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Standard C Library Functions strftime(3C)

NAME

strftime, cftime, ascftime - convert date and time to string

SYNOPSIS

#include

size_t strftime(char *restrict s, size_t maxsize,

const char *restrict format, const struct tm *restrict timeptr);

int cftime(char *s, char *format, const time_t *clock);

int ascftime(char *s, const char *format,

const struct tm *timeptr);

DESCRIPTION

The strftime(), ascftime(), and cftime() functions place

bytes into the array pointed to by s as controlled by the string pointed to by format. The format string consists of

zero or more conversion specifications and ordinary charac-

ters. A conversion specification consists of a '%' (per-

cent) character and one or two terminating conversion char-

acters that determine the conversion specification's

behavior. All ordinary characters (including the terminat-

ing null byte) are copied unchanged into the array pointed

to by s. If copying takes place between objects that over-

lap, the behavior is undefined. For strftime(), no more than maxsize bytes are placed into the array. If format is (char *)0, then the locale's default format is

used. For strftime() the default format is the same as %c;

for cftime() and ascftime() the default format is the same

as %C. cftime() and ascftime() first try to use the value of

the environment variable CFTIME, and if that is undefined or empty, the default format is used. Each conversion specification is replaced by appropriate

characters as described in the following list. The appropri-

ate characters are determined by the LC_TIME category of the

program's locale and by the values contained in the struc-

ture pointed to by timeptr for strftime() and ascftime(),

and by the time represented by clock for cftime().

%% Same as %.

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Standard C Library Functions strftime(3C)

%a Locale's abbreviated weekday name.

%A Locale's full weekday name.

%b Locale's abbreviated month name.

%B Locale's full month name.

Default

%c Locale's appropriate date and time represented as:

%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y

This is the default behavior as well as standard-

conforming behavior for standards first supported by releases prior to Solaris 2.4. See standards(5). Standard conforming

%c Locale's appropriate date and time represented as:

%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y

This is standard-conforming behavior for standards

first supported by Solaris 2.4 through Solaris 10. Default

%C Locale's date and time representation as produced by

date(1).

This is the default behavior as well as standard-

conforming behavior for standards first supported by releases prior to Solaris 2.4. Standard conforming

%C Century number (the year divided by 100 and truncated

to an integer as a decimal number [01,99]).

This is standard-conforming behavior for standards

first supported by Solaris 2.4 through Solaris 10.

%d Day of month [01,31].

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Standard C Library Functions strftime(3C)

%D Date as %m/%d/%y.

%e Day of month [1,31]; single digits are preceded by a

space.

%F Equivalent to %Y-%m-%d (the ISO 8601:2000 standard

date format).

%g Week-based year within century [00,99].

%G Week-based year, including the century [0000,9999].

%h Locale's abbreviated month name.

%H Hour (24-hour clock) [00,23].

%I Hour (12-hour clock) [01,12].

%j Day number of year [001,366].

%k Hour (24-hour clock) [0,23]; single digits are pre-

ceded by a space.

%l Hour (12-hour clock) [1,12]; single digits are pre-

ceded by a space.

%m Month number [01,12].

%M Minute [00,59].

%n Insert a NEWLINE.

%p Locale's equivalent of either a.m. or p.m.

%r Appropriate time representation in 12-hour clock for-

mat with %p.

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%R Time as %H:%M.

%S Seconds [00,60]; the range of values is [00,60] rather

than [00,59] to allow for the occasional leap second.

%t Insert a TAB.

%T Time as %H:%M:%S.

%u Weekday as a decimal number [1,7], with 1 representing

Monday. See NOTES below.

%U Week number of year as a decimal number [00,53], with

Sunday as the first day of week 1.

%V The ISO 8601 week number as a decimal number [01,53].

In the ISO 8601 week-based system, weeks begin on a

Monday and week 1 of the year is the week that includes both January 4th and the first Thursday of the year. If the first Monday of January is the 2nd, 3rd, or 4th, the preceding days are part of the last week of the preceding year. See NOTES below.

%w Weekday as a decimal number [0,6], with 0 representing

Sunday.

%W Week number of year as a decimal number [00,53], with

Monday as the first day of week 1.

%x Locale's appropriate date representation.

%X Locale's appropriate time representation.

%y Year within century [00,99].

%Y Year, including the century (for example 1993).

%z Replaced by offset from UTC in ISO 8601:2000 standard

format (+hhmm or -hhmm), or by no characters if no

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Standard C Library Functions strftime(3C)

time zone is determinable. For example, "-0430" means

4 hours 30 minutes behind UTC (west of Greenwich). If

tm_isdst is zero, the standard time offset is used.

If tm_isdst is greater than zero, the daylight savings

time offset if used. If tm_isdst is negative, no char-

acters are returned.

