Manual Pages for Linux CentOS command on man perltoc

PERLTOC(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLTOC(1)

NAME

perltoc - perl documentation table of contents DESCRIPTION This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section you're looking for. BASIC DOCUMENTATION

perl - The Perl 5 language interpreter SYNOPSIS GETTING HELP Overview Tutorials Reference Manual Internals and C Language Interface Miscellaneous

Language-Specific

Platform-Specific Stubs for Deleted Documents DESCRIPTION AVAILABILITY ENVIRONMENT AUTHOR FILES SEE ALSO DIAGNOSTICS BUGS NOTES perlintro a brief introduction and overview of Perl DESCRIPTION What is Perl? Running Perl programs Safety net Basic syntax overview Perl variable types Scalars, Arrays, Hashes Variable scoping Conditional and looping constructs if, while, for, foreach Builtin operators and functions Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic, Miscellaneous Files and I/O Regular expressions Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions, Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features Writing subroutines OO Perl Using Perl modules AUTHOR

perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references DESCRIPTION Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? The Solution Syntax Making References Using References An Example Arrow Rule Solution The Rest Summary Credits Distribution Conditions

perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook DESCRIPTION arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs REFERENCES COMMON MISTAKES CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS "use strict" DEBUGGING CODE EXAMPLES ARRAYS OF ARRAYS Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS HASHES OF ARRAYS Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS ARRAYS OF HASHES Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES HASHES OF HASHES Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES Generation of a HASH OF HASHES Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES MORE ELABORATE RECORDS Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS Database Ties SEE ALSO AUTHOR

perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl DESCRIPTION Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays Growing Your Own Access and Printing Slices SEE ALSO AUTHOR

perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start DESCRIPTION The Guide Simple word matching Using character classes Matching this or that Grouping things and hierarchical matching Extracting matches Matching repetitions More matching Search and replace The split operator BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT Acknowledgments

perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial DESCRIPTION Part 1: The basics Simple word matching Using character classes Matching this or that Grouping things and hierarchical matching Extracting matches Backreferences Relative backreferences Named backreferences Alternative capture group numbering Position information

Non-capturing groupings Matching repetitions Possessive quantifiers Building a regexp Using regular expressions in Perl Part 2: Power tools More on characters, strings, and character classes Compiling and saving regular expressions Composing regular expressions at runtime Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression Looking ahead and looking behind Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking Conditional expressions Defining named patterns Recursive patterns A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression Backtracking control verbs Pragmas and debugging BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT Acknowledgments

perlootut - Object-Oriented Programming in Perl Tutorial DATE DESCRIPTION

OBJECT-ORIENTED FUNDAMENTALS Object Class Methods Attributes Polymorphism Inheritance Encapsulation Composition Roles When to Use OO PERL OO SYSTEMS Moose

Declarative sugar, Roles built-in, A miniature type system,

Full introspection and manipulation, Self-hosted and extensible, Rich ecosystem, Many more features Class::Accessor Object::Tiny Role::Tiny OO System Summary Moose, Class::Accessor, Object::Tiny, Role::Tiny Other OO Systems CONCLUSION

perlperf - Perl Performance and Optimization Techniques DESCRIPTION OVERVIEW ONE STEP SIDEWAYS ONE STEP FORWARD ANOTHER STEP SIDEWAYS GENERAL GUIDELINES BENCHMARKS Assigning and Dereferencing Variables. Search and replace or tr PROFILING TOOLS Devel::DProf Devel::Profiler Devel::SmallProf Devel::FastProf Devel::NYTProf SORTING Elapsed Real Time, User CPU Time, System CPU Time LOGGING Logging if DEBUG (constant) POSTSCRIPT SEE ALSO PERLDOCS MAN PAGES MODULES URLS AUTHOR

perlstyle - Perl style guide DESCRIPTION

perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet DESCRIPTION The sheet ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AUTHOR SEE ALSO

perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary DESCRIPTION Awk Traps C/C++ Traps Sed Traps Shell Traps Perl Traps Perl4 to Perl5 Traps Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps,

Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts, Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps

Symbols starting with "" no longer forced into main, Double- colon valid package separator in variable name, 2nd and 3rd args to "splice()" are now in scalar context, Can't do "goto" into a block that is optimized away, Can't use whitespace as variable name or quote delimiter, "while/if BLOCK BLOCK" gone, "**" binds tighter than unary minus, "foreach" changed when iterating over a list, "split" with no args behavior changed,

-e behavior fixed, "push" returns number of elements in resulting list, Some error messages differ, "split()" honors subroutine args, Bugs removed Parsing Traps Space between . and = triggers syntax error, Better parsing in

perl 5, Function parsing, String interpolation of $#array differs, Perl guesses on "map", "grep" followed by "{" if it starts BLOCK or hash ref Numerical Traps

Formatted output and significant digits, Auto-increment operator over signed int limit deleted, Assignment of return values from numeric equality tests doesn't work, Bitwise string ops General data type traps Negative array subscripts now count from the end of array,

Setting $#array lower now discards array elements, Hashes get defined before use, Glob assignment from localized variable to variable, Assigning "undef" to glob, Changes in unary negation

(of strings), Modifying of constants prohibited, "defined $var" behavior changed, Variable Suicide

Context Traps - scalar, list contexts Elements of argument lists for formats evaluated in list context, "caller()" returns false value in scalar context if no caller present, Comma operator in scalar context gives scalar

context to args, "sprintf()" prototyped as "($;@)" Precedence Traps LHS vs. RHS of any assignment operator, Semantic errors introduced due to precedence, Precedence of assignment operators same as the precedence of assignment, "open" requires

parentheses around filehandle, $: precedence over $:: gone, Precedence of file test operators documented, "keys", "each", "values" are regular named unary operators General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.

"s'$lhs'$rhs'" interpolates on either side, "m//g" attaches its state to the searched string, "m//o" used within an anonymous

sub, $+ isn't set to whole match, Substitution now returns null string if it fails, "s`lhs`rhs`" is now a normal substitution, Stricter parsing of variables in regular expressions, "m?x?" matches only once, Failed matches don't reset the match variables Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps Barewords that used to look like strings look like subroutine calls, Reverse is no longer allowed as the name of a sort subroutine, "warn()" won't let you specify a filehandle OS Traps SysV resets signal handler correctly, SysV "seek()" appends correctly Interpolation Traps

"@" always interpolates an array in double-quotish strings,

Double-quoted strings may no longer end with an unescaped $, Arbitrary expressions are evaluated inside braces within double

quotes, $$x now tries to dereference $x, Creation of hashes on the fly with "eval "EXPR"" requires protection, Bugs in earlier perl versions, Array and hash brackets during interpolation,

Interpolation of "\$$foo{bar}", "qq()" string passed to "eval" will not find string terminator DBM Traps Perl5 must have been linked with same dbm/ndbm as the default for "dbmopen()", DBM exceeding limit on the key/value size will cause perl5 to exit immediately Unclassified Traps "require"/"do" trap using returned value, "split" on empty string with LIMIT specified

perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial DESCRIPTION use strict

Looking at data and -w and v help Stepping through code Placeholder for a, w, t, T REGULAR EXPRESSIONS OUTPUT TIPS CGI GUIs SUMMARY SEE ALSO AUTHOR CONTRIBUTORS

perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl DESCRIPTION Where to find the perlfaq How to use the perlfaq How to contribute to the perlfaq What if my question isn't answered in the FAQ? TABLE OF CONTENTS

perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2 - Obtaining and

Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4 - Data

Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular

Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 -

System Interaction, perlfaq9 - Web, Email and Networking THE QUESTIONS perlfaq1: General Questions About Perl perlfaq2: Obtaining and Learning about Perl perlfaq3: Programming Tools perlfaq4: Data Manipulation perlfaq5: Files and Formats perlfaq6: Regular Expressions perlfaq7: General Perl Language Issues perlfaq8: System Interaction perlfaq9: Web, Email and Networking CREDITS AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl DESCRIPTION What is Perl? Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? Which version of Perl should I use? What are Perl 4, Perl 5, or Perl 6? What is Perl 6? How stable is Perl? Is Perl difficult to learn? How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl? Can I do [task] in Perl? When shouldn't I program in Perl? What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? What is a JAPH? How can I convince others to use Perl? , AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl DESCRIPTION What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? How can I get a binary version of Perl? I don't have a C compiler. How can I build my own Perl interpreter? I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work. I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? Where can I get information on Perl? , , What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org? , , , Where can I post questions? Perl Books Which magazines have Perl content? Which Perl blogs should I read? What mailing lists are there for Perl? Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? Where do I send bug reports? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq3 - Programming Tools DESCRIPTION How do I do (anything)?

Basics, perldata - Perl data types, perlvar - Perl pre-defined

variables, perlsyn - Perl syntax, perlop - Perl operators and

precedence, perlsub - Perl subroutines, Execution, perlrun -

how to execute the Perl interpreter, perldebug - Perl

debugging, Functions, perlfunc - Perl builtin functions,

Objects, perlref - Perl references and nested data structures,

perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables), perlobj -

Perl objects, perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple

variable, Data Structures, perlref - Perl references and nested

data structures, perllol - Manipulating arrays of arrays in

Perl, perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook, Modules, perlmod

- Perl modules (packages and symbol tables), perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones,

Regexes, perlre - Perl regular expressions, perlfunc - Perl

builtin functions>, perlop - Perl operators and precedence,

perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and

localization), Moving to perl5, perltrap - Perl traps for the

unwary, perl, Linking with C, perlxstut - Tutorial for writing

XSUBs, perlxs - XS language reference manual, perlcall - Perl

calling conventions from C, perlguts - Introduction to the Perl

API, perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program, Various How can I use Perl interactively? How do I find which modules are installed on my system? How do I debug my Perl programs? How do I profile my Perl programs?

How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?

Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl? Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? Eclipse, Enginsite, Komodo, Notepad++, Open Perl IDE, OptiPerl, Padre, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, Visual Perl, Zeus, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Vim, Vile, Codewright, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, ConTEXT, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, Affrus, Alpha, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite Where can I get Perl macros for vi?

Where can I get perl-mode or cperl-mode for emacs? How can I use curses with Perl? How can I write a GUI (X, Tk, Gtk, etc.) in Perl? Tk, Wx, Gtk and Gtk2, Win32::GUI, CamelBones, Qt, Athena How can I make my Perl program run faster? How can I make my Perl program take less memory? Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data? How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? How can I make my CGI script more efficient? How can I hide the source for my Perl program? How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?

How can I get "#!perl" to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]? Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?

Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system? Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?

Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming? Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C program; what am I doing wrong? When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean? What's MakeMaker? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation DESCRIPTION Data: Numbers Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? Why is int() broken? Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions? How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes? How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to binary Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? How do I multiply matrices? How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? How can I output Roman numerals? Why aren't my random numbers random? How do I get a random number between X and Y? Data: Dates How do I find the day or week of the year? How do I find the current century or millennium? How can I compare two dates and find the difference? How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? How can I find the Julian Day? How do I find yesterday's date? Does Perl have a Year 2000 or 2038 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? Data: Strings How do I validate input? How do I unescape a string? How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? How do I expand function calls in a string? How do I find matching/nesting anything? How do I reverse a string? How do I expand tabs in a string? How do I reformat a paragraph? How can I access or change N characters of a string? How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string? How do I capitalize all the words on one line?

How can I split a [character]-delimited string except when inside [character]? How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? How do I extract selected columns from a string? How do I find the soundex value of a string? How can I expand variables in text strings?

What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"? Why don't my < What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]? How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array? How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or array? How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays? How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal? How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true? How do I handle linked lists? How do I handle circular lists? How do I shuffle an array randomly? How do I process/modify each element of an array? How do I select a random element from an array? How do I permute N elements of a list? How do I sort an array by (anything)? How do I manipulate arrays of bits? Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes? Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays) How do I process an entire hash? How do I merge two hashes? What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it? How do I look up a hash element by value? How can I know how many entries are in a hash? How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? How can I always keep my hash sorted? What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes? Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?

How do I reset an each() operation part-way through? How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it? Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it? How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays? How can I use a reference as a hash key? How can I check if a key exists in a multilevel hash? How can I prevent addition of unwanted keys into a hash? Data: Misc How do I handle binary data correctly? How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float? How do I keep persistent data across program calls? How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? How do I define methods for every class/object? How do I verify a credit card checksum? How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq5 - Files and Formats DESCRIPTION How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? How do I change, delete, or insert a line in a file, or append to the beginning of a file? How do I count the number of lines in a file? How do I delete the last N lines from a file?

How can I use Perl's "-i" option from within a program? How can I copy a file? How do I make a temporary file name?

How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files? How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles? How can I use a filehandle indirectly? How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? How can I write() into a string? How can I open a filehandle to a string? How can I output my numbers with commas added? How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?

How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out? Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>? How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? How can I reliably rename a file? How can I lock a file? Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")? I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this? All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a file. Do I still have to use locking? How do I randomly update a binary file? How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? How do I print to more than one file at once? How can I read in an entire file all at once? How can I read in a file by paragraphs? How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?

How do I do a "tail -f" in perl? How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? How do I close a file descriptor by number? Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` work? Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?

Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does "-i" clobber protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? How do I select a random line from a file? Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? How do I traverse a directory tree? How do I delete a directory tree? How do I copy an entire directory? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions DESCRIPTION How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible and unmaintainable code? Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on different lines? How do I match XML, HTML, or other nasty, ugly things with a regex?

I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?

How do I substitute case-insensitively on the LHS while preserving case on the RHS? How can I make "\w" match national character sets?

How can I match a locale-smart version of "/[a-zA-Z]/"? How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? What is "/o" really for?

How do I use a regular expression to strip C-style comments from a file? Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? How do I process each word on each line?

How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary? How can I do approximate matching? How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?

Why don't word-boundary searches with "\b" work for me?

Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down? What good is "\G" in a regular expression? Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? What's wrong with using grep in a void context? How can I match strings with multibyte characters? Martian" How do I match a regular expression that's in a variable? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues DESCRIPTION Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?

What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to use them? Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and commas? How do I skip some return values? How do I temporarily block warnings? What's an extension? Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? How do I declare/create a structure? How do I create a module? How do I adopt or take over a module already on CPAN? How do I create a class? How can I tell if a variable is tainted? What's a closure? What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regex}? Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, Passing Methods How do I create a static variable? What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between local() and my()? How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope? What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?

Why doesn't "my($foo) = <$fh>;" work right? How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? How do I create a switch or case statement? How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or methods? Why can't a method included in this same file be found? How can I find out my current or calling package? How can I comment out a large block of Perl code? How do I clear a package? How can I use a variable as a variable name? What does "bad interpreter" mean? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq8 - System Interaction DESCRIPTION How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? How come exec() doesn't return? How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? Keyboard, Screen, Mouse How do I print something out in color? How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? How do I clear the screen? How do I get the screen size? How do I ask the user for a password? How do I read and write the serial port?

lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non- blocking input How do I decode encrypted password files? How do I start a process in the background? STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies How do I trap control characters/signals? How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? How do I set the time and date? How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? How can I measure time under a second? How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling) Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? How can I capture STDERR from an external command? Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? How can I call backticks without shell processing? Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on

Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)? How can I convert my shell script to perl? Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? How can I write expect in Perl? Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as "ps"? I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible? Unix How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete? How do I fork a daemon process? How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? How do I timeout a slow event? How do I set CPU limits? How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? How do I use an SQL database?

How do I make a system() exit on control-C? How do I open a file without blocking? How do I tell the difference between errors from the shell and perl? How do I install a module from CPAN? What's the difference between require and use? How do I keep my own module/library directory? How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library search path? How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime? the "PERLLIB" environment variable, the "PERL5LIB" environment

variable, the "perl -Idir" command line flag, the "lib" pragma:, the local::lib module: What is socket.ph and where do I get it? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlfaq9 - Web, Email and Networking DESCRIPTION Should I use a web framework? Which web framework should I use? Catalyst, Dancer, Mojolicious, Web::Simple What is Plack and PSGI? How do I remove HTML from a string? How do I extract URLs? How do I fetch an HTML file? How do I automate an HTML form submission?

How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web? How do I redirect to another page? How do I put a password on my web pages? How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that causes my CGI script to do bad things? How do I parse a mail header? How do I check a valid mail address? How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? How do I find the user's mail address? How do I send email? Email::Sender::Transport::Sendmail, Email::Sender::Transport::SMTP, Email::Sender::Transport::SMTP::TLS How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message? How do I read email? How do I find out my hostname, domainname, or IP address? gethostbyname, Socket, Net::Domain, Sys::Hostname" How do I fetch/put an (S)FTP file? How can I do RPC in Perl? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlsyn - Perl syntax DESCRIPTION Declarations Comments Simple Statements Truth and Falsehood Statement Modifiers Compound Statements Loop Control For Loops Foreach Loops Basic BLOCKs Switch Statements Goto The Ellipsis Statement PODs: Embedded Documentation Plain Old Comments (Not!) Experimental Details on given and when

perldata - Perl data types DESCRIPTION Variable names Context Scalar values Scalar value constructors List value constructors Subscripts

Multi-dimensional array emulation Slices Typeglobs and Filehandles SEE ALSO

perlop - Perl operators and precedence DESCRIPTION Operator Precedence and Associativity Terms and List Operators (Leftward) The Arrow Operator

Auto-increment and Auto-decrement Exponentiation Symbolic Unary Operators Binding Operators Multiplicative Operators Additive Operators Shift Operators Named Unary Operators Relational Operators Equality Operators Smartmatch Operator 1. Empty hashes or arrays match, 2. That is, each element smartmatches the element of the same index in the other array.[3], 3. If a circular reference is found, fall back to referential equality, 4. Either an actual number, or a string that looks like one Bitwise And Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or

C-style Logical And

C-style Logical Or

Logical Defined-Or Range Operators Conditional Operator Assignment Operators Comma Operator List Operators (Rightward) Logical Not Logical And Logical or and Exclusive Or C Operators Missing From Perl unary &, unary *, (TYPE)

Quote and Quote-like Operators [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]

Regexp Quote-Like Operators qr/STRING/msixpodual , m/PATTERN/msixpodualgc , /PATTERN/msixpodualgc, The empty pattern //, Matching in list context, \G assertion, m?PATTERN?msixpodualgc , ?PATTERN?msixpodualgc, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/msixpodualgcer

Quote-Like Operators q/STRING/ , 'STRING', qq/STRING/ , "STRING", qx/STRING/ , `STRING`, qw/STRING/ , tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsr , y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cdsr, <", "<<"EOF"", the replacement of "s///", "RE" in "?RE?", "/RE/", "m/RE/", "s/RE/foo/",, parsing regular expressions , Optimization of regular expressions I/O Operators Constant Folding

No-ops Bitwise String Operators Integer Arithmetic

Floating-point Arithmetic Bigger Numbers

perlsub - Perl subroutines SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Private Variables via my() Persistent Private Variables static closure" Temporary Values via local() Lvalue subroutines Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) When to Still Use local() Pass by Reference Prototypes Constant Functions

Overriding Built-in Functions Autoloading Subroutine Attributes SEE ALSO

perlfunc - Perl builtin functions DESCRIPTION Perl Functions by Category Functions for SCALARs or strings , Regular expressions and pattern matching , Numeric functions , Functions for real

@ARRAYs , Functions for list data , Functions for real %HASHes , Input and output functions

, Functions for fixed-length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories , Keywords related to the control flow of your Perl program , Keywords related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process groups , Keywords related to Perl modules , Keywords related to

classes and object-orientation

, Low-level socket functions , System V interprocess communication functions , Fetching user and group info

, Fetching network info , Time-related functions , Non- function keywords Portability Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions

