NAME
fmemopen, openmemstream, openwmemstream - open memory as stream SYNOPSIS
#include
FILE *fmemopen(void *buf, sizet size, const char *mode); FILE *openmemstream(char **ptr, sizet *sizeloc); #include
FILE *openwmemstream(wchart **ptr, sizet *sizeloc); Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see featuretestmacros(7)): fmemopen(), openmemstream(), openwmemstream(): Since glibc 2.10: XOPENSOURCE >= 700 || POSIXCSOURCE >= 200809L Before glibc 2.10: GNUSOURCE DESCRIPTION The fmemopen() function opens a stream that permits the access speci‐ fied by mode. The stream allows I/O to be performed on the string or memory buffer pointed to by buf. This buffer must be at least size bytes long. The argument mode is the same as for fopen(3). If mode specifies an append mode, then the initial file position is set to the location of the first null byte ('\0') in the buffer; otherwise the initial file position is set to the start of the buffer. Since glibc 2.9, the let‐ ter 'b' may be specified as the second character in mode. This pro‐ vides "binary" mode: writes don't implicitly add a terminating null byte, and fseek(3) SEEKEND is relative to the end of the buffer (i.e., the value specified by the size argument), rather than the current string length. When a stream that has been opened for writing is flushed (fflush(3)) or closed (fclose(3)), a null byte is written at the end of the buffer if there is space. The caller should ensure that an extra byte is available in the buffer (and that size counts that byte) to allow for this. Attempts to write more than size bytes to the buffer result in an error. (By default, such errors will be visible only when the stdio buffer is flushed. Disabling buffering with setbuf(fp, NULL) may be useful to detect errors at the time of an output operation. Alterna‐ tively, the caller can explicitly set buf as the stdio stream buffer, at the same time informing stdio of the buffer's size, using set‐ buffer(fp, buf, size).) In a stream opened for reading, null bytes ('\0') in the buffer do not cause read operations to return an end-of-file indication. A read from
the buffer will only indicate end-of-file when the file pointer advances size bytes past the start of the buffer. If buf is specified as NULL, then fmemopen() dynamically allocates a buffer size bytes long. This is useful for an application that wants to write data to a temporary buffer and then read it back again. The buffer is automatically freed when the stream is closed. Note that the caller has no way to obtain a pointer to the temporary buffer allocated by this call (but see openmemstream() below). The openmemstream() function opens a stream for writing to a buffer. The buffer is dynamically allocated (as with malloc(3)), and automati‐ cally grows as required. After closing the stream, the caller should free(3) this buffer. When the stream is closed (fclose(3)) or flushed (fflush(3)), the loca‐ tions pointed to by ptr and sizeloc are updated to contain, respec‐ tively, a pointer to the buffer and the current size of the buffer. These values remain valid only as long as the caller performs no fur‐ ther output on the stream. If further output is performed, then the stream must again be flushed before trying to access these variables. A null byte is maintained at the end of the buffer. This byte is not included in the size value stored at sizeloc. The stream's file position can be changed with fseek(3) or fseeko(3). Moving the file position past the end of the data already written fills the intervening space with zeros. The openwmemstream() is similar to openmemstream(), but operates on wide characters instead of bytes. RETURN VALUE Upon successful completion fmemopen(), openmemstream() and openwmem‐ stream() return a FILE pointer. Otherwise, NULL is returned and errno is set to indicate the error. VERSIONS fmemopen() and openmemstream() were already available in glibc 1.0.x. openwmemstream() is available since glibc 2.4. CONFORMING TO
POSIX.1-2008. These functions are not specified in POSIX.1-2001, and are not widely available on other systems.
POSIX.1-2008 specifies that 'b' in mode shall be ignored. However,
Technical Corrigendum 1 adjusts the standard to allow implementation- specific treatment for this case, thus permitting the glibc treatment of 'b'. NOTES There is no file descriptor associated with the file stream returned by these functions (i.e., fileno(3) will return an error if called on the returned stream). BUGS In glibc before version 2.7, seeking past the end of a stream created by openmemstream() does not enlarge the buffer; instead the fseek(3)
call fails, returning -1. If size is specified as zero, fmemopen() fails with the error EINVAL. It would be more consistent if this case successfully created a stream that then returned end of file on the first attempt at reading. Fur‐
thermore, POSIX.1-2008 does not specify a failure for this case. Specifying append mode ("a" or "a+") for fmemopen() sets the initial file position to the first null byte, but (if the file offset is reset to a location other than the end of the stream) does not force subse‐ quent writes to append at the end of the stream. If the mode argument to fmemopen() specifies append ("a" or "a+"), and the size argument does not cover a null byte in buf then, according to
POSIX.1-2008, the initial file position should be set to the next byte after the end of the buffer. However, in this case the glibc fmemo‐
pen() sets the file position to -1. To specify binary mode for fmemopen() the 'b' must be the second char‐ acter in mode. Thus, for example, "wb+" has the desired effect, but "w+b" does not. This is inconsistent with the treatment of mode by fopen(3). The glibc 2.9 addition of "binary" mode for fmemopen() silently changed the ABI: previously, fmemopen() ignored 'b' in mode. EXAMPLE The program below uses fmemopen() to open an input buffer, and openmemstream() to open a dynamically sized output buffer. The pro‐
gram scans its input string (taken from the program's first command- line argument) reading integers, and writes the squares of these inte‐ gers to the output buffer. An example of the output produced by this program is the following:
$ ./a.out '1 23 43' size=11; ptr=1 529 1849 Program source
#define GNUSOURCE
#include
#include
#include
#define handleerror(msg) \ do { perror(msg); exit(EXITFAILURE); } while (0) int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { FILE *out, *in; int v, s; sizet size; char *ptr; if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s
\n", argv[0]); exit(EXITFAILURE); } in = fmemopen(argv[1], strlen(argv[1]), "r"); if (in == NULL) handleerror("fmemopen"); out = openmemstream(&ptr, &size); if (out == NULL) handleerror("openmemstream"); for (;;) { s = fscanf(in, "%d", &v); if (s <= 0) break;
s = fprintf(out, "%d ", v * v);
if (s == -1) handleerror("fprintf"); } fclose(in); fclose(out);
printf("size=%ld; ptr=%s\n", (long) size, ptr); free(ptr); exit(EXITSUCCESS); } SEE ALSO fopen(3), fopencookie(3) COLOPHON
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GNU 2012-04-28 FMEMOPEN(3)