%Z Time zone name or abbreviation, or no bytes if no time

zone information exists. If a conversion specification does not correspond to any of

the above or to any of the modified conversion specifica-

tions listed below, the behavior is undefined and 0 is returned.

The difference between %U and %W (and also between modified

conversion specifications %OU and %OW) lies in which day is

counted as the first of the week. Week number 1 is the first

week in January starting with a Sunday for %U or a Monday

for %W. Week number 0 contains those days before the first

Sunday or Monday in January for %U and %W, respectively.

Modified Conversion Specifications Some conversion specifications can be modified by the E and

O modifiers to indicate that an alternate format or specifi-

cation should be used rather than the one normally used by the unmodified conversion specification. If the alternate format or specification does not exist in the current

locale, the behavior will be as if the unmodified specifica-

tion were used.

%Ec Locale's alternate appropriate date and time

representation.

%EC Name of the base year (period) in the locale's alter-

nate representation.

%Eg Offset from %EC of the week-based year in the

locale's alternative representation.

%EG Full alternative representation of the week-based

year.

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%Ex Locale's alternate date representation.

%EX Locale's alternate time representation.

%Ey Offset from %EC (year only) in the locale's alternate

representation.

%EY Full alternate year representation.

%Od Day of the month using the locale's alternate numeric

symbols.

%Oe Same as %Od.

%Og Week-based year (offset from %C) in the locale's

alternate representation and using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.

%OH Hour (24-hour clock) using the locale's alternate

numeric symbols.

%OI Hour (12-hour clock) using the locale's alternate

numeric symbols.

%Om Month using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.

%OM Minutes using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.

%OS Seconds using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.

%Ou Weekday as a number in the locale's alternate numeric

symbols.

%OU Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of

the week) using the locale's alternate numeric sym-

bols.

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Standard C Library Functions strftime(3C)

%Ow Number of the weekday (Sunday=0) using the locale's

alternate numeric symbols.

%OW Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of

the week) using the locale's alternate numeric sym-

bols.

%Oy Year (offset from %C) in the locale's alternate

representation and using the locale's alternate numeric symbols. Selecting the Output Language

By default, the output of strftime(), cftime(), and ascf-

time() appear in U.S. English. The user can request that the

output of strftime(), cftime(), or ascftime() be in a

specific language by setting the LC_TIME category using set-

locale(). Time Zone Local time zone information is used as though tzset(3C) were called.

RETURN VALUES

The strftime(), cftime(), and ascftime() functions return

the number of characters placed into the array pointed to by s, not including the terminating null character. If the

total number of resulting characters including the terminat-

ing null character is more than maxsize, strftime() returns 0 and the contents of the array are indeterminate.

EXAMPLES

Example 1 An example of the strftime() function. The following example illustrates the use of strftime() for the POSIX locale. It shows what the string in str would look like if the structure pointed to by tmptr contains the values corresponding to Thursday, August 28, 1986 at 12:44:36.

strftime (str, strsize, "%A %b %d %j", tmptr)

This results in str containing "Thursday Aug 28 240".

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Standard C Library Functions strftime(3C)

ATTRIBUTES

See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attri-

butes:

____________________________________________________________

| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |

|_____________________________|_____________________________|

| CSI | Enabled |

|_____________________________|_____________________________|

| Interface Stability | Committed |

|_____________________________|_____________________________|

| MT-Level | MT-Safe |

|_____________________________|_____________________________|

| Standard | See below. |

|_____________________________|_____________________________|

For strftime(), see standards(5).

SEE ALSO

date(1), ctime(3C), mktime(3C), setlocale(3C), strptime(3C), tzset(3C), TIMEZONE(4), zoneinfo(4), attributes(5), environ(5), standards(5) NOTES

The conversion specification for %V was changed in the

Solaris 7 release. This change was based on the public

review draft of the ISO C9x standard at that time. Previ-

ously, the specification stated that if the week containing 1 January had fewer than four days in the new year, it became week 53 of the previous year. The ISO C9x standard committee subsequently recognized that that specification had been incorrect.

The conversion specifications for %g, %G, %Eg, %EG, and %Og

were added in the Solaris 7 release. This change was based on the public review draft of the ISO C9x standard at that time. These specifications are evolving. If the ISO C9x standard is finalized with a different conclusion, these

specifications will change to conform to the ISO C9x stan-

dard decision.

The conversion specification for %u was changed in the

Solaris 8 release. This change was based on the XPG4 specif-

ication.

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If using the %Z specifier and zoneinfo timezones and if the

input date is outside the range 20:45:52 UTC, December 13, 1901 to 03:14:07 UTC, January 19, 2038, the timezone name may not be correct.

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