-X FILEHANDLE

, -X EXPR, -X DIRHANDLE, -X, abs VALUE , abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET , alarm SECONDS , alarm, atan2 Y,X , bind SOCKET,NAME , binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER , binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME , bless REF, break, caller EXPR , caller, chdir EXPR , chdir FILEHANDLE, chdir DIRHANDLE, chdir, chmod LIST , chomp VARIABLE , chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE , chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST , chr NUMBER , chr, chroot FILENAME , chroot, close FILEHANDLE , close, closedir DIRHANDLE , connect SOCKET,NAME , continue BLOCK , continue, cos EXPR , cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT , dbmclose HASH , dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK , defined EXPR , defined, delete EXPR , die LIST , do BLOCK , do SUBROUTINE(LIST) , do EXPR , dump LABEL , dump, each HASH , each ARRAY , each EXPR, eof FILEHANDLE , eof (), eof, eval EXPR , eval BLOCK, eval, evalbytes EXPR , evalbytes, exec LIST , exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR , exit EXPR , exit, exp EXPR , exp, fc EXPR , fc, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR , FILE , fileno FILEHANDLE , flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION , fork , format , formline PICTURE,LIST , getc FILEHANDLE , getc, getlogin , getpeername SOCKET , getpgrp PID , getppid , getpriority WHICH,WHO , getpwnam NAME , getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET , getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME , glob EXPR , glob, gmtime EXPR , gmtime, goto LABEL , goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST , grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR , hex, import LIST , index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION , index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR , int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR , join EXPR,LIST , keys HASH , keys ARRAY, keys EXPR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, kill SIGNAL , last LABEL , last, lc EXPR , lc, If "use bytes" is in effect:, On EBCDIC platforms, On ASCII platforms, Otherwise, if "use locale" (but not "use locale ':notcharacters'") is in effect:, Otherwise, If EXPR has the UTF8 flag set:, Otherwise, if "use feature 'unicodestrings'" or "use locale ':notcharacters'") is in effect:, Otherwise:, On EBCDIC platforms, On ASCII platforms, lcfirst EXPR , lcfirst, length EXPR , length, LINE , link OLDFILE,NEWFILE , listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE , local EXPR , localtime EXPR , localtime, lock THING , log EXPR , log, lstat FILEHANDLE , lstat EXPR, lstat DIRHANDLE, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST , map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK , mkdir FILENAME, mkdir, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG , msgget KEY,FLAGS , msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS , msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS , my EXPR , my TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL , next, no MODULE VERSION LIST , no MODULE VERSION, no MODULE LIST, no MODULE, no VERSION, oct EXPR , oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR , open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR , ord EXPR , ord, our EXPR , our TYPE EXPR, our EXPR : ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST , package NAMESPACE, package NAMESPACE VERSION , package NAMESPACE BLOCK, package NAMESPACE VERSION BLOCK , PACKAGE , pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE , pop ARRAY , pop EXPR, pop, pos SCALAR , pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST , print FILEHANDLE, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST , printf FILEHANDLE, printf FORMAT, LIST, printf, prototype FUNCTION , push ARRAY,LIST , push EXPR,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qw/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qr/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR , quotemeta, rand EXPR , rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET , read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE , readline EXPR, readline , readlink EXPR , readlink, readpipe EXPR, readpipe , recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS , redo LABEL , redo, ref EXPR , ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME , require VERSION , require EXPR, require, reset EXPR , reset, return EXPR , return, reverse LIST , rewinddir DIRHANDLE , rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION , rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME , rmdir, s///, say FILEHANDLE LIST , say FILEHANDLE, say LIST, say, scalar EXPR , seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE , seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS , select FILEHANDLE , select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT , semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG , semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS , semop KEY,OPSTRING , send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO , send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP , setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY , setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL , shift ARRAY , shift EXPR, shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG , shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS , shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE , shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW , sin EXPR , sin, sleep EXPR , sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL , socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL , sort SUBNAME LIST , sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY or EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST , splice ARRAY or EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY or EXPR,OFFSET, splice ARRAY or EXPR, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT , split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST , format parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum width , size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR , sqrt, srand EXPR , srand, stat FILEHANDLE , stat EXPR, stat DIRHANDLE, stat, state EXPR , state TYPE EXPR, state EXPR : ATTRS, state TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, study SCALAR , study, sub NAME BLOCK , sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, SUB , substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT , substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE , syscall NUMBER, LIST , sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE , sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET , sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE , system LIST , system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET , syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE , tell, telldir DIRHANDLE , tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST , tied VARIABLE , time , times , tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH , truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR , uc, ucfirst EXPR , ucfirst, umask EXPR , umask, undef EXPR , undef, unlink LIST , unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR , unpack TEMPLATE, unshift ARRAY,LIST , unshift EXPR,LIST, untie VARIABLE , use Module VERSION LIST , use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST , values HASH , values ARRAY, values EXPR, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS , wait , waitpid PID,FLAGS , wantarray , warn LIST , write FILEHANDLE , write EXPR, write, y/// read readdir readline gets fgets readlink readpipe recv redo ref reference rename move mv ren require reset return reverse rev invert rewinddir rindex rmdir rd directory, remove say scalar context seek fseek filehandle, position seekdir select filehandle, default select semctl semget semop send setpgrp group setpriority priority nice renice setsockopt shift shmctl shmget shmread shmwrite shutdown sin sine asin arcsine sleep pause socket socketpair sort qsort quicksort mergesort splice split sprintf precision sqrt root square root srand seed randseed stat file, status ctime state study sub SUB substr substring mid left right symlink link symbolic link link, symbolic syscall system call sysopen sysread sysseek lseek system shell syswrite tell telldir tie tied time epoch times truncate uc uppercase toupper ucfirst uppercase umask undef undefine unlink delete remove rm del unpack unshift untie use module import utime values vec bit bit vector wait waitpid wantarray context warn warning STDERR write"

Non-function Keywords by Cross-reference DATA, END, BEGIN, CHECK, END, INIT, UNITCHECK, DESTROY, and, cmp, eq, ge, gt, if, le, lt, ne, not, or, x, xor, AUTOLOAD, else, elseif, elsif, for, foreach, unless, until, while, default, given, when

perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl DESCRIPTION Open a la shell Simple Opens Indirect Filehandles Pipe Opens The Minus File Mixing Reads and Writes Filters Open a la C Permissions a la mode Obscure Open Tricks

Re-Opening Files (dups) Dispelling the Dweomer Paths as Opens Single Argument Open Playing with STDIN and STDOUT Other I/O Issues

Opening Non-File Files Opening Named Pipes Opening Sockets Binary Files File Locking IO Layers SEE ALSO AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT HISTORY

perlpacktut - tutorial on "pack" and "unpack" DESCRIPTION The Basic Principle Packing Text Packing Numbers Integers Unpacking a Stack Frame How to Eat an Egg on a Net

Byte-order modifiers Floating point Numbers Exotic Templates Bit Strings Uuencoding Doing Sums Unicode Another Portable Binary Encoding Template Grouping Lengths and Widths String Lengths Dynamic Templates Counting Repetitions Intel HEX Packing and Unpacking C Structures The Alignment Pit

Dealing with Endian-ness Alignment, Take 2 Alignment, Take 3 Pointers for How to Use Them Pack Recipes Funnies Section Authors

perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format DESCRIPTION Ordinary Paragraph Verbatim Paragraph Command Paragraph "=head1 Heading Text" , "=head2 Heading Text", "=head3 Heading Text", "=head4 Heading Text", "=over indentlevel" , "=item stuff...", "=back", "=cut" , "=pod" , "=begin formatname" , "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...", "=encoding encodingname" Formatting Codes "I" italic text , "B" bold text , "C" code text , "L" a hyperlink , "E" a character escape , "F" used for filenames , "S" text

contains non-breaking spaces , "X" an index entry

, "Z<>" a null (zero-effect) formatting code code, italic italic B B<> POD, formatting code, bold bold C C<> POD, formatting code, code code L L<> POD, formatting code, hyperlink hyperlink E E<> POD, formatting code, escape escape F F<> POD, formatting code, filename filename S S<> POD,

formatting code, non-breaking space non-breaking space X X<> POD, formatting code, index entry index entry Z Z<> POD, formatting code, null null" The Intent Embedding Pods in Perl Modules Hints for Writing Pod SEE ALSO AUTHOR

perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and notes DESCRIPTION Pod Definitions Pod Commands "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item", "=back", "=begin formatname", "=begin formatname parameter", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...", "=encoding encodingname" Pod Formatting Codes "I" italic text, "B" bold text, "C" code text, "F" style for filenames, "X" an

index entry, "Z<>" a null (zero-effect) formatting code, "L" a hyperlink, "E" a character escape,

"S" text contains non-breaking spaces Notes on Implementing Pod Processors About L<...> Codes First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth: About =over...=back Regions About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions SEE ALSO AUTHOR

perlpodstyle - Perl POD style guide DESCRIPTION bold (B<>), italic (I<>), code (C<>), files (F<>), NAME, SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, OPTIONS, RETURN VALUE, ERRORS, DIAGNOSTICS, EXAMPLES, ENVIRONMENT, FILES, CAVEATS, BUGS, RESTRICTIONS, NOTES, AUTHOR, HISTORY, COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE, SEE ALSO SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION

#! and quoting on non-Unix systems

OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, VMS Location of Perl Command Switches

-0[octal/hexadecimal] , -a , -C [number/list] , -c , -d ,

-dt, -d:MOD[=bar,baz] , -dt:MOD[=bar,baz], -Dletters ,

-Dnumber, -e commandline , -E commandline , -f

, -Fpattern , -h , -i[extension] , -Idirectory , -l[octnum]

, -m[-]module , -M[-]module, -M[-]'module ...',

-[mM][-]module=arg[,arg]..., -n , -p , -s , -S , -t , -T , -u ,

-U , -v , -V , -V:configvar, -w , -W , -X , -x , -xdirectory ENVIRONMENT HOME , LOGDIR , PATH , PERL5LIB , PERL5OPT , PERLIO , :bytes , :crlf , :mmap , :perlio , :pop , :raw , :stdio , :unix , :utf8 , :win32 , PERLIODEBUG , PERLLIB , PERL5DB , PERL5DBTHREADED , PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port) , PERLALLOWNONIFSLSP (specific to the Win32 port) , PERLDEBUGMSTATS , PERLDESTRUCTLEVEL , PERLDLNONLAZY , PERLENCODING , PERLHASHSEED , PERLHASHSEEDDEBUG , PERLMEMLOG , PERLROOT (specific to the VMS port) , PERLSIGNALS , PERLUNICODE ,

SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)

perldiag - various Perl diagnostics DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO

perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings DESCRIPTION Default Warnings and Optional Warnings

What's wrong with -w and $^W Controlling Warnings from the Command Line

-w , -W , -X Backward Compatibility Category Hierarchy Fatal Warnings Reporting Warnings from a Module SEE ALSO AUTHOR

perldebug - Perl debugging DESCRIPTION The Perl Debugger Calling the Debugger

perl -d programname, perl -d -e 0, perl -d:Ptkdb programname,

perl -dt threadedprogramname Debugger Commands h , h [command], h h, p expr , x [maxdepth] expr , V [pkg [vars]] , X [vars] , y [level [vars]] , T , s [expr] , n

[expr] , r , , c [line|sub] , l , l min+incr, l min-max, l

line, l subname, - , v [line] , . , f filename , /pattern/, ?pattern?, L [abw] , S [[!]regex] , t [n] , t [n] expr , b , b [line] [condition] , b [file]:[line] [condition] , b subname [condition] , b postpone subname [condition] , b load filename , b compile subname , B line , B * , disable [file]:[line] , disable [line] , enable [file]:[line] , enable [line] , a [line] command , A line , A * , w expr , W expr , W * , o , o booloption ... , o anyoption? ... , o option=value ... , < ? , < [ command ] , < * , << command , > ? , > command , > * , >> command , { ? , { [ command ], { * , {{ command , ! number ,

! -number , ! pattern , !! cmd , source file , H -number , q or ^D , R , |dbcmd , ||dbcmd , command, m expr , M , man [manpage] command, V debugger command, X debugger command, y debugger command, T backtrace stack, backtrace debugger command, s step debugger command, n debugger command, r

debugger command, c debugger command, l debugger command, - debugger command, v debugger command, . debugger command, f debugger command, L debugger command, S debugger command, t debugger command, t breakpoint debugger command, b breakpoint debugger command, b breakpoint debugger command, b breakpoint debugger command, b breakpoint debugger command, b breakpoint debugger command, b breakpoint debugger command, b breakpoint debugger command, B breakpoint debugger command, B breakpoint debugger command, disable disable breakpoint debugger command, disable disable breakpoint debugger command, disable disable breakpoint debugger command, disable disable debugger command, a debugger command, A debugger command, A debugger command, w debugger command, W debugger command, W debugger command, o debugger command, o debugger command, o debugger command, o debugger command, < debugger command, < debugger command, < debugger command, << debugger command, > debugger command, > debugger command, > debugger command, >> debugger command, { debugger command, { debugger command, {{ debugger command, ! debugger command, ! debugger command, ! debugger command, !! debugger command, source debugger command, H debugger command, q debugger command, ^D debugger command, R debugger command, | debugger command, || debugger command, m debugger command, M debugger command, man" Configurable Options "recallCommand", "ShellBang" , "pager" , "tkRunning" , "signalLevel", "warnLevel", "dieLevel" , "AutoTrace" , "LineInfo" , "inhibitexit" , "PrintRet" , "ornaments" , "frame" , "maxTraceLen" , "windowSize" , "arrayDepth", "hashDepth" , "dumpDepth" , "compactDump", "veryCompact" , "globPrint" , "DumpDBFiles" , "DumpPackages" , "DumpReused" , "quote", "HighBit", "undefPrint" , "UsageOnly" , "TTY" , "noTTY" , "ReadLine" , "NonStop" option, ShellBang debugger option, pager debugger option, tkRunning debugger option, signalLevel debugger option, warnLevel debugger option, dieLevel debugger option, AutoTrace debugger option, LineInfo debugger option, inhibitexit debugger option, PrintRet debugger option, ornaments debugger option, frame debugger option, maxTraceLen debugger option, windowSize debugger option, arrayDepth debugger option, hashDepth debugger option, dumpDepth debugger option, compactDump debugger option, veryCompact debugger option, globPrint debugger option, DumpDBFiles debugger option, DumpPackages debugger option, DumpReused debugger option, quote debugger option, HighBit debugger option, undefPrint debugger option, UsageOnly debugger option, TTY debugger option, noTTY debugger option, ReadLine debugger option, NonStop" Debugger Input/Output Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace , Line Listing Format, Frame listing backtrace"

Debugging Compile-Time Statements Debugger Customization Readline Support / History in the Debugger Editor Support for Debugging The Perl Profiler Debugging Regular Expressions Debugging Memory Usage SEE ALSO BUGS

perlvar - Perl predefined variables DESCRIPTION The Syntax of Variable Names SPECIAL VARIABLES General Variables

$ARG, $ , @ARG, @ , $LISTSEPARATOR, $" , $PROCESSID,

$PID, $$ , $PROGRAMNAME, $0 , $REALGROUPID, $GID, $(

, $EFFECTIVEGROUPID, $EGID, $) , $REALUSERID, $UID, $< ,

$EFFECTIVEUSERID, $EUID, $> , $SUBSCRIPTSEPARATOR, $SUBSEP,

$; , $a, $b , %ENV , $SYSTEMFDMAX, $^F , @F , @INC , %INC ,

$INPLACEEDIT, $^I , $^M , $OSNAME, $^O , %SIG , $BASETIME,

$^T , $PERLVERSION, $^V , ${^WIN32SLOPPYSTAT}

, $EXECUTABLENAME, $^X Variables related to regular expressions

$ ($1, $2, ...) , $MATCH, $& , ${^MATCH} ,

$PREMATCH, $` , ${^PREMATCH} , $POSTMATCH, $'

, ${^POSTMATCH} , $LASTPARENMATCH, $+ ,

$LASTSUBMATCHRESULT, $^N , @LASTMATCHEND, @+ ,

%LASTPARENMATCH, %+ , @LASTMATCHSTART, @- , "$`" is the

same as "substr($var, 0, $-[0])", $& is the same as

"substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])", "$'" is the same as

"substr($var, $+[0])", $1 is the same as "substr($var, $-[1],

$+[1] - $-[1])", $2 is the same as "substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] -

$-[2])", $3 is the same as "substr($var, $-[3], $+[3] -

$-[3])", %LASTMATCHSTART, %- , $LASTREGEXPCODERESULT, $^R

, ${^REDEBUGFLAGS} , ${^RETRIEMAXBUF} Variables related to filehandles

$ARGV , @ARGV , ARGV , ARGVOUT ,

Handle->outputfieldseparator( EXPR ),

$OUTPUTFIELDSEPARATOR, $OFS, $,

, HANDLE->inputlinenumber( EXPR ), $INPUTLINENUMBER, $NR,

$. , HANDLE->inputrecordseparator( EXPR ),

$INPUTRECORDSEPARATOR, $RS, $/ ,

Handle->outputrecordseparator( EXPR ),

$OUTPUTRECORDSEPARATOR, $ORS, $\

, HANDLE->autoflush( EXPR ), $OUTPUTAUTOFLUSH, $| ,

$ACCUMULATOR, $^A , HANDLE->formatformfeed(EXPR),

$FORMATFORMFEED, $^L , HANDLE->formatpagenumber(EXPR),

$FORMATPAGENUMBER, $% , HANDLE->formatlinesleft(EXPR),

$FORMATLINESLEFT, $- , Handle->formatlinebreakcharacters

EXPR, $FORMATLINEBREAKCHARACTERS, $: ,

HANDLE->formatlinesperpage(EXPR), $FORMATLINESPERPAGE, $=

, HANDLE->formattopname(EXPR), $FORMATTOPNAME, $^ ,

HANDLE->formatname(EXPR), $FORMATNAME, $~ number $ $RS

$INPUTRECORDSEPARATOR $\ $ORS $OUTPUTRECORDSEPARATOR $|

autoflush flush $OUTPUTAUTOFLUSH $^A $ACCUMULATOR $^L

$FORMATFORMFEED $% $FORMATPAGENUMBER $- $FORMATLINESLEFT

$: FORMATLINEBREAKCHARACTERS $= $FORMATLINESPERPAGE $^

$FORMATTOPNAME $~ $FORMATNAME" Error Variables

${^CHILDERRORNATIVE} , $EXTENDEDOSERROR, $^E

, $EXCEPTIONSBEINGCAUGHT, $^S , $WARNING, $^W ,

${^WARNINGBITS} , $OSERROR, $ERRNO, $! , %OSERROR, %ERRNO,

%! , $CHILDERROR, $? , $EVALERROR, $@ Variables related to the interpreter state

$COMPILING, $^C , $DEBUGGING, $^D , ${^ENCODING} ,

${^GLOBALPHASE} , CONSTRUCT, START, CHECK, INIT, RUN, END,

DESTRUCT, $^H , %^H , ${^OPEN} , $PERLDB, $^P , 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, 0x400,

${^TAINT} , ${^UNICODE} , ${^UTF8CACHE} , ${^UTF8LOCALE} Deprecated and removed variables

$OFMT, $# , $* , $ARRAYBASE, $[ , $OLDPERLVERSION, $]

perlre - Perl regular expressions DESCRIPTION Modifiers m , s , i , x , p

, g and c , a, d, l and u multiline s regex, single-line

regexp, single-line regular expression, single-line i regex,

case-insensitive regexp, case-insensitive regular expression,

case-insensitive x p regex, preserve regexp, preserve g c a d l u" Regular Expressions [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7] Quoting metacharacters Extended Patterns

"(?#text)" , "(?adlupimsx-imsx)", "(?^alupimsx)" ,

"(?:pattern)" , "(?adluimsx-imsx:pattern)",

"(?^aluimsx:pattern)" , "(?|pattern)" , Look-Around Assertions , "(?=pattern)" , "(?!pattern)" , "(?<=pattern)" "\K" , "(?pattern)" , "\k", "\k'NAME'", "(?{ code })"

, "(??{ code })" , "(?PARNO)" "(?-PARNO)" "(?+PARNO)" "(?R)" "(?0)"

