribute). To ensure consistent and accurate comparisonresults, control-manifest and test-manifest
must be built with the same rules file. Use the rules file to ignore specified files or subtrees when you generate a manifest or compare two manifests. Userscan compare manifests from different perspectives by re-
running the bart compare command with different rules files.
OPTIONS The following options are supported:-i attribute ... Specify the file attributes to be
ignored globally. Specify attributes as a comma separated list. This option produces the same behavior as supplying the file attributes to a global IGNORE keyword in the rulesfile. See bart_rules(4).
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System Administration Commands bart(1M)
-I [file_name...] Specify the input list of files. The
file list can be specified at the com-
mand line or read from standard input.-n Prevent computation of content signa-
tures for all regular files in the file list.-p Display manifest comparison output in
``programmatic mode,'' which is suit-
able for programmatic parsing. The out-
put is not localized.-r rules_file Use rules_file to specify which files
and directories to catalog, and todefine which file attribute discrepan-
cies to flag. If rules_file is -, then
the rules are read from standard input.See bart_rules(4) for the definition of
the syntax.-R root_directory Specify the root directory for the man-
ifest. All paths specified by the rules, and all paths reported in the manifest, are relative toroot_directory.
Note -
The root file system of any non-
global zones must not be referencedwith the -R option. Doing so might
damage the global zone's file system, might compromise the security of the global zone, and might damage thenon-global zone's file system. See
zones(5). OPERANDSbart allows quoting of operands. This is particularly impor-
tant for white-space appearing in subtree and subtree modif-
ier specifications. The following operands are supported:SunOS 5.11 Last change: 26 Oct 2005 3
System Administration Commands bart(1M)
control-manifest Specify the manifest created by bart
create on the control system.test-manifest Specify the manifest created by bart
create on the test system.OUTPUT
The bart create and bart compare commands write output to
standard output, and write error messages to standard error.The bart create command generates a system manifest. See
bart_manifest(4).
When the bart compare command compares two system manifests,
it generates a list of file differences. By default, thecomparison output is localized. However, if the -p option is
specified, the output is generated in a form that is suit-
able for programmatic manipulation. Default Format filename attribute control:xxxx test:yyyyfilename Name of the file that differs between control-
manifest and test-manifest. For file names that
contain embedded whitespace or newline charac-
ters, see bart_manifest(4).
attribute The name of the file attribute that differs between the manifests that are compared. xxxxis the attribute value from control-manifest,
and yyyy is the attribute value from test-
manifest. When discrepancies for multiple attributes occur for the same file, each difference is noted on a separate line. The following attributes are supported: acl ACL attributes for the file. For a file with ACL attributes, this field contains the output from acltotext().SunOS 5.11 Last change: 26 Oct 2005 4
System Administration Commands bart(1M)
all All attributes. contents Checksum value of the file. This attribute is only specified forregular files. If you turn off con-
text checking or if checksums can-
not be computed, the value of thisfield is -.
dest Destination of a symbolic link. devnode Value of the device node. This attribute is for character device files and block device files only. dirmtime Modification time in seconds since 00:00:00 UTC, January 1, 1970 for directories. gid Numerical group ID of the owner of this entry. lnmtime Creation time for links. mode Octal number that represents the permissions of the file. mtime Modification time in seconds since 00:00:00 UTC, January 1, 1970 for files. size File size in bytes. type Type of file. uid Numerical user ID of the owner of this entry.SunOS 5.11 Last change: 26 Oct 2005 5
System Administration Commands bart(1M)
The following default output shows the attribute differences for the /etc/passwd file. The output indicates that the size, mtime, and contents attributes have changed. /etc/passwd: size control:74 test:81 mtime control:3c165879 test:3c165979 contents control:daca28ae0de97afd7a6b91fde8d57afa test:84b2b32c4165887355317207b48a6ec7 Programmatic Formatfilename attribute control-val test-val [attribute control-val test-val]*
filename Same as filename in the default format.attribute control-val test-val
A description of the file attributes that differ between the control and test manifests for each file. Each entry includes the attribute value from each manifest. Seebart_manifest(4) for the definition of the attributes.
Each line of the programmatic output describes all attribute differences for a single file. The following programmatic output shows the attribute differences for the /etc/passwd file. The output indicates that the size, mtime, and contents attributes have changed. /etc/passwd size 74 81 mtime 3c165879 3c165979 contents daca28ae0de97afd7a6b91fde8d57afa 84b2b32c4165887355317207b48a6ec7 EXIT STATUS Manifest Generator The manifest generator returns the following exit values: 0 SuccessSunOS 5.11 Last change: 26 Oct 2005 6
System Administration Commands bart(1M)
1 Non-fatal error when processing files; for example,
permission problems>1 Fatal error; for example, invalid command-line options
Report Tool The report tool returns the following exit values: 0 No discrepancies reported 1 Discrepancies found >1 Fatal error executing comparisonEXAMPLES
Example 1 Creating a Default Manifest Without Computing Checksums The following command line creates a default manifest, whichconsists of all files in the / file system. The -n option
prevents computation of checksums, which causes the manifest to be generated more quickly.bart create -n
Example 2 Creating a Manifest for a Specified Subtree The following command line creates a manifest that contains all files in the /home/nickiso subtree.bart create -R /home/nickiso
Example 3 Creating a Manifest by Using Standard InputThe following command line uses output from the find(1) com-
mand to generate the list of files to be cataloged. The findoutput is used as input to the bart create command that
specifies the -I option.
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System Administration Commands bart(1M)
find /home/nickiso -print | bart create -I
Example 4 Creating a Manifest by Using a Rules File The following command line uses a rules file, rules, to specify the files to be cataloged.bart create -r rules
Example 5 Comparing Two Manifests and Generating Program-
matic OutputThe following command line compares two manifests and pro-
duces output suitable for parsing by a program.bart compare -p manifest1 manifest2
Example 6 Comparing Two Manifests and Specifying Attributes to IgnoreThe following command line compares two manifests. The dirm-
time, lnmtime, and mtime attributes are not compared.bart compare -i dirmtime,lnmtime,mtime manifest1 manifest2
Example 7 Comparing Two Manifests by Using a Rules FileThe following command line uses a rules file, rules, to com-
pare two manifests.bart compare -r rules manifest1 manifest2
ATTRIBUTES
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System Administration Commands bart(1M)
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-
butes:____________________________________________________________
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Availability | security/bart |
|_____________________________|_____________________________|
| Interface Stability | Committed ||_____________________________|_____________________________|
SEE ALSO
cksum(1), digest(1), find(1), bart_manifest(4),
bart_rules(4), attributes(5)
NOTESThe file attributes of certain system libraries can be tem-
porarily altered by the system as it boots. To avoid triggering false warnings, you should compare manifests only if they were both created with the system in the same state;that is, if both were created in single-user or both in
multi-user.
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