NAME
git-http-backend - Server side implementation of Git over HTTP
SYNOPSIS
git http-backend
DESCRIPTION
A simple CGI program to serve the contents of a Git repository to Git
clients accessing the repository over http:// and https:// protocols.
The program supports clients fetching using both the smart HTTP
protocol and the backwards-compatible dumb HTTP protocol, as well as
clients pushing using the smart HTTP protocol.
It verifies that the directory has the magic file
"git-daemon-export-ok", and it will refuse to export any Git directory
that hasn’t explicitly been marked for export this way (unless the
GITHTTPEXPORTALL environmental variable is set).
By default, only the upload-pack service is enabled, which serves git
fetch-pack and git ls-remote clients, which are invoked from git fetch,
git pull, and git clone. If the client is authenticated, the
receive-pack service is enabled, which serves git send-pack clients,
which is invoked from git push.
SERVICES
These services can be enabled/disabled using the per-repository
configuration file:
http.getanyfile
This serves Git clients older than version 1.6.6 that are unable to
use the upload pack service. When enabled, clients are able to read
any file within the repository, including objects that are no
longer reachable from a branch but are still present. It is enabled
by default, but a repository can disable it by setting this
configuration item to false.
http.uploadpack
This serves git fetch-pack and git ls-remote clients. It is enabled
by default, but a repository can disable it by setting this
configuration item to false.
http.receivepack
This serves git send-pack clients, allowing push. It is disabled by
default for anonymous users, and enabled by default for users
authenticated by the web server. It can be disabled by setting this
item to false, or enabled for all users, including anonymous users,
by setting it to true.
URL TRANSLATION
To determine the location of the repository on disk, git http-backend
concatenates the environment variables PATHINFO, which is set
automatically by the web server, and GITPROJECTROOT, which must be
set manually in the web server configuration. If GITPROJECTROOT is
not set, git http-backend reads PATHTRANSLATED, which is also set
automatically by the web server.
EXAMPLES
All of the following examples map http://$hostname/git/foo/bar.git to
/var/www/git/foo/bar.git.
Apache 2.x
Ensure modcgi, modalias, and modenv are enabled, set
GITPROJECTROOT (or DocumentRoot) appropriately, and create a
ScriptAlias to the CGI:
SetEnv GITPROJECTROOT /var/www/git
SetEnv GITHTTPEXPORTALL
ScriptAlias /git/ /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/
To enable anonymous read access but authenticated write access,
require authorization for both the initial ref advertisement (which
we detect as a push via the service parameter in the query string),
and the receive-pack invocation itself:
RewriteCond %{QUERYSTRING} service=git-receive-pack [OR]
RewriteCond %{REQUESTURI} /git-receive-pack$
RewriteRule ^/git/ - [E=AUTHREQUIRED:yes]
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from env=AUTHREQUIRED
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Git Access"
Require group committers
Satisfy Any
...
If you do not have modrewrite available to match against the query
string, it is sufficient to just protect git-receive-pack itself,
like:
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Git Access"
Require group committers
...
In this mode, the server will not request authentication until the
client actually starts the object negotiation phase of the push,
rather than during the initial contact. For this reason, you must
also enable the http.receivepack config option in any repositories
that should accept a push. The default behavior, if
http.receivepack is not set, is to reject any pushes by
unauthenticated users; the initial request will therefore report
403 Forbidden to the client, without even giving an opportunity for
authentication.
To require authentication for both reads and writes, use a Location
directive around the repository, or one of its parent directories:
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Private Git Access"
Require group committers
...
To serve gitweb at the same url, use a ScriptAliasMatch to only
those URLs that git http-backend can handle, and forward the rest
to gitweb:
ScriptAliasMatch \
"(?x)^/git/(.*/(HEAD | \
info/refs | \
objects/(info/[^/]+ | \
[0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38} | \
pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}\.(pack|idx)) | \
git-(upload|receive)-pack))$" \
/usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/$1
ScriptAlias /git/ /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/
To serve multiple repositories from different gitnamespaces(7) in a
single repository:
SetEnvIf RequestURI "^/git/([^/]*)" GITNAMESPACE=$1
ScriptAliasMatch ^/git/[^/]*(.*) /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/storage.git$1
Accelerated static Apache 2.x
Similar to the above, but Apache can be used to return static files
that are stored on disk. On many systems this may be more efficient
as Apache can ask the kernel to copy the file contents from the
file system directly to the network:
SetEnv GITPROJECTROOT /var/www/git
AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/[0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38})$ /var/www/git/$1
AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}.(pack|idx))$ /var/www/git/$1
ScriptAlias /git/ /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/
This can be combined with the gitweb configuration:
SetEnv GITPROJECTROOT /var/www/git
AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/[0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38})$ /var/www/git/$1
AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}.(pack|idx))$ /var/www/git/$1
ScriptAliasMatch \
"(?x)^/git/(.*/(HEAD | \
info/refs | \
objects/info/[^/]+ | \
git-(upload|receive)-pack))$" \
/usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/$1
ScriptAlias /git/ /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/
Lighttpd
Ensure that modcgi, modalias, `modauth, modsetenv are loaded,
then set GITPROJECTROOT appropriately and redirect all requests
to the CGI:
alias.url += ( "/git" => "/usr/lib/git-core/git-http-backend" )
$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git" {
cgi.assign = ("" => "")
setenv.add-environment = (
"GITPROJECTROOT" => "/var/www/git",
"GITHTTPEXPORTALL" => ""
)
}
To enable anonymous read access but authenticated write access:
$HTTP["querystring"] =~ "service=git-receive-pack" {
include "git-auth.conf"
}
$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git/.*/git-receive-pack$" {
include "git-auth.conf"
}
where git-auth.conf looks something like:
auth.require = (
"/" => (
"method" => "basic",
"realm" => "Git Access",
"require" => "valid-user"
)
)
# ...and set up auth.backend here
To require authentication for both reads and writes:
$HTTP["url"] =~ "^/git/private" {
include "git-auth.conf"
}
ENVIRONMENT
git http-backend relies upon the CGI environment variables set by the
invoking web server, including:
· PATHINFO (if GITPROJECTROOT is set, otherwise PATHTRANSLATED)
· REMOTEUSER
· REMOTEADDR
· CONTENTTYPE
· QUERYSTRING
· REQUESTMETHOD
The GITHTTPEXPORTALL environmental variable may be passed to
git-http-backend to bypass the check for the "git-daemon-export-ok"
file in each repository before allowing export of that repository.
The backend process sets GITCOMMITTERNAME to $REMOTEUSER and
GITCOMMITTEREMAIL to ${REMOTEUSER}@http.${REMOTEADDR}, ensuring
that any reflogs created by git-receive-pack contain some identifying
information of the remote user who performed the push.
All CGI environment variables are available to each of the hooks
invoked by the git-receive-pack.
AUTHOR
Written by Shawn O. Pearce .
DOCUMENTATION
Documentation by Shawn O. Pearce .
GIT
Part of the git(1) suite
NOTES
1. spearce@spearce.org
mailto:spearce@spearce.org
Git 1.8.3.1 11/02/2018 GIT-HTTP-BACKEND(1)