, "(?&NAME)" , "(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)" ,

"(?(condition)yes-pattern)", (1) (2) .., () ('NAME'), (?=...) (?!...) (?<=...) (? .., (R&NAME), (DEFINE), "(?>pattern)" positive (?!) look-ahead,

negative lookahead, negative (?<=) look-behind, positive

lookbehind, positive \K (? negative (?) (?'NAME') named capture capture (?{}) regex, code in regexp, code in regular expression, code in (??{}) regex, postponed regexp, postponed regular expression,

postponed (?PARNO) (?1) (?R) (?0) (?-1) (?+1) (?-PARNO) (?+PARNO) regex, recursive regexp, recursive regular expression, recursive regex, relative recursion (?&NAME) (?() backtrack backtracking atomic possessive" Special Backtracking Control Verbs Verbs that take an argument, "(*PRUNE)" "(*PRUNE:NAME)" , "(*SKIP)" "(*SKIP:NAME)" , "(*MARK:NAME)" "(*:NAME)" , "(*THEN)" "(*THEN:NAME)", Verbs without an argument, "(*COMMIT)" , "(*FAIL)" "(*F)" , "(*ACCEPT)" Backtracking Version 8 Regular Expressions

Warning on \1 Instead of $1

Repeated Patterns Matching a Zero-length Substring Combining RE Pieces "ST", "S|T", "S{REPEATCOUNT}", "S{min,max}", "S{min,max}?", "S?", "S*", "S+", "S??", "S*?", "S+?", "(?>S)", "(?=S)", "(?<=S)", "(?!S)", "(? "(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)" Creating Custom RE Engines PCRE/Python Support "(?Ppattern)", "(?P=NAME)", "(?P>NAME)" BUGS SEE ALSO

perlrebackslash - Perl Regular Expression Backslash Sequences and Escapes DESCRIPTION The backslash [1] All the sequences and escapes Character Escapes [1], [2] Modifiers Character classes Referencing Assertions \A, \z, \Z, \G, \b, \B Misc \C, \K, \N, \R , \X

perlrecharclass - Perl Regular Expression Character Classes DESCRIPTION The dot Backslash sequences If the "/a" modifier is in effect .., otherwise .., For code points above 255 .., For code points below 256 .., if locale rules are in effect .., if Unicode rules are in effect or if on an EBCDIC platform .., otherwise .., If the "/a" modifier is in effect .., otherwise .., For code points above 255 .., For code points below 256 .., if locale rules are in effect .., if Unicode rules are in effect or if on an EBCDIC platform .., otherwise .., [1] Bracketed Character Classes [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], If the "/a" modifier, is in effect .., otherwise .., For code points above 255 .., For code points below 256 .., if locale rules are in effect .., if Unicode rules are in effect or if on an EBCDIC platform .., otherwise ..

perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference DESCRIPTION OPERATORS SYNTAX ESCAPE SEQUENCES CHARACTER CLASSES ANCHORS QUANTIFIERS EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS VARIABLES FUNCTIONS TERMINOLOGY AUTHOR SEE ALSO THANKS

perlref - Perl references and nested data structures NOTE DESCRIPTION Making References 1. , 2. , 3. , 4. , 5. , 6. , 7. anonymous subroutine, reference reference, subroutine scope, lexical closure lexical lexical scope constructor new autovivification *foo{THING} *" Using References Circular References Symbolic references

Not-so-symbolic references

Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash Function Templates WARNING SEE ALSO

perlform - Perl formats DESCRIPTION Text Fields Numeric Fields

The Field @* for Variable-Width Multi-Line Text

The Field ^* for Variable-Width One-line-at-a-time Text Specifying Values Using Fill Mode Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void Repeating Format Lines Top of Form Processing Format Variables NOTES Footers Accessing Formatting Internals WARNINGS

perlobj - Perl object reference DESCRIPTION An Object is Simply a Data Structure A Class is Simply a Package A Method is Simply a Subroutine Method Invocation Inheritance Writing Constructors Attributes An Aside About Smarter and Safer Code Method Call Variations Invoking Class Methods "bless", "blessed", and "ref" The UNIVERSAL Class

isa($class) , DOES($role) , can($method) , VERSION($need) AUTOLOAD Destructors

Non-Hash Objects

Inside-Out objects

Pseudo-hashes SEE ALSO

perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Tying Scalars TIESCALAR classname, LIST , FETCH this , STORE this, value , UNTIE this , DESTROY this Tying Arrays TIEARRAY classname, LIST , FETCH this, index , STORE this, index, value , FETCHSIZE this , STORESIZE this, count , EXTEND this, count , EXISTS this, key , DELETE this, key , CLEAR this , PUSH this, LIST , POP this , SHIFT this , UNSHIFT this, LIST , SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST , UNTIE this , DESTROY this Tying Hashes USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST , FETCH this, key , STORE this, key, value , DELETE this, key , CLEAR this , EXISTS this, key , FIRSTKEY this , NEXTKEY this, lastkey , SCALAR this , UNTIE this , DESTROY this Tying FileHandles TIEHANDLE classname, LIST , WRITE this, LIST , PRINT this, LIST , PRINTF this, LIST , READ this, LIST , READLINE this , GETC this , EOF this , CLOSE this , UNTIE this , DESTROY this UNTIE this The "untie" Gotcha SEE ALSO BUGS AUTHOR

perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION filterstorekey, filterstorevalue, filterfetchkey, filterfetchvalue The Filter An Example: the NULL termination problem. Another Example: Key is a C int. SEE ALSO AUTHOR

perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes, safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores) DESCRIPTION Signals Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)

Long-running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as "faults", Signals triggered by operating system state Named Pipes Using open() for IPC Filehandles Background Processes Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent Safe Pipe Opens Avoiding Pipe Deadlocks Bidirectional Communication with Another Process Bidirectional Communication with Yourself Sockets: Client/Server Communication Internet Line Terminators Internet TCP Clients and Servers

Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers TCP Clients with IO::Socket A Simple Client "Proto", "PeerAddr", "PeerPort" A Webget Client Interactive Client with IO::Socket TCP Servers with IO::Socket Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse UDP: Message Passing SysV IPC NOTES BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO

perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION

Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes

$$ or $PROCESSID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to files, directories and network sockets Resource limits Killing the parent process

Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Open directory handles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, Global state maintained by XSUBs,

Interpreter embedded in larger application, Thread-safety of extensions PORTABILITY CAVEATS BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO

perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Storing numbers Numeric operators and numeric conversions Flavors of Perl numeric operations Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during "use integer", Other mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during "use integer", Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a string AUTHOR SEE ALSO

perlthrtut - Tutorial on threads in Perl DESCRIPTION What Is A Thread Anyway? Threaded Program Models Boss/Worker Work Crew Pipeline What kind of threads are Perl threads?

Thread-Safe Modules Thread Basics Basic Thread Support A Note about the Examples Creating Threads Waiting For A Thread To Exit Ignoring A Thread Process and Thread Termination Threads And Data Shared And Unshared Data Thread Pitfalls: Races Synchronization and control Controlling access: lock() A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks Queues: Passing Data Around Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access Basic semaphores Advanced Semaphores Waiting for a Condition Giving up control General Thread Utility Routines What Thread Am I In? Thread IDs Are These Threads The Same? What Threads Are Running? A Complete Example Different implementations of threads Performance considerations

Process-scope Changes

Thread-Safety of System Libraries Conclusion SEE ALSO Bibliography Introductory Texts

OS-Related References Other References Acknowledgements AUTHOR Copyrights

perlport - Writing portable Perl DESCRIPTION Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already is portable ISSUES Newlines Numbers endianness and Width Files and Filesystems System Interaction Command names versus file pathnames Networking Interprocess Communication (IPC) External Subroutines (XS) Standard Modules Time and Date Character sets and character encoding Internationalisation System Resources Security Style CPAN Testers PLATFORMS Unix DOS and Derivatives VMS VOS EBCDIC Platforms Acorn RISC OS Other perls FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions

-X, alarm, atan2, binmode, chmod, chown, chroot, crypt, dbmclose, dbmopen, dump, exec, exit, fcntl, flock, fork, getlogin, getpgrp, getppid, getpriority, getpwnam, getgrnam, getnetbyname, getpwuid, getgrgid, getnetbyaddr, getprotobynumber, getservbyport, getpwent, getgrent, gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent, setnetent, setprotoent, setservent, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob, gmtime, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill, link, localtime, lstat, msgctl, msgget, msgsnd, msgrcv, open, readlink, rename, rewinddir, select, semctl, semget, semop, setgrent, setpgrp, setpriority, setpwent, setsockopt, shmctl, shmget, shmread, shmwrite, sockatmark, socketpair, stat, symlink, syscall, sysopen, system, times, truncate, umask, utime, wait, waitpid Supported Platforms

Linux (x86, ARM, IA64), HP-UX, AIX, Win32, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, Cygwin, Solaris (x86, SPARC), OpenVMS, Alpha (7.2 and later), I64 (8.2 and later), Symbian, NetBSD, FreeBSD, Debian GNU/kFreeBSD, Haiku, Irix (6.5. What else?), OpenBSD, Dragonfly BSD, QNX Neutrino RTOS (6.5.0), MirOS BSD, timet issues that may

or may not be fixed, Symbian (Series 60 v3, 3.2 and 5 - what else?), Stratus VOS / OpenVOS, AIX EOL Platforms (Perl 5.14) Atari MiNT, Apollo Domain/OS, Apple Mac OS 8/9, Tenon Machten, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows NT4 Supported Platforms (Perl 5.8) SEE ALSO AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS

perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and localization) DESCRIPTION WHAT IS A LOCALE Category LCNUMERIC: Numeric formatting, Category LCMONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts, Category LCTIME: Date/Time formatting, Category LCMESSAGES: Error and other messages, Category LCCOLLATE: Collation, Category LCCTYPE: Character Types PREPARING TO USE LOCALES USING LOCALES The use locale pragma Under "use locale ':notcharacters';", Under just plain "use locale;" The setlocale function Finding locales LOCALE PROBLEMS Temporarily fixing locale problems Permanently fixing locale problems Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration Fixing system locale configuration The localeconv function I18N::Langinfo LOCALE CATEGORIES Category LCCOLLATE: Collation Category LCCTYPE: Character Types Category LCNUMERIC: Numeric Formatting Category LCMONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts LCTIME Other categories SECURITY ENVIRONMENT PERLBADLANG, LCALL, LANGUAGE, LCCTYPE, LCCOLLATE, LCMONETARY, LCNUMERIC, LCTIME, LANG Examples NOTES Backward compatibility I18N:Collate obsolete Sort speed and memory use impacts write() and LCNUMERIC Freely available locale definitions I18n and l10n An imperfect standard

Unicode and UTF-8 BUGS Broken systems SEE ALSO HISTORY

perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction DESCRIPTION Unicode Perl's Unicode Support Perl's Unicode Model Unicode and EBCDIC Creating Unicode Handling Unicode Legacy Encodings Unicode I/O Displaying Unicode As Text Special Cases Advanced Topics Miscellaneous Questions With Answers Hexadecimal Notation Further Resources UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS SEE ALSO ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE

perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl DESCRIPTION Important Caveats Safest if you "use feature 'unicodestrings'", Input and Output

Layers, "use utf8" still needed to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in

scripts, BOM-marked scripts and UTF-16 scripts autodetected,

"use encoding" needed to upgrade non-Latin-1 byte strings Byte and Character Semantics Effects of Character Semantics Unicode Character Properties "\p{All}", "\p{Alnum}", "\p{Any}", "\p{ASCII}", "\p{Assigned}", "\p{Blank}", "\p{DecompositionType: NonCanonical}" (Short: "\p{Dt=NonCanon}"), "\p{Graph}", "\p{HorizSpace}", "\p{In=*}", "\p{PerlSpace}", "\p{PerlWord}", "\p{Posix...}", "\p{PresentIn: *}" (Short: "\p{In=*}"), "\p{Print}", "\p{SpacePerl}", "\p{Title}" and "\p{Titlecase}", "\p{VertSpace}", "\p{Word}", "\p{XPosix...}"

User-Defined Character Properties

User-Defined Case Mappings (for serious hackers only) Character Encodings for Input and Output Unicode Regular Expression Support Level Unicode Encodings

Non-character code points Beyond Unicode code points Security Implications of Unicode Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC Locales When Unicode Does Not Happen The "Unicode Bug" Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl) Using Unicode in XS Hacking Perl to work on earlier Unicode versions (for very serious hackers only) BUGS Interaction with Locales

Problems with characters in the Latin-1 Supplement range Interaction with Extensions Speed Problems on EBCDIC platforms

Porting code from perl-5.6.X SEE ALSO

perlunifaq - Perl Unicode FAQ Q and A perlunitut isn't really a Unicode tutorial, is it? What character encodings does Perl support? Which version of perl should I use? What about binary data, like images? When should I decode or encode? What if I don't decode? What if I don't encode? Is there a way to automatically decode or encode? What if I don't know which encoding was used? Can I use Unicode in my Perl sources? Data::Dumper doesn't restore the UTF8 flag; is it broken? Why do regex character classes sometimes match only in the ASCII range? Why do some characters not uppercase or lowercase correctly? How can I determine if a string is a text string or a binary string? How do I convert from encoding FOO to encoding BAR? What are "decodeutf8" and "encodeutf8"? What is a "wide character"? INTERNALS What is "the UTF8 flag"? What about the "use bytes" pragma? What about the "use encoding" pragma? What is the difference between ":encoding" and ":utf8"?

What's the difference between "UTF-8" and "utf8"? I lost track; what encoding is the internal format really? AUTHOR SEE ALSO

perluniprops - Index of Unicode Version 6.1.0 character properties in Perl DESCRIPTION Properties accessible through "\p{}" and "\P{}" Single form ("\p{name}") tighter rules:, white space adjacent to a

non-word character, underscores separating digits in numbers, Compound form ("\p{name=value}" or "\p{name:value}") tighter

rules:, Stabilized, Deprecated, Obsolete, * is a wild-card, (\d+) in the info column gives the number of code points matched by this property, D means this is deprecated, O means this is obsolete, S means this is stabilized, T means tighter (stricter) name matching applies, X means use of this form is discouraged, and may not be stable Legal "\p{}" and "\P{}" constructs that match no characters \p{CanonicalCombiningClass=AttachedBelowLeft}, \p{GraphemeClusterBreak=Prepend}, \p{JoiningType=LeftJoining} Properties accessible through Unicode::UCD Properties accessible through other means Unicode character properties that are NOT accepted by Perl ExpandsOnNFC (XONFC), ExpandsOnNFD (XONFD), ExpandsOnNFKC (XONFKC), ExpandsOnNFKD (XONFKD), GraphemeLink (GrLink), IndicMatraCategory (InMC), IndicSyllabicCategory (InSC), JamoShortName (JSN), OtherAlphabetic (OAlpha), OtherDefaultIgnorableCodePoint (ODI), OtherGraphemeExtend (OGrExt), OtherIDContinue (OIDC), OtherIDStart (OIDS), OtherLowercase (OLower), OtherMath (OMath), OtherUppercase (OUpper), Script=KatakanaOrHiragana (sc=Hrkt), ScriptExtensions=KatakanaOrHiragana (scx=Hrkt) Other information in the Unicode data base auxiliary/GraphemeBreakTest.html, auxiliary/LineBreakTest.html, auxiliary/SentenceBreakTest.html, auxiliary/WordBreakTest.html, auxiliary/LBTest.txt, auxiliary/SBTest.txt, auxiliary/WBTest.txt, BidiTest.txt, NormalizationTest.txt, CJKRadicals.txt, EmojiSources.txt, Index.txt, IndicMatraCategory.txt, IndicSyllabicCategory.txt, NamedSqProv.txt, NamesList.txt, NormalizationCorrections.txt, Props.txt, ReadMe.txt, StandardizedVariants.txt SEE ALSO

perlunitut - Perl Unicode Tutorial DESCRIPTION Definitions Your new toolkit I/O flow (the actual 5 minute tutorial) SUMMARY Q and A (or FAQ) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AUTHOR SEE ALSO

perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms DESCRIPTION COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS ASCII ISO 8859

Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1) EBCDIC The 13 variant characters 0037 1047

POSIX-BC Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC Unicode and UTF Using Encode SINGLE OCTET TABLES recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6 IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS CONVERSIONS tr/// iconv C RTL OPERATOR DIFFERENCES FUNCTION DIFFERENCES chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack() REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES SOCKETS SORTING Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences. MONO CASE then sort data. Convert, sort data, then re convert. Perform sorting on one type of platform only. TRANSFORMATION FORMATS URL decoding and encoding uu encoding and decoding

Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding Caesarean ciphers Hashing order and checksums I18N AND L10N

MULTI-OCTET CHARACTER SETS OS ISSUES OS/400 PASE, IFS access OS/390, z/OS chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales VM/ESA?

POSIX-BC? BUGS SEE ALSO REFERENCES HISTORY AUTHOR

perlsec - Perl security DESCRIPTION SECURITY VULNERABILITY CONTACT INFORMATION SECURITY MECHANISMS AND CONCERNS Taint mode Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data

Switches On the "#!" Line Taint mode and @INC Cleaning Up Your Path Security Bugs Protecting Your Programs Unicode Algorithmic Complexity Attacks SEE ALSO

perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables) DESCRIPTION Packages Symbol Tables BEGIN, UNITCHECK, CHECK, INIT and END Perl Classes Perl Modules Making your module threadsafe SEE ALSO

perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY Pragmatic Modules arybase, attributes, autodie, autodie::exception, autodie::exception::system, autodie::hints, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, deprecate, diagnostics, encoding, encoding::warnings, feature, fields, filetest, if, inc::latest, integer, less, lib, locale, mro, open, ops, overload, overloading, parent, perldoc, perlfaq, perlfaq1, perlfaq2, perlfaq3, perlfaq4, perlfaq5, perlfaq6, perlfaq7, perlfaq8, perlfaq9, perlfunc, perlglossary, perlpodspeccopy, perlvarcopy, perlxs, perlxstut, perlxstypemap, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, version, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register Standard Modules AnyDBMFile, App::Cpan, App::Prove, App::Prove::State, App::Prove::State::Result, App::Prove::State::Result::Test, Archive::Extract, Archive::Tar, Archive::Tar::File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Lint, B::Lint::Debug, B::Showlex, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, "Socket", CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CORE, CPAN, CPAN::API::HOWTO, CPAN::Debug, CPAN::Distroprefs, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::HandleConfig, CPAN::Kwalify, CPAN::Meta, CPAN::Meta::Converter, CPAN::Meta::Feature, CPAN::Meta::History, CPAN::Meta::Prereqs, CPAN::Meta::Requirements, CPAN::Meta::Spec, CPAN::Meta::Validator, CPAN::Meta::YAML, CPAN::Nox, CPAN::Queue, CPAN::Tarzip, CPAN::Version, CPANPLUS, CPANPLUS::Backend, CPANPLUS::Backend::RV, CPANPLUS::Config, CPANPLUS::Configure, CPANPLUS::Dist, CPANPLUS::Dist::Autobundle, CPANPLUS::Dist::Base, CPANPLUS::Dist::Build, CPANPLUS::Dist::Build::Constants, CPANPLUS::Dist::MM, CPANPLUS::Dist::Sample, CPANPLUS::Error, CPANPLUS::FAQ, CPANPLUS::Hacking, CPANPLUS::Internals, CPANPLUS::Internals::Extract, CPANPLUS::Internals::Fetch, CPANPLUS::Internals::Report, CPANPLUS::Internals::Search, CPANPLUS::Internals::Source, CPANPLUS::Internals::Source::Memory, CPANPLUS::Internals::Source::SQLite, CPANPLUS::Internals::Utils, CPANPLUS::Module, CPANPLUS::Module::Author, CPANPLUS::Module::Author::Fake, CPANPLUS::Module::Checksums, CPANPLUS::Module::Fake, CPANPLUS::Selfupdate, CPANPLUS::Shell, CPANPLUS::Shell::Classic, CPANPLUS::Shell::Default, CPANPLUS::Shell::Default::Plugins::CustomSource, CPANPLUS::Shell::Default::Plugins::HOWTO, CPANPLUS::Shell::Default::Plugins::Remote, CPANPLUS::Shell::Default::Plugins::Source, Carp, Class::Struct, Compress::Raw::Bzip2, Compress::Raw::Zlib, Compress::Zlib, Config, Cwd, DB, DBMFilter, DBMFilter::compress, DBMFilter::encode, DBMFilter::int32, DBMFilter::null, DBMFilter::utf8, DBFile, Data::Dumper, Devel::InnerPackage, Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5, Digest::SHA, Digest::base, Digest::file, DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding, Encode::GSM0338, Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, Encode::KR::2022KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Name, Encode::PerlIO, Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode, Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::CBuilder, ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Constant::Base, ExtUtils::Constant::Utils, ExtUtils::Constant::XS, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MMAIX, ExtUtils::MMAny, ExtUtils::MMBeOS, ExtUtils::MMCygwin, ExtUtils::MMDOS, ExtUtils::MMDarwin, ExtUtils::MMMacOS, ExtUtils::MMNW5, ExtUtils::MMOS2, ExtUtils::MMQNX, ExtUtils::MMUWIN, ExtUtils::MMUnix, ExtUtils::MMVMS, ExtUtils::MMVOS, ExtUtils::MMWin32, ExtUtils::MMWin95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::ParseXS, ExtUtils::ParseXS::Constants, ExtUtils::ParseXS::Utilities, ExtUtils::Typemaps, ExtUtils::Typemaps::Cmd, ExtUtils::Typemaps::InputMap, ExtUtils::Typemaps::OutputMap, ExtUtils::Typemaps::Type, ExtUtils::XSSymSet, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Fetch, File::Find, File::Glob, File::GlobMapper, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBMFile, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, HTTP::Tiny, Hash::Util, Hash::Util::FieldHash, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::Detect, I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Compress::Base, IO::Compress::Bzip2, IO::Compress::Deflate, IO::Compress::FAQ, IO::Compress::Gzip, IO::Compress::RawDeflate, IO::Compress::Zip, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate, IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress, IO::Uncompress::Base, IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2, IO::Uncompress::Gunzip, IO::Uncompress::Inflate, IO::Uncompress::RawInflate, IO::Uncompress::Unzip, IO::Zlib, IPC::Cmd, IPC::Msg, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::Semaphore, IPC::SharedMem, IPC::SysV, JSON::PP, JSON::PP::Boolean, List::Util, List::Util::XS, Locale::Codes, Locale::Codes::API, Locale::Codes::Changes, Locale::Codes::Constants, Locale::Codes::Country, Locale::Codes::CountryCodes, Locale::Codes::CountryRetired, Locale::Codes::Currency, Locale::Codes::CurrencyCodes, Locale::Codes::CurrencyRetired, Locale::Codes::LangExt, Locale::Codes::LangExtCodes, Locale::Codes::LangExtRetired, Locale::Codes::LangFam, Locale::Codes::LangFamCodes, Locale::Codes::LangFamRetired, Locale::Codes::LangVar, Locale::Codes::LangVarCodes, Locale::Codes::LangVarRetired, Locale::Codes::Language, Locale::Codes::LanguageCodes, Locale::Codes::LanguageRetired, Locale::Codes::Script, Locale::Codes::ScriptCodes, Locale::Codes::ScriptRetired, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::Cookbook, Locale::Maketext::Guts, Locale::Maketext::GutsLoader, Locale::Maketext::Simple, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, Log::Message, Log::Message::Config, Log::Message::Handlers, Log::Message::Item, Log::Message::Simple, MIME::Base64, MIME::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::CalcEmu, Math::BigInt::FastCalc, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBMFile, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBMFile, Memoize::SDBMFile, Memoize::Storable, Module::Build, Module::Build::API, Module::Build::Authoring, Module::Build::Base, Module::Build::Bundling, Module::Build::Compat, Module::Build::ConfigData, Module::Build::Cookbook, Module::Build::ModuleInfo, Module::Build::Notes, Module::Build::PPMMaker, Module::Build::Platform::Amiga, Module::Build::Platform::Default, Module::Build::Platform::EBCDIC, Module::Build::Platform::MPEiX, Module::Build::Platform::MacOS, Module::Build::Platform::RiscOS, Module::Build::Platform::Unix, Module::Build::Platform::VMS, Module::Build::Platform::VOS, Module::Build::Platform::Windows, Module::Build::Platform::aix, Module::Build::Platform::cygwin, Module::Build::Platform::darwin, Module::Build::Platform::os2, Module::Build::Version, Module::Build::YAML, Module::CoreList, Module::Load, Module::Load::Conditional, Module::Loaded, Module::Metadata, Module::Pluggable, Module::Pluggable::Object, NDBMFile, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBMFile, Object::Accessor, Opcode, POSIX, Package::Constants, Params::Check, Parse::CPAN::Meta, Perl::OSType, PerlIO, PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::mmap, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Escapes, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Perldoc, Pod::Perldoc::BaseTo, Pod::Perldoc::GetOptsOO, Pod::Perldoc::ToANSI, Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff, Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToTerm, Pod::Perldoc::ToText, Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Select, Pod::Simple, Pod::Simple::Checker, Pod::Simple::Debug, Pod::Simple::DumpAsText, Pod::Simple::DumpAsXML, Pod::Simple::HTML, Pod::Simple::HTMLBatch, Pod::Simple::LinkSection, Pod::Simple::Methody, Pod::Simple::PullParser, Pod::Simple::PullParserEndToken, Pod::Simple::PullParserStartToken, Pod::Simple::PullParserTextToken, Pod::Simple::PullParserToken, Pod::Simple::RTF, Pod::Simple::Search, Pod::Simple::SimpleTree, Pod::Simple::Subclassing, Pod::Simple::Text, Pod::Simple::TextContent, Pod::Simple::XHTML, Pod::Simple::XMLOutStream, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBMFile, Safe, Scalar::Util, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Storable, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Syslog::Win32, TAP::Base, TAP::Formatter::Base, TAP::Formatter::Color, TAP::Formatter::Console, TAP::Formatter::Console::ParallelSession, TAP::Formatter::Console::Session, TAP::Formatter::File, TAP::Formatter::File::Session, TAP::Formatter::Session, TAP::Harness, TAP::Object, TAP::Parser, TAP::Parser::Aggregator, TAP::Parser::Grammar, TAP::Parser::Iterator, TAP::Parser::Iterator::Array, TAP::Parser::Iterator::Process, TAP::Parser::Iterator::Stream, TAP::Parser::IteratorFactory, TAP::Parser::Multiplexer, TAP::Parser::Result, TAP::Parser::Result::Bailout, TAP::Parser::Result::Comment, TAP::Parser::Result::Plan, TAP::Parser::Result::Pragma, TAP::Parser::Result::Test, TAP::Parser::Result::Unknown, TAP::Parser::Result::Version, TAP::Parser::Result::YAML, TAP::Parser::ResultFactory, TAP::Parser::Scheduler, TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Job, TAP::Parser::Scheduler::Spinner, TAP::Parser::Source, TAP::Parser::SourceHandler, TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Executable, TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::File, TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Handle, TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::Perl, TAP::Parser::SourceHandler::RawTAP, TAP::Parser::Utils, TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Reader, TAP::Parser::YAMLish::Writer, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Term::UI, Term::UI::History, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Builder::Module, Test::Builder::Tester, Test::Builder::Tester::Color, Test::Harness, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Hash::NamedCapture, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdHandle, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::Piece, Time::Seconds, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Collate::CJK::Big5, Unicode::Collate::CJK::GB2312, Unicode::Collate::CJK::JISX0208, Unicode::Collate::CJK::Korean, Unicode::Collate::CJK::Pinyin, Unicode::Collate::CJK::Stroke, Unicode::Collate::Locale, Unicode::Normalize, Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, VMS::DCLsym, VMS::Stdio, Version::Requirements, Win32API::File, Win32CORE, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap, XSLoader, version::Internals Extension Modules CPAN Africa South Africa Asia China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Republic of Korea, Russia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey Central America Costa Rica Europe Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom North America Bahamas, Canada, Mexico, United States, Alabama, Arizona, California, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin Oceania Australia, New Zealand South America Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia RSYNC Mirrors Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse Guidelines for Module Creation Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules Guidelines for Reusing Application Code NOTE

perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide INTRODUCTION QUICK CHECKLIST Before you start The API Stability Documentation Release considerations BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE Has it been done before? Do one thing and do it well What's in a name? DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE To OO or not to OO? Designing your API Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions, Parameter passing Strictness and warnings Backwards compatibility Error handling and messages DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE POD README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build, perl Build test, perl Build install RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS Version numbering

Pre-requisites Testing Packaging Licensing COMMON PITFALLS Reinventing the wheel Trying to do too much Inappropriate documentation SEE ALSO perlstyle, perlnewmod, perlpod, podchecker, Packaging Tools, Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering AUTHOR

perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules DESCRIPTION PREAMBLE DECOMPRESS the file, UNPACK the file into a directory, BUILD the module (sometimes unnecessary), INSTALL the module PORTABILITY HEY AUTHOR COPYRIGHT

perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution DESCRIPTION Warning What should I make into a module?

Step-by-step: Preparing the ground Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again

Step-by-step: Making the module

Start with module-starter or h2xs, Use strict and warnings, Use

Carp, Use Exporter - wisely!, Use plain old documentation, Write tests, Write the README

Step-by-step: Distributing your module Get a CPAN user ID, "perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist", Upload the tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! AUTHOR SEE ALSO

perlpragma - how to write a user pragma DESCRIPTION A basic example Key naming Implementation details

perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution DESCRIPTION LIST OF UTILITIES Documentation perldoc, pod2man and pod2text, pod2html and pod2latex, pod2usage, podselect, podchecker, splain, "roffitall" Converters a2p, s2p and psed, find2perl Administration configdata, libnetcfg, perlivp Development perlbug, perlthanks, h2ph, c2ph and pstruct, h2xs, enc2xs, xsubpp, prove, corelist General tools piconv, ptar, ptardiff, ptargrep, shasum, zipdetails Installation cpan, cpanp, cpan2dist, instmodsh SEE ALSO

perlfilter - Source Filters DESCRIPTION CONCEPTS USING FILTERS WRITING A SOURCE FILTER WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C Decryption Filters CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER CONCLUSION THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR Some Filters Clobber the "DATA" Handle REQUIREMENTS AUTHOR Copyrights

perldtrace - Perl's support for DTrace SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION HISTORY PROBES

sub-entry(SUBNAME, FILE, LINE, PACKAGE), sub-return(SUBNAME, FILE,

LINE, PACKAGE), phase-change(NEWPHASE, OLDPHASE) EXAMPLES Most frequently called functions, Trace function calls, Function calls during interpreter cleanup, System calls at compile time REFERENCES DTrace User Guide, DTrace: Dynamic Tracing in Oracle Solaris, Mac OS X and FreeBSD AUTHORS

perlglossary - Perl Glossary DESCRIPTION A accessor methods, actual arguments, address operator, algorithm, alias, alternatives, anonymous, architecture, argument, ARGV, arithmetical operator, array, array context, ASCII, assertion, assignment, assignment operator, associative array, associativity, asynchronous, atom, atomic operation, attribute, autogeneration, autoincrement, autoload, autosplit, autovivification, AV, awk B backreference, backtracking, backward compatibility, bareword,

base class, big-endian, binary, binary operator, bind, bit, bit shift, bit string, bless, block, BLOCK, block buffering, Boolean, Boolean context, breakpoint, broadcast, BSD, bucket,

buffer, built-in, bundle, byte, bytecode C C, C preprocessor, call by reference, call by value, callback, canonical, capture buffer, capture group, capturing, character, character class, character property, circumfix operator, class, class method, client, cloister, closure, cluster, CODE, code generator, code point, code subpattern, collating sequence,

command, command buffering, command name, command-line arguments, comment, compilation unit, compile phase, compile time, compiler, composer, concatenation, conditional, connection, construct, constructor, context, continuation, core dump, CPAN, cracker, current package, current working directory, currently selected output channel, CV D dangling statement, data structure, data type, datagram, DBM, declaration, decrement, default, defined, delimiter, deprecated modules and features, dereference, derived class, descriptor, destroy, destructor, device, directive, directory, directory handle, dispatch, distribution, (to be) dropped modules, dweomer, dwimmer, dynamic scoping E eclectic, element, embedding, empty list, empty subclass test, en passant, encapsulation, endian, environment, environment variable, EOF, errno, error, escape sequence, exception, exception handling, exec, executable file, execute, execute bit, exit status, export, expression, extension F false, FAQ, fatal error, field, FIFO, file, file descriptor, file test operator, fileglob, filehandle, filename, filesystem, filter, flag, floating point, flush, FMTEYEWTK, fork, formal arguments, format, freely available, freely redistributable, freeware, function, funny character G garbage collection, GID, glob, global, global destruction, glue language, granularity, greedy, grep, group, GV H hacker, handler, hard reference, hash, hash table, header file, here document, hexadecimal, home directory, host, hubris, HV I identifier, impatience, implementation, import, increment, indexing, indirect filehandle, indirect object, indirect object slot, indirection, infix, inheritance, instance, instance variable, integer, interface, interpolation, interpreter,

invocant, invocation, I/O, IO, IP, IPC, is-a, iteration, iterator, IV J JAPH K key, keyword L label, laziness, left shift, leftmost longest, lexeme, lexer, lexical analysis, lexical scoping, lexical variable, library, LIFO, line, line buffering, line number, link, LIST, list, list

context, list operator, list value, literal, little-endian, local, logical operator, lookahead, lookbehind, loop, loop control statement, loop label, lvaluable, lvalue, lvalue modifier M magic, magical increment, magical variables, Makefile, man, manpage, matching, member data, memory, metacharacter, metasymbol, method, minimalism, mode, modifier, module, modulus, monger, mortal, multidimensional array, multiple inheritance N named pipe, namespace, network address, newline, NFS, null character, null list, null string, numeric context, NV, nybble

O object, octal, offset, one-liner, open source software, operand, operating system, operator, operator overloading, options, ordinal, overloading, overriding, owner P package, pad, parameter, parent class, parse tree, parsing, patch, PATH, pathname, pattern, pattern matching, permission bits, Pern, pipe, pipeline, platform, pod, pointer, polymorphism, port, portable, porter, POSIX, postfix, pp, pragma, precedence, prefix, preprocessing, procedure, process, program generator, progressive matching, property, protocol, prototype, pseudofunction, pseudohash, pseudoliteral, public domain, pumpkin, pumpking, PV Q qualified, quantifier R readable, reaping, record, recursion, reference, referent, regex, regular expression, regular expression modifier, regular file, relational operator, reserved words, restricted hash, return value, RFC, right shift, root, RTFM, run phase, run

time, run-time pattern, RV, rvalue S scalar, scalar context, scalar literal, scalar value, scalar variable, scope, scratchpad, script, script kiddie, sed, semaphore, separator, serialization, server, service, setgid, setuid, shared memory, shebang, shell, side effects, signal, signal handler, single inheritance, slice, slurp, socket, soft reference, source filter, stack, standard, standard error, standard I/O, standard input, standard output, stat structure, statement, statement modifier, static, static method, static scoping, static variable, status, STDERR, STDIN, STDIO, STDOUT, stream, string, string context, stringification, struct, structure, subclass, subpattern, subroutine, subscript, substitution, substring, superclass, superuser, SV, switch, switch cluster, switch statement, symbol, symbol table, symbolic debugger, symbolic link, symbolic reference, synchronous, syntactic sugar, syntax, syntax tree, syscall T tainted, TCP, term, terminator, ternary, text, thread, tie, TMTOWTDI, token, tokener, tokenizing, toolbox approach, transliterate, trigger, trinary, troff, true, truncating, type, type casting, typed lexical, typedef, typeglob, typemap U UDP, UID, umask, unary operator, Unicode, Unix V value, variable, variable interpolation, variadic, vector,

virtual, void context, v-string W warning, watch expression, whitespace, word, working directory, wrapper, WYSIWYG X XS, XSUB Y yacc Z zero width, zombie AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program DESCRIPTION PREAMBLE Use C from Perl?, Use a Unix program from Perl?, Use Perl from Perl?, Use C from C?, Use Perl from C? ROADMAP Compiling your C program Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program Maintaining a persistent interpreter Execution of END blocks

$0 assignments Maintaining multiple interpreter instances Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C program Hiding Perl MORAL AUTHOR COPYRIGHT

perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging DESCRIPTION Debugger Internals Writing Your Own Debugger Frame Listing Output Examples Debugging Regular Expressions

Compile-time Output "anchored" STRING "at" POS, "floating" STRING "at" POS1..POS2, "matching floating/anchored", "minlen", "stclass" TYPE, "noscan", "isall", "GPOS", "plus", "implicit", "with eval", "anchored(TYPE)" Types of Nodes

Run-time Output Debugging Perl Memory Usage

Using $ENV{PERLDEBUGMSTATS} "buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)", Free/Used, "Total sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS", "pad: 0", "heads: 2192", "chain: 0", "tail: 6144" SEE ALSO

perlxstut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs DESCRIPTION SPECIAL NOTES make Version caveat Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading TUTORIAL EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2 What has gone on? Writing good test scripts EXAMPLE 3 What's new here? Input and Output Parameters The XSUBPP Program The TYPEMAP file Warning about Output Arguments EXAMPLE 4 What has happened here? Anatomy of .xs file Getting the fat out of XSUBs More about XSUB arguments The Argument Stack Extending your Extension Documenting your Extension Installing your Extension EXAMPLE 5 New Things in this Example EXAMPLE 6 New Things in this Example EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes Troubleshooting these Examples See also Author Last Changed

perlxs - XS language reference manual DESCRIPTION Introduction On The Road The Anatomy of an XSUB The Argument Stack The RETVAL Variable Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL The MODULE Keyword The PACKAGE Keyword The PREFIX Keyword The OUTPUT: Keyword The NOOUTPUT Keyword The CODE: Keyword The INIT: Keyword The NOINIT Keyword The TYPEMAP: Keyword Initializing Function Parameters Default Parameter Values The PREINIT: Keyword The SCOPE: Keyword The INPUT: Keyword The IN/OUTLIST/INOUTLIST/OUT/INOUT Keywords The "length(NAME)" Keyword

Variable-length Parameter Lists The CARGS: Keyword The PPCODE: Keyword Returning Undef And Empty Lists The REQUIRE: Keyword The CLEANUP: Keyword The POSTCALL: Keyword The BOOT: Keyword The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword The PROTOTYPES: Keyword The PROTOTYPE: Keyword The ALIAS: Keyword The OVERLOAD: Keyword The FALLBACK: Keyword The INTERFACE: Keyword The INTERFACEMACRO: Keyword The INCLUDE: Keyword The INCLUDECOMMAND: Keyword The CASE: Keyword The EXPORTXSUBSYMBOLS: Keyword The & Unary Operator Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives Using XS With C++ Interface Strategy Perl Objects And C Structures Safely Storing Static Data in XS MYCXTKEY, typedef mycxtt, STARTMYCXT, MYCXTINIT, dMYCXT, MYCXT, aMYCXT/pMYCXT, MYCXTCLONE, MYCXTINITINTERP(myperl), dMYCXTINTERP(myperl)

Thread-aware system interfaces EXAMPLES XS VERSION AUTHOR

perlxstypemap - Perl XS C/Perl type mapping DESCRIPTION Anatomy of a typemap The Role of the typemap File in Your Distribution Sharing typemaps Between CPAN Distributions Writing typemap Entries Full Listing of Core Typemaps TSV, TSVREF, TSVREFFIXED, TAVREF, TAVREFREFCOUNTFIXED, THVREF, THVREFREFCOUNTFIXED, TCVREF, TCVREFREFCOUNTFIXED, TSYSRET, TUV, TIV, TINT, TENUM, TBOOL, TUINT, TSHORT, TUSHORT, TLONG, TULONG, TCHAR, TUCHAR, TFLOAT, TNV, TDOUBLE, TPV, TPTR, TPTRREF, TPTROBJ, TREFIVREF, TREFIVPTR, TPTRDESC, TREFREF, TREFOBJ, TOPAQUEPTR, TOPAQUE, Implicit array, TPACKED, TPACKEDARRAY, TDATAUNIT, TCALLBACK, TARRAY, TSTDIO, TINOUT, TIN, TOUT

perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions DESCRIPTION Conventions "t", "p", "n", "s" File Operations File Input and Output File Positioning Memory Management and String Handling Character Class Tests stdlib.h functions Miscellaneous functions SEE ALSO

perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API DESCRIPTION Variables Datatypes What is an "IV"? Working with SVs Offsets What's Really Stored in an SV? Working with AVs Working with HVs Hash API Extensions AVs, HVs and undefined values References Blessed References and Class Objects Creating New Variables GVADDMULTI, GVADDWARN Reference Counts and Mortality Stashes and Globs

Double-Typed SVs Magic Variables Assigning Magic Magic Virtual Tables Finding Magic Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays Localizing changes "SAVEINT(int i)", "SAVEIV(IV i)", "SAVEI32(I32 i)", "SAVELONG(long i)", SAVESPTR(s), SAVEPPTR(p), "SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)", "SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV *sv)", "SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)", SAVEFREEPV(p), "SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)", "SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)", "SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNCNOCONTEXTt f, void *p)", "SAVEDESTRUCTORX(DESTRUCTORFUNCt f, void *p)", "SAVESTACKPOS()", "SV* savescalar(GV *gv)", "AV* saveary(GV *gv)", "HV* savehash(GV *gv)", "void saveitem(SV *item)", "void savelist(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)", "SV* savesvref(SV **sptr)", "void saveaptr(AV **aptr)", "void savehptr(HV **hptr)" Subroutines XSUBs and the Argument Stack Autoloading with XSUBs Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs Memory Allocation PerlIO Putting a C value on Perl stack Scratchpads Scratchpads and recursion Compiled code Code tree Examining the tree Compile pass 1: check routines Compile pass 1a: constant folding Compile pass 2: context propagation Compile pass 3: peephole optimization Pluggable runops

Compile-time scope hooks "void bhkstart(pTHX int full)", "void bhkpreend(pTHX OP **o)", "void bhkpostend(pTHX OP **o)", "void bhkeval(pTHX OP *const o)" Examining internal data structures with the "dump" functions How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported Background and PERLIMPLICITCONTEXT So what happened to dTHR? How do I use all this in extensions? Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads? Future Plans and PERLIMPLICITSYS Internal Functions A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b, others Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs

Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer Exception Handling Source Documentation Backwards compatibility Unicode Support What is Unicode, anyway?

How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?

How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?

How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?

How do I convert a string to UTF-8? Is there anything else I need to know? Custom Operators xopname, xopdesc, xopclass, OABASEOP, OAUNOP, OABINOP, OALOGOP, OALISTOP, OAPMOP, OASVOP, OAPADOP, OAPVOPORSVOP, OALOOP, OACOP, xoppeep AUTHORS SEE ALSO

perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C DESCRIPTION

An Error Handler, An Event-Driven Program THE CALL FUNCTIONS callsv, callpv, callmethod, callargv FLAG VALUES GVOID GSCALAR GARRAY GDISCARD GNOARGS GEVAL GKEEPERR Determining the Context EXAMPLES No Parameters, Nothing Returned Passing Parameters Returning a Scalar Returning a List of Values Returning a List in a Scalar Context Returning Data from Perl via the Parameter List Using GEVAL Using GKEEPERR Using callsv Using callargv Using callmethod Using GIMMEV Using Perl to Dispose of Temporaries Strategies for Storing Callback Context Information

1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a

sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback Alternate Stack Manipulation Creating and Calling an Anonymous Subroutine in C LIGHTWEIGHT CALLBACKS SEE ALSO AUTHOR DATE

perlmroapi - Perl method resolution plugin interface DESCRIPTION resolve, name, length, kflags, hash Callbacks Caching Examples AUTHORS

perlreapi - perl regular expression plugin interface DESCRIPTION Callbacks comp

"/m" - RXfPMfMULTILINE, "/s" - RXfPMfSINGLELINE, "/i" -

RXfPMfFOLD, "/x" - RXfPMfEXTENDED, "/p" - RXfPMfKEEPCOPY, Character set, RXfUTF8, RXfSPLIT, RXfSKIPWHITE, RXfSTARTONLY, RXfWHITE, RXfNULL exec intuit checkstr free Numbered capture callbacks Named capture callbacks qrpackage dupe The REGEXP structure "engine" "motherre" "extflags" "minlen" "minlenret" "gofs" "substrs" "nparens", "lastparen", and "lastcloseparen" "intflags" "pprivate" "swap" "offs" "precomp" "prelen" "parennames" "substrs" "subbeg" "sublen" "savedcopy" "wrapped" "wraplen" "seenevals" "refcnt" HISTORY AUTHORS LICENSE

perlreguts - Description of the Perl regular expression engine. DESCRIPTION OVERVIEW A quick note on terms What is a regular expression engine? Structure of a Regexp Program "regnode1", "regnode2", "regnodestring", "regnodecharclass", "regnodecharclassclass" Process Overview A. Compilation, 1. Parsing for size, 2. Parsing for construction,

3. Peep-hole optimisation and analysis, B. Execution, 4. Start

position and no-match optimisations, 5. Program execution Compilation anchored fixed strings, floating fixed strings, minimum and maximum length requirements, start class, Beginning/End of line positions Execution MISCELLANEOUS Unicode and Localisation Support Base Structures "swap", "offsets", "regstclass", "data", "program" SEE ALSO AUTHOR LICENCE REFERENCES

perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API DESCRIPTION "Gimme" Values GIMME , GIMMEV , GARRAY , GDISCARD , GEVAL , GNOARGS , GSCALAR , GVOID Array Manipulation Functions AvFILL , avclear , avcreateandpush , avcreateandunshiftone , avdelete , avexists , avextend , avfetch , avfill , avlen , avmake , avpop , avpush , avshift , avstore , avundef , avunshift , getav , newAV , sortsv , sortsvflags Callback Functions callargv , callmethod , callpv , callsv , ENTER , evalpv , evalsv , FREETMPS , LEAVE , SAVETMPS Character case changing toLOWER , toUPPER Character classes isALPHA , isASCII , isDIGIT , isLOWER , isOCTAL , isSPACE , isUPPER , isWORDCHAR , isXDIGIT Cloning an interpreter perlclone

Compile-time scope hooks BhkDISABLE , BhkENABLE , BhkENTRYset , blockhookregister COP Hint Hashes cophh2hv , cophhcopy , cophhdeletepv , cophhdeletepvn , cophhdeletepvs , cophhdeletesv , cophhfetchpv , cophhfetchpvn , cophhfetchpvs , cophhfetchsv , cophhfree , cophhnewempty , cophhstorepv , cophhstorepvn , cophhstorepvs , cophhstoresv COP Hint Reading cophints2hv , cophintsfetchpv , cophintsfetchpvn , cophintsfetchpvs , cophintsfetchsv Custom Operators customopregister , customopxop , XopDISABLE , XopENABLE , XopENTRY , XopENTRYset , XopFLAGS CV Manipulation Functions CvSTASH , getcv , getcvnflags Embedding Functions cvclone , cvundef , findrundefsv , findrundefsvoffset , loadmodule , nothreadhook , padaddanon , padaddnamepv , padaddnamepvn , padaddnamesv , padalloc , padcompnametype , padfindmypv , padfindmypvn , padfindmysv , padsetsv , padsv , padtidy , perlalloc , perlconstruct , perldestruct , perlfree , perlparse , perlrun , requirepv Functions in file dump.c pvdisplay , pvescape , pvpretty Functions in file mathoms.c customopdesc , customopname , gvfetchmethod , packcat , sv2pvbytenolen , sv2pvutf8nolen , sv2pvnolen , svcatpvnmg , svcatsvmg , svforcenormal , sviv , svnolocking , svnounlocking , svnv , svpv , svpvbyte , svpvbyten , svpvn , svpvutf8 , svpvutf8n , svtaint , svunref , svusepvn , svusepvnmg , svuv , unpackstr Functions in file op.c opcontextualize Functions in file perl.h PERLSYSINIT , PERLSYSINIT3 , PERLSYSTERM Functions in file ppctl.c callercx , findruncv Functions in file pppack.c packlist , unpackstring Functions in file ppsys.c setdefout Functions in file utf8.h ibcmputf8 Functions in file util.h ibcmp , ibcmplocale Global Variables PLcheck , PLkeywordplugin GV Functions GvSV , gvconstsv , gvfetchmeth , gvfetchmethodautoload , gvfetchmethautoload , gvfetchmethpv , gvfetchmethpvn , gvfetchmethpvnautoload , gvfetchmethpvautoload , gvfetchmethsv , gvfetchmethsvautoload , gvinit , gvinitpv , gvinitpvn , gvinitsv , gvstashpv , gvstashpvn , gvstashpvs , gvstashsv Handy Values Nullav , Nullch , Nullcv , Nullhv , Nullsv Hash Manipulation Functions copfetchlabel , copstorelabel , gethv , HEfSVKEY , HeHASH , HeKEY , HeKLEN , HePV , HeSVKEY , HeSVKEYforce , HeSVKEYset , HeUTF8 , HeVAL , HvENAME , HvENAMELEN , HvENAMEUTF8 , HvNAME , HvNAMELEN , HvNAMEUTF8 , hvassert , hvclear , hvclearplaceholders , hvcopyhintshv , hvdelete , hvdeleteent , hvexists , hvexistsent , hvfetch , hvfetchs , hvfetchent , hvfill , hviterinit , hviterkey , hviterkeysv , hviternext , hviternextsv , hviternextflags , hviterval , hvmagic , hvscalar , hvstore , hvstores , hvstoreent , hvundef , newHV Hook manipulation wrapopchecker Lexer interface lexbufutf8 , lexdiscardto , lexgrowlinestr , lexnextchunk , lexpeekunichar , lexreadspace , lexreadto , lexreadunichar , lexstart , lexstuffpv , lexstuffpvn , lexstuffpvs , lexstuffsv , lexunstuff , parsearithexpr , parsebarestmt , parseblock , parsefullexpr , parsefullstmt , parselabel , parselistexpr , parsestmtseq , parsetermexpr , PLparser ,

PLparser->bufend , PLparser->bufptr , PLparser->linestart ,

PLparser->linestr Magical Functions mgclear , mgcopy , mgfind , mgfindext , mgfree , mgfreetype , mgget , mglength , mgmagical , mgset , SvGETMAGIC , SvLOCK , SvSETMAGIC , SvSetMagicSV , SvSetMagicSVnosteal , SvSetSV , SvSetSVnosteal , SvSHARE , SvUNLOCK Memory Management Copy , CopyD , Move , MoveD , Newx , Newxc , Newxz , Poison , PoisonFree , PoisonNew , PoisonWith , Renew , Renewc , Safefree , savepv , savepvn , savepvs , savesharedpv , savesharedpvn , savesharedpvs , savesharedsvpv , savesvpv , StructCopy , Zero , ZeroD Miscellaneous Functions fbmcompile , fbminstr , foldEQ , foldEQlocale , form , getcwdsv , mess , messsv , mysnprintf , mysprintf , myvsnprintf , newversion , prescanversion , scanversion , strEQ , strGE , strGT , strLE , strLT , strNE , strnEQ , strnNE , svdestroyable , svnosharing , upgversion , vcmp , vmess , vnormal , vnumify , vstringify , vverify MRO Functions mrogetlinearisa , mromethodchangedin , mroregister Multicall Functions dMULTICALL , MULTICALL , POPMULTICALL , PUSHMULTICALL Numeric functions grokbin , grokhex , groknumber , groknumericradix , grokoct , Perlsignbit , scanbin , scanhex , scanoct Optree construction newASSIGNOP , newBINOP , newCONDOP , newFOROP , newGIVENOP , newGVOP , newLISTOP , newLOGOP , newLOOPEX , newLOOPOP , newNULLLIST , newOP , newPADOP , newPMOP , newPVOP , newRANGE , newSLICEOP , newSTATEOP , newSVOP , newUNOP , newWHENOP , newWHILEOP Optree Manipulation Functions ckentersubargslist , ckentersubargsproto , ckentersubargsprotoorlist , cvconstsv , cvgetcallchecker , cvsetcallchecker , LINKLIST , newCONSTSUB , newCONSTSUBflags , newXS , opappendelem , opappendlist , OPCLASS , OPDESC , oplinklist , oplvalue , OPNAME , opprependelem , opscope , rv2cvopcv Pad Data Structures CvPADLIST , padaddnamepvs , padfindmypvs , padnew , PLcomppad , PLcomppadname , PLcurpad

Per-Interpreter Variables PLmodglobal , PLna , PLopfreehook , PLpeepp , PLrpeepp , PLsvno , PLsvundef , PLsvyes REGEXP Functions SvRX , SvRXOK Simple Exception Handling Macros dXCPT , XCPTCATCH , XCPTRETHROW , XCPTTRYEND , XCPTTRYSTART Stack Manipulation Macros dMARK , dORIGMARK , dSP , EXTEND , MARK , mPUSHi , mPUSHn , mPUSHp , mPUSHs , mPUSHu , mXPUSHi , mXPUSHn , mXPUSHp , mXPUSHs , mXPUSHu , ORIGMARK , POPi , POPl , POPn , POPp , POPpbytex , POPpx , POPs , PUSHi , PUSHMARK , PUSHmortal , PUSHn , PUSHp , PUSHs , PUSHu , PUTBACK , SP , SPAGAIN , XPUSHi , XPUSHmortal , XPUSHn , XPUSHp , XPUSHs , XPUSHu , XSRETURN , XSRETURNEMPTY , XSRETURNIV , XSRETURNNO , XSRETURNNV , XSRETURNPV , XSRETURNUNDEF , XSRETURNUV , XSRETURNYES , XSTmIV , XSTmNO , XSTmNV , XSTmPV , XSTmUNDEF , XSTmYES SV Flags svtype , SVtIV , SVtNV , SVtPV , SVtPVAV , SVtPVCV , SVtPVHV , SVtPVMG SV Manipulation Functions boolSV , croakxsusage , getsv , newRVinc , newSVpvnutf8 , SvCUR , SvCURset , SvEND , SvGAMAGIC , SvGROW , SvIOK , SvIOKp , SvIOKnotUV , SvIOKoff , SvIOKon , SvIOKonly , SvIOKonlyUV , SvIOKUV , SvIsCOW , SvIsCOWsharedhash , SvIV , SvIVX , SvIVx , SvIVnomg , SvIVset , SvLEN , SvLENset , SvMAGICset , SvNIOK , SvNIOKp , SvNIOKoff , SvNOK , SvNOKp , SvNOKoff , SvNOKon , SvNOKonly , SvNV , SvNVX , SvNVx , SvNVnomg , SvNVset , SvOK , SvOOK , SvOOKoffset , SvPOK , SvPOKp , SvPOKoff , SvPOKon , SvPOKonly , SvPOKonlyUTF8 , SvPV , SvPVbyte , SvPVbytex , SvPVbytexforce , SvPVbyteforce , SvPVbytenolen , SvPVutf8 , SvPVutf8x , SvPVutf8xforce , SvPVutf8force , SvPVutf8nolen , SvPVX , SvPVx , SvPVforce , SvPVforcenomg , SvPVnolen , SvPVnomg , SvPVnomgnolen , SvPVset , SvREFCNT , SvREFCNTdec , SvREFCNTinc , SvREFCNTincNN , SvREFCNTincsimple , SvREFCNTincsimpleNN , SvREFCNTincsimplevoid , SvREFCNTincsimplevoidNN , SvREFCNTincvoid , SvREFCNTincvoidNN , SvROK , SvROKoff , SvROKon , SvRV , SvRVset , SvSTASH , SvSTASHset , SvTAINT , SvTAINTED , SvTAINTEDoff , SvTAINTEDon , SvTRUE , SvTRUEnomg , SvTYPE , SvUOK , SvUPGRADE , SvUTF8 , SvUTF8off , SvUTF8on , SvUV , SvUVX , SvUVx , SvUVnomg , SvUVset , SvVOK , svcatpvnnomg , svcatpvnomg , svcatsvnomg , svderivedfrom , svderivedfrompv , svderivedfrompvn , svderivedfromsv , svdoes , svdoespv , svdoespvn , svdoessv , svreportused , svsetsvnomg , svutf8upgradenomg

SV-Body Allocation lookslikenumber , newRVnoinc , newSV , newSVhek , newSViv , newSVnv , newSVpv , newSVpvf , newSVpvn , newSVpvnflags , newSVpvnshare , newSVpvs , newSVpvsflags , newSVpvsshare , newSVpvshare , newSVrv , newSVsv , newSVuv , newSVtype , sv2bool , sv2boolflags , sv2cv , sv2io , sv2ivflags , sv2mortal , sv2nvflags , sv2pvbyte , sv2pvutf8 , sv2pvflags , sv2uvflags , svbackoff , svbless , svcatpv , svcatpvf , svcatpvfmg , svcatpvn , svcatpvnflags , svcatpvs , svcatpvsflags , svcatpvsmg , svcatpvsnomg , svcatpvflags , svcatpvmg , svcatsv , svcatsvflags , svchop , svclear , svcmp , svcmpflags , svcmplocale , svcmplocaleflags , svcollxfrm , svcollxfrmflags , svcopypv , svdec , svdecnomg , sveq , sveqflags , svforcenormalflags , svfree , svgets , svgrow , svinc , svincnomg , svinsert , svinsertflags , svisa , svisobject , svlen , svlenutf8 , svmagic , svmagicext , svmortalcopy , svnewmortal , svnewref , svposb2u , svposu2b , svposu2bflags , svpvbytenforce , svpvnforce , svpvnforceflags , svpvutf8nforce , svreftype , svreplace , svreset , svrvweaken , svsetiv , svsetivmg , svsetnv , svsetnvmg , svsetpv , svsetpvf , svsetpvfmg , svsetpviv , svsetpvivmg , svsetpvn , svsetpvnmg , svsetpvs , svsetpvsmg , svsetpvmg , svsetrefiv , svsetrefnv , svsetrefpv , svsetrefpvn , svsetrefpvs , svsetrefuv , svsetsv , svsetsvflags , svsetsvmg , svsetuv , svsetuvmg , svtainted , svtrue , svunmagic , svunmagicext , svunrefflags , svuntaint , svupgrade , svusepvnflags , svutf8decode , svutf8downgrade , svutf8encode , svutf8upgrade , svutf8upgradeflags , svutf8upgradenomg , svvcatpvf , svvcatpvfn , svvcatpvfmg , svvsetpvf , svvsetpvfn , svvsetpvfmg Unicode Support bytescmputf8 , bytesfromutf8 , bytestoutf8 , foldEQutf8 , isasciistring , isutf8char , isutf8charbuf , isutf8string , isutf8stringloc , isutf8stringloclen , pvunidisplay , svcatdecode , svrecodetoutf8 , svunidisplay , toutf8case , toutf8fold , toutf8lower , toutf8title , toutf8upper , utf8ntouvchr , utf8ntouvuni , utf8distance , utf8hop , utf8length , utf8tobytes , utf8touvchr , utf8touvchrbuf , utf8touvuni , utf8touvunibuf , uvchrtoutf8 , uvunitoutf8flags Variables created by "xsubpp" and "xsubpp" internal functions ax , CLASS , dAX , dAXMARK , dITEMS , dUNDERBAR , dXSARGS , dXSI32 , items , ix , newXSproto , RETVAL , ST , THIS , UNDERBAR , XS , XSAPIVERSIONBOOTCHECK , XSEXTERNAL , XSINTERNAL , XSVERSION , XSVERSIONBOOTCHECK Warning and Dieing croak , croaknomodify , croaksv , die , diesv , vcroak , vwarn , warn , warnsv Undocumented functions GetVars , GvAMupdate , PerlIOclearerr , PerlIOclose , PerlIOcontextlayers , PerlIOeof , PerlIOerror , PerlIOfileno , PerlIOfill , PerlIOflush , PerlIOgetbase , PerlIOgetbufsiz , PerlIOgetcnt , PerlIOgetptr , PerlIOread , PerlIOseek , PerlIOsetcnt , PerlIOsetptrcnt , PerlIOsetlinebuf , PerlIOstderr , PerlIOstdin , PerlIOstdout , PerlIOtell , PerlIOunread , PerlIOwrite , SlabAlloc , SlabFree , isutf8quotemeta , amagiccall , amagicderefcall , anydup , atforklock , atforkunlock , avarylenp , aviterp , blockgimme , callatexit , calllist , calloc , casti32 , castiv , castulong , castuv , ckwarner , ckwarnerd , ckwarn , ckwarnd , cloneparamsdel , cloneparamsnew , croaknocontext , csighandler , cxdump , cxdup , cxinc , deb , debnocontext , debop , debprofdump , debstack , debstackptrs , delimcpy , despatchsignals , dienocontext , dirpdup , doaspawn , dobinmode , doclose , dogvdump , dogvgvdump , dohvdump , dojoin , domagicdump , doopdump , doopen , doopen9 , doopenn , dopmopdump , dospawn , dospawnnowait , dosprintf , dosvdump , doingtaint , doref , dounwind , dowantarray , dumpall , dumpeval , dumpfds , dumpform , dumpindent , dumpmstats , dumppacksubs , dumpsub , dumpvindent , filteradd , filterdel , filterread , foldEQlatin1 , formnocontext , fpdup , fprintfnocontext , freeglobalstruct , freetmps , getcontext , getmstats , getopdescs , getopnames , getppaddr , getvtbl , gpdup , gpfree , gpref , gvAVadd , gvHVadd , gvIOadd , gvSVadd , gvaddbytype , gvautoload4 , gvautoloadpv , gvautoloadpvn , gvautoloadsv , gvcheck , gvdump , gvefullname , gvefullname3 , gvefullname4 , gvfetchfile , gvfetchfileflags , gvfetchpv , gvfetchpvnflags , gvfetchsv , gvfullname , gvfullname3 , gvfullname4 , gvhandler , gvnameset , hedup , hekdup , hvcommon , hvcommonkeylen , hvdelayfreeent , hveiterp , hveiterset , hvfreeent , hvksplit , hvnameset , hvplaceholdersget , hvplaceholdersp , hvplaceholdersset , hvriterp , hvriterset , initglobalstruct , initi18nl10n , initi18nl14n , initstacks , inittm , instr , islvaluesub , isunialnum , isunialnumlc , isunialpha , isunialphalc , isuniascii , isuniasciilc , isunicntrl , isunicntrllc , isunidigit , isunidigitlc , isunigraph , isunigraphlc , isuniidfirst , isuniidfirstlc , isunilower , isunilowerlc , isuniprint , isuniprintlc , isunipunct , isunipunctlc , isunispace , isunispacelc , isuniupper , isuniupperlc , isunixdigit , isunixdigitlc , isutf8alnum , isutf8alpha , isutf8ascii , isutf8cntrl , isutf8digit , isutf8graph , isutf8idcont , isutf8idfirst , isutf8lower , isutf8mark , isutf8perlspace , isutf8perlword , isutf8posixdigit , isutf8print , isutf8punct , isutf8space , isutf8upper , isutf8xdigit , isutf8xidcont , isutf8xidfirst , leavescope , loadmodulenocontext , magicdump , malloc , markstackgrow , messnocontext , mfree , mgdup , mgsize , minimktime , moreswitches , mrogetfromname , mrogetprivatedata , mrosetmro , mrosetprivatedata , myatof , myatof2 , mybcopy , mybzero , mychsize , mycxtindex , mycxtinit , mydirfd , myexit , myfailureexit , myfflushall , myfork , myhtonl , mylstat , mymemcmp , mymemset , myntohl , mypclose , mypopen , mypopenlist , mysetenv , mysocketpair , mystat , mystrftime , mystrlcat , mystrlcpy , myswap , newANONATTRSUB , newANONHASH , newANONLIST , newANONSUB , newATTRSUB , newAVREF , newCVREF , newFORM , newGVREF , newGVgen , newGVgenflags , newHVREF , newHVhv , newIO , newMYSUB , newPROG , newRV , newSUB , newSVREF , newSVpvfnocontext , newcollate , newctype , newnumeric , newstackinfo , ninstr , opdump , opfree , opnull , oprefcntlock , oprefcntunlock , parserdup , perlallocusing , perlcloneusing , pmopdump , popscope , pregcomp , pregexec , pregfree , pregfree2 , printfnocontext , ptrtableclear , ptrtablefetch , ptrtablefree , ptrtablenew , ptrtablesplit , ptrtablestore , pushscope , recompile , redupguts , reintuitstart , reintuitstring , realloc , reentrantfree , reentrantinit , reentrantretry , reentrantsize , ref , regnamedbuffall , regnamedbuffexists , regnamedbufffetch , regnamedbufffirstkey , regnamedbuffnextkey , regnamedbuffscalar , regclassswash , regdump , regdupeinternal , regexecflags , regfreeinternal , reginitcolors , regnext , repeatcpy , rninstr , rsignal , rsignalstate , runopsdebug , runopsstandard , rvpvdup , safesyscalloc , safesysfree , safesysmalloc , safesysrealloc , saveI16 , saveI32 , saveI8 , saveadelete , saveaelem , saveaelemflags , savealloc , saveaptr , saveary , savebool , saveclearsv , savedelete , savedestructor , savedestructorx , savefreeop , savefreepv , savefreesv , savegenericpvref , savegenericsvref , savegp , savehash , savehdelete , savehelem , savehelemflags , savehints , savehptr , saveint , saveitem , saveiv , savelist , savelong , savemortalizesv , savenogv , saveop , savepadsvandmortalize , savepptr , savepushi32ptr , savepushptr , savepushptrptr , saverecontext , savescalar , savesetsvflags , savesharedpvref , savesptr , savesvref , savevptr , savestackgrow , savestackgrowcnt , scannum , scanvstring , screaminstr , seed , setcontext , setnumericlocal , setnumericradix , setnumericstandard , sharehek , sidup , ssdup , stackgrow , startsubparse , stashpvhvnamematch , strtoversion , sv2iv , sv2pv , sv2uv , svcatpvfmgnocontext , svcatpvfnocontext , svcompile2op , svdump , svdup , svdupinc , svpeek , svpvnnomg , svsetpvfmgnocontext , svsetpvfnocontext , svutf8upgradeflagsgrow , swashfetch , swashinit , sysinit , sysinit3 , sysinternclear , sysinterndup , sysinterninit , systerm , taintenv , taintproper , tmpsgrow , tounifold , tounilower , tounilowerlc , tounititle , tounititlelc , touniupper , touniupperlc , unlnk , unsharepvn , utf16toutf8 , utf16toutf8reversed , uvchrtoutf8flags , uvunitoutf8 , vdeb , vform , vloadmodule , vnewSVpvf , vwarner , warnnocontext , warner , warnernocontext , whichsig , whichsigpv , whichsigpvn , whichsigsv AUTHORS SEE ALSO

perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely internal Perl functions DESCRIPTION

Compile-time scope hooks BhkENTRY , BhkFLAGS , CALLBLOCKHOOKS CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE CvWEAKOUTSIDE Embedding Functions cvdump , dodumppad , intromy , padlistdup , padallocname , padblockstart , padcheckdup , padfindlex , padfixupinneranons , padfree , padleavemy , padpush , padreset , padswipe Functions in file op.c coreprototype Functions in file ppctl.c docatch GV Functions gvtrydowngrade Hash Manipulation Functions hvenameadd , hvenamedelete , refcountedhechain2hv , refcountedhefetchpv , refcountedhefetchpvn , refcountedhefetchpvs , refcountedhefetchsv , refcountedhefree , refcountedheinc , refcountedhenewpv , refcountedhenewpvn , refcountedhenewpvs , refcountedhenewsv IO Functions startglob Magical Functions magicclearhint , magicclearhints , magicmethcall , magicsethint , mglocalize MRO Functions mrogetlinearisadfs , mroisachangedin , mropackagemoved Optree Manipulation Functions finalizeoptree Pad Data Structures CXCURPADSAVE , CXCURPADSV , PADBASESV , PADCLONEVARS , PADCOMPNAMEFLAGS , PADCOMPNAMEGEN , PADCOMPNAMEGENset , PADCOMPNAMEOURSTASH , PADCOMPNAMEPV , PADCOMPNAMETYPE , padpeg , PADRESTORELOCAL , PADSAVELOCAL , PADSAVESETNULLPAD , PADSETSV , PADSETCUR , PADSETCURNOSAVE , PADSV , PADSVl , SAVECLEARSV , SAVECOMPPAD , SAVEPADSV

Per-Interpreter Variables PLDBsingle , PLDBsub , PLDBtrace , PLdowarn , PLlastingv , PLofsgv , PLrs Stack Manipulation Macros djSP , LVRET SV Manipulation Functions svaddarena , svcleanall , svcleanobjs , svfreearenas

SV-Body Allocation sv2num , svref Unicode Support finduninitvar , reportuninit Undocumented functions addrangetoinvlist , coreswashinit , invlistarrayinit , invlistcontents , invlistintersection , invlistintersectionmaybecomplement2nd , invlistinvert , invlistinvertprop , invlistpopulateswatch , invlistsubtract , invlistunion , invlistunionmaybecomplement2nd , isutf8perlidstart , newinvlist , swashinversionhash , swashtoinvlist , tofoldlatin1 , touppertitlelatin1 , aassigncommonvars , addcptoinvlist , addmad , allocmy , amagicisenabled , appendmadprops , apply , avreify , bindmatch , blockend , blockstart , bootcorePerlIO , bootcoreUNIVERSAL , bootcoremro , cando , checkutf8print , ckentersubargscore , convert , coresubop , createevalscope , cvckprotolenflags , cvgvset , cvstashset , debstackall , deleteevalscope , dieunwind , doaexec , doaexec5 , doeof , doexec , doexec3 , doexecfree , doipcctl , doipcget , domsgrcv , domsgsnd , doncmp , doopxmldump , dopmopxmldump , doprint , doreadline , doseek , dosemop , doshmio , dosysseek , dotell , dotrans , dovecget , dovecset , dovop , dofile , dumpallperl , dumppacksubsperl , dumpsubperl , dumpsvchild , emulatecopio , featureisenabled , findrundefsv2 , findscript , freetiedhvpool , getdbsub , getdebugopts , gethashseed , getinvlistiteraddr , getinvlistlenaddr , getinvlistversionidaddr , getinvlistzeroaddr , getnomodify , getopargs , getrearg , getenvlen , hfreenextentry , hvbackreferencesp , hvkillbackrefs , hvundefflags , initargvsymbols , initdbargs , initdebugger , invert , invlistarray , invlistclone , invlistiterinit , invlistlen , invlistmax , invlistsetlen , invlisttrim , ioclose , isutf8XL , isutf8XLV , isutf8XLVT , isutf8XLVLVTV , isutf8XT , isutf8XV , isutf8Xbegin , isutf8Xextend , isutf8Xnonhangul , isutf8Xprepend , jmaybe , keyword , keywordpluginstandard , list , localize , madfree , madlex , madparse , magicclearallenv , magicclearenv , magicclearisa , magicclearpack , magicclearsig , magicexistspack , magicfreearylenp , magicfreeovrld , magicget , magicgetarylen , magicgetdefelem , magicgetnkeys , magicgetpack , magicgetpos , magicgetsig , magicgetsubstr , magicgettaint , magicgetuvar , magicgetvec , magickillbackrefs , magiclen , magicnextpack , magicregdatacnt , magicregdatumget , magicregdatumset , magicscalarpack , magicset , magicsetallenv , magicsetamagic , magicsetarylen , magicsetcollxfrm , magicsetdbline , magicsetdefelem , magicsetenv , magicsetisa , magicsetmglob , magicsetnkeys , magicsetpack , magicsetpos , magicsetregexp , magicsetsig , magicsetsubstr , magicsettaint , magicsetutf8 , magicsetuvar , magicsetvec , magicsetvstring , magicsizepack , magicwipepack , mallocgoodsize , mallocedsize , memcollxfrm , modefromdiscipline , morebodies , mrometadup , mrometainit , mungeqwlisttoparenlist , myattrs , mybetoh16 , mybetoh32 , mybetoh64 , mybetohi , mybetohl , mybetohs , myclearenv , myhtobe16 , myhtobe32 , myhtobe64 , myhtobei , myhtobel , myhtobes , myhtole16 , myhtole32 , myhtole64 , myhtolei , myhtolel , myhtoles , myletoh16 , myletoh32 , myletoh64 , myletohi , myletohl , myletohs , mylstatflags , mystatflags , myswabn , myunexec , newATTRSUBflags , newGP , newMADPROP , newMADsv , newTOKEN , newXSlenflags , newwarningsbitfield , nextargv , oopsAV , oopsHV , opclear , opconstsv , opgetmad , opgetmadweak , opintegerize , oplvalueflags , oprefcntdec , oprefcntinc , opstdinit , opxmldump , package , packageversion , parseunicodeopts , parserfree , peep , pendingSlabstoro , pmopxmldump , pmruntime , populateisa , prependmadprops , qerror , regnamedbuff , regnamedbuffiter , regnumberedbufffetch , regnumberedbufflength , regnumberedbuffstore , regqrpackage , regtempcopy , regcurly , regprop , reportevilfh , reportredefinedcv , reportwrongwayfh , rpeep , rsignalrestore , rsignalsave , rxressave , samedirent , sawparens , scalar , scalarvoid , setregclassbit , sighandler , softref2xv , subcrushdepth , svaddbackref , svcatxmlpv , svcatxmlpvn , svcatxmlsv , svcompile2opisbroken , svdelbackref , svfree2 , svkillbackrefs , svsethek , svsetsvcow , svunglob , svxmlpeek , tiedmethod , tokenfree , tokengetmad , translatesubstroffsets , tryamagicbin , tryamagicun , unsharehek , utilize , varname , vivifydefelem , vivifyref , wait4pid , waslvaluesub , watch , writetostderr , xmldumpall , xmldumpallperl , xmldumpeval , xmldumpform , xmldumpindent , xmldumppacksubs , xmldumppacksubsperl , xmldumpsub , xmldumpsubperl , xmldumpvindent , xsapiversionbootcheck , xsversionbootcheck , yyerror , yyerrorpv , yyerrorpvn , yylex , yyparse , yyunlex AUTHORS SEE ALSO

perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION History and Background Basic Structure Layers vs Disciplines Data Structures Functions and Attributes

Per-instance Data Layers in action.

Per-instance flag bits PERLIOFEOF, PERLIOFCANWRITE, PERLIOFCANREAD, PERLIOFERROR, PERLIOFTRUNCATE, PERLIOFAPPEND, PERLIOFCRLF, PERLIOFUTF8, PERLIOFUNBUF, PERLIOFWRBUF, PERLIOFRDBUF, PERLIOFLINEBUF, PERLIOFTEMP, PERLIOFOPEN, PERLIOFFASTGETS Methods in Detail fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIOKBUFFERED, PERLIOKRAW, PERLIOKCANCRLF, PERLIOKFASTGETS, PERLIOKMULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode, Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Getbase, Getbufsiz, Getptr, Getcnt, Setptrcnt Utilities Implementing PerlIO Layers C implementations, Perl implementations Core Layers "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8" Extension Layers ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via" TODO

perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION 1. USESTDIO, 2. USESFIO, 3. USEPERLIO, PerlIOstdin(), PerlIOstdout(), PerlIOstderr(), PerlIOopen(path, mode), PerlIOfdopen(fd,mode), PerlIOreopen(path,mode,f), PerlIOprintf(f,fmt,...), PerlIOvprintf(f,fmt,a), PerlIOstdoutf(fmt,...), PerlIOread(f,buf,count), PerlIOwrite(f,buf,count), PerlIOclose(f), PerlIOputs(f,s), PerlIOputc(f,c), PerlIOungetc(f,c), PerlIOgetc(f), PerlIOeof(f), PerlIOerror(f), PerlIOfileno(f), PerlIOclearerr(f), PerlIOflush(f), PerlIOseek(f,offset,whence), PerlIOtell(f), PerlIOgetpos(f,p), PerlIOsetpos(f,p), PerlIOrewind(f), PerlIOtmpfile(), PerlIOsetlinebuf(f)

Co-existence with stdio PerlIOimportFILE(f,mode), PerlIOexportFILE(f,mode), PerlIOreleaseFILE(p,f), PerlIOfindFILE(f) "Fast gets" Functions PerlIOfastgets(f), PerlIOhascntptr(f), PerlIOgetcnt(f), PerlIOgetptr(f), PerlIOsetptrcnt(f,p,c), PerlIOcansetcnt(f), PerlIOsetcnt(f,c), PerlIOhasbase(f), PerlIOgetbase(f), PerlIOgetbufsiz(f) Other Functions PerlIOapplylayers(f,mode,layers), PerlIObinmode(f,ptype,imode,layers), '<' read, '>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIOdebug(fmt,...)

perlhack - How to hack on Perl DESCRIPTION SUPER QUICK PATCH GUIDE Check out the source repository, Make your change, Test your change, Commit your change, Send your change to perlbug, Thank you BUG REPORTING PERL 5 PORTERS

perl-changes mailing list

#p5p on IRC GETTING THE PERL SOURCE Read access via Git Read access via the web Read access via rsync Write access via git PATCHING PERL Submitting patches Getting your patch accepted Why, What, How Patching a core module Updating perldelta What makes for a good patch? TESTING t/base and t/comp, t/cmd, t/run, t/io and t/op, Everything else Special "make test" targets testporting, coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8,

minitest.utf16 test.utf16, testharness, test-notty testnotty Parallel tests Running tests by hand Using t/harness for testing

-v, -torture, -re=PATTERN, -re LIST OF PATTERNS, PERLCORE=1, PERLDESTRUCTLEVEL=2, PERL, PERLSKIPTTYTEST, PERLTESTNetPing, PERLTESTNOVREXX, PERLTESTNUMCONVERTS MORE READING FOR GUTS HACKERS perlsource, perlinterp, perlhacktut, perlhacktips, perlguts, perlxstut and perlxs, perlapi, Porting/pumpkin.pod, The

perl5-porters FAQ CPAN TESTERS AND PERL SMOKERS WHAT NEXT? "The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began." Metaphoric Quotations AUTHOR

perlsource - A guide to the Perl source tree DESCRIPTION FINDING YOUR WAY AROUND C code Core modules lib/, ext/, dist/, cpan/ Tests Module tests, t/base/, t/cmd/, t/comp/, t/io/, t/mro/, t/op/, t/re/, t/run/, t/uni/, t/win32/, t/porting/, t/lib/, t/x2p Documentation Hacking tools and documentation check*, Maintainers, Maintainers.pl, and Maintainers.pm, podtidy Build system AUTHORS MANIFEST

perlinterp - An overview of the Perl interpreter DESCRIPTION ELEMENTS OF THE INTERPRETER Startup Parsing Optimization Running Exception handing INTERNAL VARIABLE TYPES OP TREES STACKS Argument stack Mark stack Save stack MILLIONS OF MACROS FURTHER READING

perlhacktut - Walk through the creation of a simple C code patch DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE PATCH Writing the patch Testing the patch Documenting the patch Submit AUTHOR

perlhacktips - Tips for Perl core C code hacking DESCRIPTION COMMON PROBLEMS Perl environment problems Portability problems Problematic System Interfaces Security problems DEBUGGING Poking at Perl

Using a source-level debugger run [args], break functionname, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, finish, 'enter', print gdb macro support Dumping Perl Data Structures SOURCE CODE STATIC ANALYSIS lint, splint Coverity

cpd (cut-and-paste detector) gcc warnings Warnings of other C compilers MEMORY DEBUGGERS Rational Software's Purify

-Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc,

-Dusemultiplicity, DEFINES, USEMULTI = define, #PERLMALLOC = define, CFG = Debug valgrind PROFILING Gprof Profiling

-a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z GCC gcov Profiling MISCELLANEOUS TRICKS PERLDESTRUCTLEVEL PERLMEMLOG DDD over gdb Poison

Read-only optrees The .i Targets AUTHOR

perlpolicy - Various and sundry policies and commitments related to the Perl core DESCRIPTION GOVERNANCE Perl 5 Porters MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT BACKWARD COMPATIBILITY AND DEPRECATION Terminology experimental, deprecated, discouraged, removed MAINTENANCE BRANCHES Getting changes into a maint branch CONTRIBUTED MODULES A Social Contract about Artistic Control DOCUMENTATION CREDITS

perlgit - Detailed information about git and the Perl repository DESCRIPTION CLONING THE REPOSITORY WORKING WITH THE REPOSITORY Finding out your status Patch workflow Committing your changes Using git to send patch emails A note on derived files Cleaning a working directory Bisecting Topic branches and rewriting history Grafts WRITE ACCESS TO THE GIT REPOSITORY Accepting a patch Committing to blead Committing to maintenance versions Merging from a branch via GitHub A note on camel and dromedary

perlbook - Books about and related to Perl DESCRIPTION The most popular books Programming Perl (the "Camel Book"):, The Perl Cookbook (the "Ram Book"):, Learning Perl (the "Llama Book"), Intermediate Perl (the "Alpaca Book") References Perl 5 Pocket Reference, Perl Debugger Pocket Reference, Regular Expression Pocket Reference Tutorials Beginning Perl, Learning Perl, Intermediate Perl (the "Alpaca Book"), Mastering Perl, Effective Perl Programming

Task-Oriented Writing Perl Modules for CPAN, The Perl Cookbook, Automating System Administration with Perl, Real World SQL Server Administration with Perl Special Topics Regular Expressions Cookbook, Programming the Perl DBI, Perl

Best Practices, Higher-Order Perl, Mastering Regular Expressions, Network Programming with Perl, Perl Template Toolkit, Object Oriented Perl, Data Munging with Perl, Mastering Perl/Tk, Extending and Embedding Perl, Pro Perl Debugging Free (as in beer) books

Other interesting, non-Perl books Programming Pearls, More Programming Pearls A note on freshness Get your book listed

perlcommunity - a brief overview of the Perl community DESCRIPTION Where to Find the Community Mailing Lists and Newsgroups IRC Websites , , User Groups Workshops Hackathons Conventions Calendar of Perl Events AUTHOR

perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS

-h, -D, -t, -u, -m module, -l, -F, -f perlfunc, -q perlfaq-search-

regexp, -v perlvar, -T, -d destination-filename, -o output-

formatname, -M module-name, -w option:value or -w option, -X, -L

languagecode, PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName|URL, -n some-

formatter, -r, -i, -V SECURITY ENVIRONMENT CHANGES SEE ALSO AUTHOR

perlhist - the Perl history records DESCRIPTION INTRODUCTION THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN PUMPKIN? THE RECORDS SELECTED RELEASE SIZES SELECTED PATCH SIZES THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS

perldelta - what is new for perl v5.16.3 DESCRIPTION Core Enhancements Security

CVE-2013-1667: memory exhaustion with arbitrary hash keys

wrap-around with IO on long strings memory leak in Encode Incompatible Changes Deprecations Modules and Pragmata Updated Modules and Pragmata Known Problems Acknowledgements Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl5163delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.16.3 DESCRIPTION Core Enhancements Security

CVE-2013-1667: memory exhaustion with arbitrary hash keys

wrap-around with IO on long strings memory leak in Encode Incompatible Changes Deprecations Modules and Pragmata Updated Modules and Pragmata Known Problems Acknowledgements Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl5162delta - what is new for perl v5.16.2 DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Modules and Pragmata Updated Modules and Pragmata Configuration and Compilation configuration should no longer be confused by ls colorization Platform Support

Platform-Specific Notes AIX Selected Bug Fixes fix /\h/ equivalence with /[\h]/ Known Problems Acknowledgements Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl5161delta - what is new for perl v5.16.1 DESCRIPTION Security

an off-by-two error in Scalar-List-Util has been fixed Incompatible Changes Modules and Pragmata Updated Modules and Pragmata Configuration and Compilation Platform Support

Platform-Specific Notes VMS Selected Bug Fixes Known Problems Acknowledgements Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl5160delta - what is new for perl v5.16.0 DESCRIPTION Notice Core Enhancements "use VERSION" "SUB"

New and Improved Built-ins Unicode Support XS Changes Changes to Special Variables Debugger Changes The "CORE" Namespace Other Changes Security Use "isutf8charbuf()" and not "isutf8char()"

Malformed UTF-8 input could cause attempts to read beyond the end of the buffer "File::Glob::bsdglob()" memory error with GLOBALTDIRFUNC

(CVE-2011-2728).

Privileges are now set correctly when assigning to $( Deprecations Don't read the Unicode data base files in lib/unicore XS functions "isutf8char()", "utf8touvchr()" and "utf8touvuni()" Future Deprecations Core Modules Platforms with no supporting programmers: Other Future Deprecations Incompatible Changes Special blocks called in void context The "overloading" pragma and regexp objects Two XS typemap Entries removed Unicode 6.1 has incompatibilities with Unicode 6.0 Borland compiler Certain deprecated Unicode properties are no longer supported by default Dereferencing IO thingies as typeglobs

User-defined case-changing operations XSUBs are now 'static'

Weakening read-only references Tying scalars that hold typeglobs IPC::Open3 no longer provides "xfork()", "xcloseonexec()" and "xpipeanon()"

$$ no longer caches PID

$$ and "getppid()" no longer emulate POSIX semantics under LinuxThreads

$<, $>, $( and $) are no longer cached

Which Non-ASCII characters get quoted by "quotemeta" and "\Q" has changed Performance Enhancements Modules and Pragmata Deprecated Modules Version::Requirements New Modules and Pragmata Updated Modules and Pragmata Removed Modules and Pragmata Documentation New Documentation Changes to Existing Documentation Removed Documentation Diagnostics New Diagnostics Removed Errors Changes to Existing Diagnostics Utility Changes Configuration and Compilation Platform Support

Platform-Specific Notes Internal Changes Selected Bug Fixes Array and hash C API fixes

Compile-time hints

Copy-on-write scalars The debugger Dereferencing operators

Filehandle, last-accessed Filetests and "stat" Formats "given" and "when" The "glob" operator Lvalue subroutines Overloading

Prototypes of built-in keywords Regular expressions Smartmatching The "sort" operator The "substr" operator Support for embedded nulls Threading bugs Tied variables Version objects and vstrings Warnings, redefinition Warnings, "Uninitialized" Weak references Other notable fixes Known Problems Acknowledgements Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl5160delta - what is new for perl v5.16.0 DESCRIPTION Notice Core Enhancements "use VERSION" "SUB"

New and Improved Built-ins Unicode Support XS Changes Changes to Special Variables Debugger Changes The "CORE" Namespace Other Changes Security Use "isutf8charbuf()" and not "isutf8char()"

Malformed UTF-8 input could cause attempts to read beyond the end of the buffer "File::Glob::bsdglob()" memory error with GLOBALTDIRFUNC

(CVE-2011-2728).

User-defined case-changing operations XSUBs are now 'static'

Weakening read-only references Tying scalars that hold typeglobs IPC::Open3 no longer provides "xfork()", "xcloseonexec()" and "xpipeanon()"

$$ no longer caches PID

$$ and "getppid()" no longer emulate POSIX semantics under LinuxThreads

$<, $>, $( and $) are no longer cached

Platform-Specific Notes Internal Changes Selected Bug Fixes Array and hash C API fixes

Compile-time hints

Copy-on-write scalars The debugger Dereferencing operators

Filehandle, last-accessed Filetests and "stat" Formats "given" and "when" The "glob" operator Lvalue subroutines Overloading

perl5143delta - what is new for perl v5.14.3 DESCRIPTION Core Enhancements Security

"Digest" unsafe use of eval (CVE-2011-3597)

Heap buffer overrun in 'x' string repeat operator (CVE-2012-5195) Incompatible Changes Deprecations Modules and Pragmata New Modules and Pragmata Updated Modules and Pragmata Removed Modules and Pragmata Documentation New Documentation Changes to Existing Documentation Configuration and Compilation Platform Support New Platforms Discontinued Platforms

Platform-Specific Notes

FreeBSD, Solaris and NetBSD, HP-UX, Linux, Mac OS X, GNU/Hurd, NetBSD Bug Fixes Acknowledgements Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl5142delta - what is new for perl v5.14.2 DESCRIPTION Core Enhancements Security "File::Glob::bsdglob()" memory error with GLOBALTDIRFUNC

(CVE-2011-2728).

"Encode" decodexs n-byte heap-overflow (CVE-2011-2939) Incompatible Changes Deprecations Modules and Pragmata New Modules and Pragmata Updated Modules and Pragmata Removed Modules and Pragmata Platform Support New Platforms Discontinued Platforms

Platform-Specific Notes

HP-UX PA-RISC/64 now supports gcc-4.x, Building on OS X 10.7 Lion and Xcode 4 works again Bug Fixes Known Problems Acknowledgements Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl5141delta - what is new for perl v5.14.1 DESCRIPTION Core Enhancements Security Incompatible Changes Deprecations Modules and Pragmata New Modules and Pragmata Updated Modules and Pragmata Removed Modules and Pragmata Documentation New Documentation Changes to Existing Documentation Diagnostics New Diagnostics Changes to Existing Diagnostics Utility Changes Configuration and Compilation Testing Platform Support New Platforms Discontinued Platforms

Platform-Specific Notes Internal Changes Bug Fixes Acknowledgements Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl5140delta - what is new for perl v5.14.0 DESCRIPTION Notice Core Enhancements Unicode Regular Expressions Syntactical Enhancements Exception Handling Other Enhancements

"-d:-foo", "-d:-foo=bar" New C APIs Security

User-defined regular expression properties Incompatible Changes Regular Expressions and String Escapes Stashes and Package Variables Changes to Syntax or to Perl Operators Threads and Processes Configuration Deprecations Omitting a space between a regular expression and subsequent word "\cX" "\b{" and "\B{"

Perl 4-era .pl libraries

List assignment to $[ Use of qw(...) as parentheses "\N{BELL}" "?PATTERN?" Tie functions on scalars holding typeglobs

User-defined case-mapping Deprecated modules Devel::DProf Performance Enhancements "Safe signals" optimisation Optimisation of shift() and pop() calls without arguments Optimisation of regexp engine string comparison work

Regular expression compilation speed-up String appending is 100 times faster Eliminate "PL*" accessor functions under ithreads Freeing weak references Lexical array and hash assignments @ uses less memory Size optimisations to SV and HV structures Memory consumption improvements to Exporter Memory savings for weak references

"%+" and "%-" use less memory Multiple small improvements to threads Adjacent pairs of nextstate opcodes are now optimized away Modules and Pragmata New Modules and Pragmata Updated Modules and Pragma much less configuration dialog hassle, support for META/MYMETA.json, support for local::lib, support for HTTP::Tiny to reduce the dependency on FTP sites, automatic mirror selection, iron out all known bugs in configurerequires, support for distributions compressed with bzip2(1), allow Foo/Bar.pm on the command line to mean "Foo::Bar", charinfo(), charscript(), charblock() Removed Modules and Pragmata Documentation New Documentation Changes to Existing Documentation Diagnostics New Diagnostics

Closure prototype called, Insecure user-defined property %s,

panic: gpfree failed to free glob pointer - something is

repeatedly re-creating entries, Parsing code internal error

(%s), refcnt: fd %d%s, Regexp modifier "/%c" may not appear

twice, Regexp modifiers "/%c" and "/%c" are mutually exclusive,

Using !~ with %s doesn't make sense, "\b{" is deprecated; use "\b\{" instead, "\B{" is deprecated; use "\B\{" instead,

Operation "%s" returns its argument for .., Use of qw(...) as parentheses is deprecated Changes to Existing Diagnostics Utility Changes Configuration and Compilation Platform Support New Platforms AIX Discontinued Platforms Apollo DomainOS, MacOS Classic

Platform-Specific Notes Internal Changes New APIs C API Changes Deprecated C APIs "Perlptrtableclear", "svcompile2op", "findrundefsvoffset", "CALLFPTR" and "CPERLscope" Other Internal Changes Selected Bug Fixes I/O Regular Expression Bug Fixes Syntax/Parsing Bugs Stashes, Globs and Method Lookup

Aliasing packages by assigning to globs [perl #77358], Deleting packages by deleting their containing stash elements, Undefining the glob containing a package ("undef *Foo::"), Undefining an ISA glob ("undef *Foo::ISA"), Deleting an ISA

stash element ("delete $Foo::{ISA}"), Sharing @ISA arrays between classes (via "*Foo::ISA = \@Bar::ISA" or "*Foo::ISA =

*Bar::ISA") [perl #77238] Unicode Ties, Overloading and Other Magic The Debugger Threads Scoping and Subroutines Signals Miscellaneous Memory Leaks Memory Corruption and Crashes Fixes to Various Perl Operators Bugs Relating to the C API Known Problems Errata keys(), values(), and each() work on arrays split() and @ Obituary Acknowledgements Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl5124delta - what is new for perl v5.12.4 DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Selected Bug Fixes Modules and Pragmata Testing Documentation Platform Specific Notes Linux Acknowledgements Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl5123delta - what is new for perl v5.12.3 DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements "keys", "values" work on arrays Bug Fixes Platform Specific Notes Solaris, VMS, VOS Acknowledgements Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl5122delta - what is new for perl v5.12.2 DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements Modules and Pragmata New Modules and Pragmata Pragmata Changes Updated Modules "Carp", "CPANPLUS", "File::Glob", "File::Copy", "File::Spec" Utility Changes Changes to Existing Documentation Installation and Configuration Improvements Configuration improvements Compilation improvements Selected Bug Fixes Platform Specific Notes AIX Windows VMS Acknowledgements Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl5121delta - what is new for perl v5.12.1 DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements Modules and Pragmata Pragmata Changes Updated Modules Changes to Existing Documentation Testing Testing Improvements Installation and Configuration Improvements Configuration improvements Bug Fixes Platform Specific Notes

HP-UX AIX FreeBSD 7 VMS Known Problems Acknowledgements Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl5120delta - what is new for perl v5.12.0 DESCRIPTION Core Enhancements New "package NAME VERSION" syntax The "..." operator Implicit strictures Unicode improvements Y2038 compliance qr overloading Pluggable keywords APIs for more internals Overridable function lookup A proper interface for pluggable Method Resolution Orders "\N" experimental regex escape DTrace support Support for "configurerequires" in CPAN module metadata "each", "keys", "values" are now more flexible "when" as a statement modifier

$, flexibility // in when clauses Enabling warnings from your shell environment "delete local" New support for Abstract namespace sockets

32-bit limit on substr arguments removed Potentially Incompatible Changes Deprecations warn by default Version number formats @INC reorganization REGEXPs are now first class Switch statement changes

flip-flop operators, defined-or operator Smart match changes Other potentially incompatible changes Deprecations suidperl, Use of ":=" to mean an empty attribute list,

"UNIVERSAL->import()", Use of "goto" to jump into a construct, Custom character names in \N{name} that don't look like names, Deprecated Modules, Class::ISA, Pod::Plainer, Shell, Switch,

Assignment to $[, Use of the attribute :locked on subroutines, Use of "locked" with the attributes pragma, Use of "unique" with the

attributes pragma, Perlpmflag, Numerous Perl 4-era libraries Unicode overhaul Modules and Pragmata New Modules and Pragmata "autodie", "Compress::Raw::Bzip2", "overloading", "parent", "Parse::CPAN::Meta", "VMS::DCLsym", "VMS::Stdio", "XS::APItest::KeywordRPN" Updated Pragmata "base", "bignum", "charnames", "constant", "diagnostics", "feature", "less", "lib", "mro", "overload", "threads", "threads::shared", "version", "warnings" Updated Modules "Archive::Extract", "Archive::Tar", "Attribute::Handlers", "AutoLoader", "B::Concise", "B::Debug", "B::Deparse", "B::Lint", "CGI", "Class::ISA", "Compress::Raw::Zlib", "CPAN", "CPANPLUS", "CPANPLUS::Dist::Build", "Data::Dumper", "DBFile", "Devel::PPPort", "Digest", "Digest::MD5", "Digest::SHA", "Encode", "Exporter", "ExtUtils::CBuilder", "ExtUtils::Command", "ExtUtils::Constant", "ExtUtils::Install", "ExtUtils::MakeMaker", "ExtUtils::Manifest", "ExtUtils::ParseXS", "File::Fetch", "File::Path", "File::Temp", "Filter::Simple", "Filter::Util::Call", "Getopt::Long", "IO", "IO::Zlib", "IPC::Cmd", "IPC::SysV", "Locale::Maketext", "Locale::Maketext::Simple", "Log::Message", "Log::Message::Simple", "Math::BigInt", "Math::BigInt::FastCalc", "Math::BigRat", "Math::Complex", "Memoize", "MIME::Base64", "Module::Build", "Module::CoreList", "Module::Load", "Module::Load::Conditional", "Module::Loaded", "Module::Pluggable", "Net::Ping", "NEXT", "Object::Accessor", "Package::Constants", "PerlIO", "Pod::Parser", "Pod::Perldoc", "Pod::Plainer", "Pod::Simple", "Safe", "SelfLoader", "Storable", "Switch", "Sys::Syslog", "Term::ANSIColor", "Term::UI", "Test", "Test::Harness", "Test::Simple", "Text::Balanced", "Text::ParseWords", "Text::Soundex", "Thread::Queue", "Thread::Semaphore", "Tie::RefHash", "Time::HiRes", "Time::Local", "Time::Piece", "Unicode::Collate", "Unicode::Normalize", "Win32", "Win32API::File", "XSLoader" Removed Modules and Pragmata "attrs", "CPAN::API::HOWTO", "CPAN::DeferedCode", "CPANPLUS::inc", "DCLsym", "ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes", "ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish", "Stdio", "Test::Harness::Assert", "Test::Harness::Iterator", "Test::Harness::Point", "Test::Harness::Results", "Test::Harness::Straps", "Test::Harness::Util", "XSSymSet" Deprecated Modules and Pragmata Documentation New Documentation Changes to Existing Documentation Selected Performance Enhancements Installation and Configuration Improvements Internal Changes Testing Testing improvements Parallel tests, Test harness flexibility, Test watchdog New Tests New or Changed Diagnostics New Diagnostics Changed Diagnostics

"Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s", "Prototype after

'%c' for %s : %s" Utility Changes Selected Bug Fixes Platform Specific Changes New Platforms Haiku, MirOS BSD Discontinued Platforms Domain/OS, MiNT, Tenon MachTen Updated Platforms AIX, Cygwin, Darwin (Mac OS X), DragonFly BSD, FreeBSD, Irix, NetBSD, OpenVMS, Stratus VOS, Symbian, Windows Known Problems Errata Acknowledgements Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl5101delta - what is new for perl v5.10.1 DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Switch statement changes

flip-flop operators, defined-or operator Smart match changes Other incompatible changes Core Enhancements Unicode Character Database 5.1.0 A proper interface for pluggable Method Resolution Orders The "overloading" pragma Parallel tests DTrace support Support for "configurerequires" in CPAN module metadata Modules and Pragmata New Modules and Pragmata "autodie", "Compress::Raw::Bzip2", "parent", "Parse::CPAN::Meta" Pragmata Changes "attributes", "attrs", "base", "bigint", "bignum", "bigrat", "charnames", "constant", "feature", "fields", "lib", "open", "overload", "overloading", "version" Updated Modules "Archive::Extract", "Archive::Tar", "Attribute::Handlers", "AutoLoader", "AutoSplit", "B", "B::Debug", "B::Deparse", "B::Lint", "B::Xref", "Benchmark", "Carp", "CGI", "Compress::Zlib", "CPAN", "CPANPLUS", "CPANPLUS::Dist::Build", "Cwd", "Data::Dumper", "DB", "DBFile", "Devel::PPPort", "Digest::MD5", "Digest::SHA", "DirHandle", "Dumpvalue", "DynaLoader", "Encode", "Errno", "Exporter", "ExtUtils::CBuilder", "ExtUtils::Command", "ExtUtils::Constant", "ExtUtils::Embed", "ExtUtils::Install", "ExtUtils::MakeMaker", "ExtUtils::Manifest", "ExtUtils::ParseXS", "Fatal", "File::Basename", "File::Compare", "File::Copy", "File::Fetch", "File::Find", "File::Path", "File::Spec", "File::stat", "File::Temp", "FileCache", "FileHandle", "Filter::Simple", "Filter::Util::Call", "FindBin", "GDBMFile", "Getopt::Long", "Hash::Util::FieldHash", "I18N::Collate", "IO", "IO::Compress::*", "IO::Dir", "IO::Handle", "IO::Socket", "IO::Zlib", "IPC::Cmd", "IPC::Open3", "IPC::SysV", "lib", "List::Util", "Locale::MakeText", "Log::Message", "Math::BigFloat", "Math::BigInt", "Math::BigInt::FastCalc", "Math::BigRat", "Math::Complex", "Math::Trig", "Memoize", "Module::Build", "Module::CoreList", "Module::Load", "Module::Load::Conditional", "Module::Loaded", "Module::Pluggable", "NDBMFile", "Net::Ping", "NEXT", "Object::Accessor", "OS2::REXX", "Package::Constants", "PerlIO", "PerlIO::via", "Pod::Man", "Pod::Parser", "Pod::Simple", "Pod::Text", "POSIX", "Safe", "Scalar::Util", "SelectSaver", "SelfLoader", "Socket", "Storable", "Switch", "Symbol", "Sys::Syslog", "Term::ANSIColor", "Term::ReadLine", "Term::UI", "Test::Harness", "Test::Simple", "Text::ParseWords", "Text::Tabs", "Text::Wrap", "Thread::Queue", "Thread::Semaphore", "threads", "threads::shared", "Tie::RefHash", "Tie::StdHandle", "Time::HiRes", "Time::Local", "Time::Piece", "Unicode::Normalize", "Unicode::UCD", "UNIVERSAL", "Win32", "Win32API::File", "XSLoader" Utility Changes h2ph, h2xs, perl5db.pl, perlthanks New Documentation perlhaiku, perlmroapi, perlperf, perlrepository, perlthanks Changes to Existing Documentation Performance Enhancements Installation and Configuration Improvements ext/ reorganisation Configuration improvements Compilation improvements Platform Specific Changes AIX, Cygwin, FreeBSD, Irix, Haiku, MirOS BSD, NetBSD, Stratus VOS, Symbian, Win32, VMS Selected Bug Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics

"panic: svchop %s", "Can't locate package %s for the parents of

%s", "v-string in use/require is non-portable", "Deep recursion on

subroutine "%s"" Changed Internals "SVfUTF8", "SVsTEMP" New Tests t/comp/retainedlines.t, t/io/perliofail.t, t/io/perlioleaks.t, t/io/perlioopen.t, t/io/perlio.t, t/io/pvbm.t, t/mro/packagealiases.t, t/op/dbm.t, t/op/indexthr.t, t/op/patthr.t, t/op/qrgc.t, t/op/regemailthr.t, t/op/regexpqrembedthr.t, t/op/regexpunicodeprop.t, t/op/regexpunicodepropthr.t, t/op/regnctie.t, t/op/regposixcc.t, t/op/re.t, t/op/setpgrpstack.t, t/op/substrthr.t, t/op/upgrade.t, t/uni/lexutf8.t, t/uni/tie.t Known Problems Deprecations Acknowledgements Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl5100delta - what is new for perl 5.10.0 DESCRIPTION Core Enhancements The "feature" pragma

New -E command-line switch

Defined-or operator Switch and Smart Match operator Regular expressions Recursive Patterns, Named Capture Buffers, Possessive Quantifiers, Backtracking control verbs, Relative backreferences, "\K" escape, Vertical and horizontal whitespace, and linebreak "say()"

Lexical $ The "" prototype UNITCHECK blocks New Pragma, "mro" readdir() may return a "short filename" on Windows readpipe() is now overridable Default argument for readline() state() variables Stacked filetest operators UNIVERSAL::DOES() Formats

Byte-order modifiers for pack() and unpack() "no VERSION" "chdir", "chmod" and "chown" on filehandles OS groups Recursive sort subs Exceptions in constant folding Source filters in @INC New internal variables

"${^REDEBUGFLAGS}", "${^CHILDERRORNATIVE}",

"${^RETRIEMAXBUF}", "${^WIN32SLOPPYSTAT}" Miscellaneous UCD 5.0.0 MAD kill() on Windows Incompatible Changes

Packing and UTF-8 strings Byte/character count feature in unpack()

The $* and $# variables have been removed

substr() lvalues are no longer fixed-length

Parsing of "-f " ":unique" Effect of pragmas in eval chdir FOO Handling of .pmc files

$^V is now a "version" object instead of a v-string

@- and @+ in patterns

$AUTOLOAD can now be tainted Tainting and printf undef and signal handlers strictures and dereferencing in defined() "(?p{})" has been removed

Pseudo-hashes have been removed Removal of the bytecode compiler and of perlcc Removal of the JPL Recursive inheritance detected earlier warnings::enabled and warnings::warnif changed to favor users of modules Modules and Pragmata Upgrading individual core modules Pragmata Changes "feature", "mro", Scoping of the "sort" pragma, Scoping of "bignum", "bigint", "bigrat", "base", "strict" and "warnings", "version", "warnings", "less" New modules Selected Changes to Core Modules "Attribute::Handlers", "B::Lint", "B", "Thread" Utility Changes

perl -d, ptar, ptardiff, shasum, corelist, h2ph and h2xs, perlivp, find2perl, configdata, cpanp, cpan2dist, pod2html New Documentation Performance Enhancements

In-place sorting Lexical array access

XS-assisted SWASHGET Constant subroutines "PERLDONTCREATEGVSV" Weak references are cheaper sort() enhancements Memory optimisations

UTF-8 cache optimisation Sloppy stat on Windows Regular expressions optimisations

Engine de-recursivised, Single char char-classes treated as literals, Trie optimisation of literal string alternations,

Aho-Corasick start-point optimisation Installation and Configuration Improvements Configuration improvements

"-Dusesitecustomize", Relocatable installations, strlcat() and strlcpy(), "dpseudofork" and "dprintfformatnull", Configure help Compilation improvements Parallel build, Borland's compilers support, Static build on Windows, ppport.h files, C++ compatibility, Support for

Microsoft 64-bit compiler, Visual C++, Win32 builds Installation improvements Module auxiliary files New Or Improved Platforms Selected Bug Fixes

strictures in regexp-eval blocks, Calling CORE::require(), Subscripts of slices, "no warnings 'category'" works correctly with

-w, threads improvements, chr() and negative values, PERL5SHELL and tainting, Using *FILE{IO}, Overloading and reblessing, Overloading

and UTF-8, eval memory leaks fixed, Random device on Windows,

PERLIODEBUG, PerlIO::scalar and read-only scalars, study() and

UTF-8, Critical signals, @INC-hook fix, "-t" switch fix, Duping

UTF-8 filehandles, Localisation of hash elements New or Changed Diagnostics Use of uninitialized value, Deprecated use of my() in false

conditional, !=~ should be !~, Newline in left-justified string,

Too late for "-T" option, "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration, readdir()/closedir()/etc. attempted on invalid

dirhandle, Opening dirhandle/filehandle %s also as a

file/directory, Use of -P is deprecated, v-string in use/require is

non-portable, perl -V Changed Internals Reordering of SVt* constants Elimination of SVtPVBM New type SVtBIND Removal of CPP symbols Less space is used by ops New parser Use of "const" Mathoms "AvFLAGS" has been removed "av*" changes

$^H and %^H B:: modules inheritance changed Anonymous hash and array constructors Known Problems

UTF-8 problems Platform Specific Problems Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl589delta - what is new for perl v5.8.9 DESCRIPTION Notice Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements Unicode Character Database 5.1.0.

stat and -X on directory handles Source filters in @INC Exceptions in constant folding "no VERSION"

Improved internal UTF-8 caching code Runtime relocatable installations New internal variables

"${^CHILDERRORNATIVE}", "${^UTF8CACHE}" "readpipe" is now overridable simple exception handling macros

-D option enhancements

XS-assisted SWASHGET Constant subroutines New Platforms Modules and Pragmata New Modules Updated Modules Utility Changes debugger upgraded to version 1.31 perlthanks perlbug h2xs h2ph New Documentation Changes to Existing Documentation Performance Enhancements Installation and Configuration Improvements Relocatable installations Configuration improvements Compilation improvements Installation improvements. Platform Specific Changes Selected Bug Fixes Unicode PerlIO Magic Reblessing overloaded objects now works "strict" now propagates correctly into string evals Other fixes Platform Specific Fixes Smaller fixes New or Changed Diagnostics

panic: svchop %s

Maximal count of pending signals (%s) exceeded

panic: attempt to call %s in %s FETCHSIZE returned a negative value

Can't upgrade %s (%d) to %d

%s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or a subroutine

Cannot make the non-overridable builtin %s fatal

Unrecognized character '%s' in column %d Offset outside string Invalid escape in the specified encoding in regexp; marked by <

HERE in m/%s/ Your machine doesn't support dump/undump. Changed Internals Macro cleanups New Tests ext/DynaLoader/t/DynaLoader.t, t/comp/fold.t, t/io/pvbm.t, t/lib/proxyconstantsubs.t, t/op/attrhand.t, t/op/dbm.t,

t/op/inccode-tie.t, t/op/incfilter.t, t/op/kill0.t, t/op/qrstack.t, t/op/qr.t, t/op/regexpqrembed.t, t/op/regexpqr.t, t/op/rxcode.t, t/op/studytied.t, t/op/substT.t, t/op/symbolcache.t, t/op/upgrade.t, t/mro/packagealiases.t, t/pod/twice.t, t/run/cloexec.t, t/uni/cache.t, t/uni/chr.t, t/uni/greek.t, t/uni/latin2.t, t/uni/overload.t, t/uni/tie.t Known Problems Platform Specific Notes Win32 OS/2 VMS Obituary Acknowledgements Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl588delta - what is new for perl v5.8.8 DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements Modules and Pragmata Utility Changes "h2xs" enhancements "perlivp" enhancements New Documentation Performance Enhancements Installation and Configuration Improvements Selected Bug Fixes

no warnings 'category' works correctly with -w

Remove over-optimisation sprintf() fixes Debugger and Unicode slowdown Smaller fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Attempt to set length of freed array

Non-string passed as bitmask Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search pattern Changed Internals Platform Specific Problems Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl587delta - what is new for perl v5.8.7 DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements Unicode Character Database 4.1.0 suidperl less insecure Optional site customization script "Config.pm" is now much smaller. Modules and Pragmata Utility Changes find2perl enhancements Performance Enhancements Installation and Configuration Improvements Selected Bug Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed Internals Known Problems Platform Specific Problems Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl586delta - what is new for perl v5.8.6 DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements Modules and Pragmata Utility Changes Performance Enhancements Selected Bug Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed Internals New Tests Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl585delta - what is new for perl v5.8.5 DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements Modules and Pragmata Utility Changes Perl's debugger h2ph Installation and Configuration Improvements Selected Bug Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed Internals Known Problems Platform Specific Problems Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl584delta - what is new for perl v5.8.4 DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements Malloc wrapping Unicode Character Database 4.0.1 suidperl less insecure format Modules and Pragmata Updated modules Attribute::Handlers, B, Benchmark, CGI, Carp, Cwd, Exporter, File::Find, IO, IPC::Open3, Local::Maketext, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigRat, MIME::Base64, ODBMFile, POSIX, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Time::HiRes, Unicode::UCD, Win32, base, open, threads, utf8 Performance Enhancements Utility Changes Installation and Configuration Improvements Selected Bug Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed Internals Future Directions Platform Specific Problems Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl583delta - what is new for perl v5.8.3 DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements Modules and Pragmata CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin, List::Util, Math::BigInt, PodParser, Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared Utility Changes New Documentation Installation and Configuration Improvements Selected Bug Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed Internals Configuration and Building Platform Specific Problems Known Problems Future Directions Obituary Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl582delta - what is new for perl v5.8.2 DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements Hash Randomisation Threading Modules and Pragmata Updated Modules And Pragmata Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, I18N::LangTags, libnet, MIME::Base64, Pod::Perldoc, strict, Tie::Hash, Time::HiRes, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, UNIVERSAL Selected Bug Fixes Changed Internals Platform Specific Problems Future Directions Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl581delta - what is new for perl v5.8.1 DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Hash Randomisation

UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale

Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"

(Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe Core Enhancements

UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales Unsafe signals again available Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices

local ${$x} Unicode Character Database 4.0.0 Deprecation Warnings Miscellaneous Enhancements Modules and Pragmata Updated Modules And Pragmata base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes, CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DBFile, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping, PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc, Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More, Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath, Win32::GetOSVersion Utility Changes New Documentation Installation and Configuration Improvements

Platform-specific enhancements Selected Bug Fixes Closures, eval and lexicals Generic fixes

Platform-specific fixes New or Changed Diagnostics

Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running" Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash" New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"

Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator" New "Missing control char name in \c"

New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"

New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"

New "Pseudo-hashes are deprecated"

New "read() on %s filehandle %s" New "5.005 threads are deprecated" New "Tied variable freed while still in use"

New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'" New "Use of freed value in iteration" Changed Internals New Tests Known Problems Tied hashes in scalar context Net::Ping 450service and 510pingudp failures B::C Platform Specific Problems EBCDIC Platforms Cygwin 1.5 problems

HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath IRIX: t/uni/tr7jis.t falsely failing Mac OS X: no usemymalloc Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc) Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite Future Directions Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO

perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0 DESCRIPTION Highlights In 5.8.0 Incompatible Changes Binary Incompatibility

64-bit platforms and malloc AIX Dynaloading

Attributes for "my" variables now handled at run-time Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS

IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha New Unicode Semantics (no more "use utf8", almost) New Unicode Properties REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...) pack/unpack D/F recycled glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order Deprecations Core Enhancements Unicode Overhaul PerlIO is Now The Default ithreads Restricted Hashes Safe Signals Understanding of Numbers

Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561] Miscellaneous Changes Modules and Pragmata New Modules and Pragmata Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata Utility Changes New Documentation Performance Enhancements Installation and Configuration Improvements Generic Improvements New Or Improved Platforms Selected Bug Fixes Platform Specific Changes and Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed Internals Security Vulnerability Closed [561] New Tests Known Problems The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles

Modifying $ Inside for(..) modperl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl

lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'

libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51 PDL failing some tests Perlgetsv

Self-tying Problems ext/threads/t/libc

Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests Timing problems Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work Platform Specific Problems AIX Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests AmigaOS BeOS Cygwin "unable to remap" Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT DJGPP Failures FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories

FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5

HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured

Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 Mac OS X Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols OS/2 Test Failures op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130 SCO Solaris 2.5

Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint

SUPER-UX (NEC SX) Term::ReadKey not working on Win32 UNICOS/mk UTS VOS (Stratus) VMS Win32 XML::Parser not working z/OS (OS/390) Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO HISTORY

perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.1 DESCRIPTION Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1 Security Issues Core bug fixes "UNIVERSAL::isa()", Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(), Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and errors, glob(),

Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,

map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support, Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, "no Module;", Tests Core features Configuration issues Documentation Bundled modules B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN, Class::Struct, DBFile, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser, Pod::Text, SDBMFile, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash

Platform-specific improvements

NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX Core Enhancements Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency Lexically scoped warning categories

Unicode and UTF-8 support Support for interpolating named characters "our" declarations Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals Improved Perl version numbering system New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes File and directory handles can be autovivified open() with more than two arguments

64-bit support Large file support Long doubles "more bits" Enhanced support for sort() subroutines

"sort $coderef @foo" allowed File globbing implemented internally Support for CHECK blocks POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported

Better pseudo-random number generator Improved "qw//" operator

Better worst-case behavior of hashes pack() format 'Z' supported pack() format modifier '!' supported pack() and unpack() support counted strings Comments in pack() templates Weak references Binary numbers supported Lvalue subroutines Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues exists() is supported on subroutine names exists() and delete() are supported on array elements

Pseudo-hashes work better Automatic flushing of output buffers Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle eof() has the same old magic as <> binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes

"-T" filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure Improved diagnostics Diagnostics follow STDERR

More consistent close-on-exec behavior

syswrite() ease-of-use Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators Bit operators support full native integer width Improved security features More functional bareword prototype (*) "require" and "do" may be overridden

$^X variables may now have names longer than one character

New variable $^C reflects "-c" switch

New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string Optional Y2K warnings

Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings

@- and @+ provide starting/ending offsets of regex submatches Modules and Pragmata Modules attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DBFile, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBMFile, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters Pragmata Utility Changes dprofpp find2perl h2xs perlcc perldoc The Perl Debugger Improved Documentation perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod Performance enhancements

Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized Optimized assignments to lexical variables Faster subroutine calls delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster Installation and Configuration Improvements

-Dusethreads means something different New Configure flags

Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring Long Doubles

-Dusemorebits

-Duselargefiles installusrbinperl SOCKS support

"-A" flag Enhanced Installation Directories gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working Platform specific changes Supported platforms DOS OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) VMS Win32 Significant bug fixes on empty files "eval '...'" improvements All compilation errors are true errors Implicitly closed filehandles are safer Behavior of list slices is more consistent

"(\$)" prototype and $foo{a} "goto &sub" and AUTOLOAD

"-bareword" allowed under "use integer" Failures in DESTROY() Locale bugs fixed Memory leaks Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls

Taint failures under "-U"

END blocks and the "-c" switch Potential to leak DATA filehandles New or Changed Diagnostics

"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not

yet implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only

after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric

type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/:

Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/

should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check

prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument

is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a

subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future

reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number >

0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size >

32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in primeenviter: %s, Can't check

filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in

"%s", Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing

to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read

CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character

class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside

character classes, Constant is not %s reference, constant(%s): %s,

CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,

defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data,

entering effective %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp,

Filehandle %s opened only for output, flock() on closed filehandle

%s, Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal

number > 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value

"%s", Ill-formed message in primeenviter: |%s|, Illegal binary

digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal number of bits

in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: %s,

Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid

separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator

character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s

failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not

permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped

open, Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No package

name allowed for variable %s in "our", No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number

> 037777777777 non-portable, panic: delbackref, panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magickillbackrefs, Parentheses missing around

"%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,

Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take

arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching

effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ

elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s),

Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process

%x sent message to primeenviter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list,

Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number New tests Incompatible Changes Perl Source Incompatibilities CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has

changed, Format of $English::PERLVERSION is different, Literals of the form 1.2.3 parse differently, Possibly changed

pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys

has changed, "undef" fails on read only values, Close-on-exec

bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing "$$1" to

mean "${$}1" is unsupported, delete(), each(), values() and

"\(%h)", vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,

Text of some diagnostic output has changed, "%@" has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype "(*)" have changed, Semantics

of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results C Source Incompatibilities "PERLPOLLUTE", "PERLIMPLICITCONTEXT", "PERLPOLLUTEMALLOC" Compatible C Source API Changes "PATCHLEVEL" is now "PERLVERSION" Binary Incompatibilities Known Problems Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory Known test failures EBCDIC platforms not fully supported UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run Arrow operator and arrays Experimental features

Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak

references, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs: Obsolete Diagnostics Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions,

Ill-formed logical name |%s| in primeenviter, In string, @%s now

must be written as \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp

too big, Use of "$$" to mean "${$}" is deprecated Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO HISTORY

perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0 DESCRIPTION Core Enhancements Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency Lexically scoped warning categories

64-bit support Large file support Long doubles "more bits" Enhanced support for sort() subroutines

"sort $coderef @foo" allowed File globbing implemented internally Support for CHECK blocks POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported

Better pseudo-random number generator Improved "qw//" operator

"-T" filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure Improved diagnostics Diagnostics follow STDERR

More consistent close-on-exec behavior

$^X variables may now have names longer than one character

New variable $^C reflects "-c" switch

New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string Optional Y2K warnings

Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings

@- and @+ provide starting/ending offsets of regex matches Modules and Pragmata Modules attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DBFile, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBMFile, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters Pragmata Utility Changes dprofpp find2perl h2xs perlcc perldoc The Perl Debugger Improved Documentation perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod Performance enhancements

-Dusethreads means something different New Configure flags

Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring Long Doubles

-Dusemorebits

-Duselargefiles installusrbinperl SOCKS support

"-A" flag Enhanced Installation Directories Platform specific changes Supported platforms DOS OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) VMS Win32 Significant bug fixes on empty files "eval '...'" improvements All compilation errors are true errors Implicitly closed filehandles are safer Behavior of list slices is more consistent