NAME
git-commit-tree - Create a new commit object SYNOPSIS
git commit-tree
[(-p )...] < changelog git commit-tree [(-p
)...] [-S[ ]] [(-m )...] [(-F
)...] DESCRIPTION This is usually not what an end user wants to run directly. See git- commit(1) instead. Creates a new commit object based on the provided tree object and emits the new commit object id on stdout. The log message is read from the
standard input, unless -m or -F options are given. A commit object may have any number of parents. With exactly one parent, it is an ordinary commit. Having more than one parent makes the commit a merge between several lines of history. Initial (root) commits have no parents. While a tree represents a particular directory state of a working directory, a commit represents that state in "time", and explains how to get there. Normally a commit would identify a new "HEAD" state, and while Git doesn’t care where you save the note about that state, in practice we tend to just write the result to the file that is pointed at by .git/HEAD, so that we can always see what the last committed state was. OPTIONS
An existing tree object -p
Each -p indicates the id of a parent commit object.
-m
A paragraph in the commit log message. This can be given more than once and each becomes its own paragraph. -F
Read the commit log message from the given file. Use - to read from the standard input.
-S[
] GPG-sign commit. COMMIT INFORMATION A commit encapsulates: · all parent object ids · author name, email and date · committer name and email and the commit time. While parent object ids are provided on the command line, author and committer information is taken from the following environment variables, if set: GITAUTHORNAME GITAUTHOREMAIL GITAUTHORDATE GITCOMMITTERNAME GITCOMMITTEREMAIL GITCOMMITTERDATE (nb "<", ">" and "\n"s are stripped) In case (some of) these environment variables are not set, the information is taken from the configuration items user.name and user.email, or, if not present, the environment variable EMAIL, or, if that is not set, system user name and the hostname used for outgoing mail (taken from /etc/mailname and falling back to the fully qualified hostname when that file does not exist). A commit comment is read from stdin. If a changelog entry is not
provided via "<" redirection, git commit-tree will just wait for one to be entered and terminated with ^D. DATE FORMATS The GITAUTHORDATE, GITCOMMITTERDATE environment variables support the following date formats: Git internal format It is
, where is the number of seconds since the UNIX epoch. is a positive or negative offset from UTC. For example CET (which is 2 hours ahead UTC) is +0200. RFC 2822 The standard email format as described by RFC 2822, for example Thu, 07 Apr 2005 22:13:13 +0200. ISO 8601 Time and date specified by the ISO 8601 standard, for example 2005-04-07T22:13:13. The parser accepts a space instead of the T character as well. Note In addition, the date part is accepted in the following formats: YYYY.MM.DD, MM/DD/YYYY and DD.MM.YYYY. DISCUSSION At the core level, Git is character encoding agnostic. · The pathnames recorded in the index and in the tree objects are
treated as uninterpreted sequences of non-NUL bytes. What readdir(2) returns are what are recorded and compared with the data Git keeps track of, which in turn are expected to be what lstat(2) and creat(2) accepts. There is no such thing as pathname encoding translation. · The contents of the blob objects are uninterpreted sequences of bytes. There is no encoding translation at the core level.
· The commit log messages are uninterpreted sequences of non-NUL bytes. Although we encourage that the commit log messages are encoded in
UTF-8, both the core and Git Porcelain are designed not to force UTF-8 on projects. If all participants of a particular project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, Git does not forbid it. However, there are a few things to keep in mind.
1. git commit and git commit-tree issues a warning if the commit log
message given to it does not look like a valid UTF-8 string, unless you explicitly say your project uses a legacy encoding. The way to say this is to have i18n.commitencoding in .git/config file, like this: [i18n]
commitencoding = ISO-8859-1 Commit objects created with the above setting record the value of i18n.commitencoding in its encoding header. This is to help other people who look at them later. Lack of this header implies that the
commit log message is encoded in UTF-8. 2. git log, git show, git blame and friends look at the encoding
header of a commit object, and try to re-code the log message into
UTF-8 unless otherwise specified. You can specify the desired output encoding with i18n.logoutputencoding in .git/config file, like this: [i18n]
logoutputencoding = ISO-8859-1 If you do not have this configuration variable, the value of i18n.commitencoding is used instead.
Note that we deliberately chose not to re-code the commit log message
when a commit is made to force UTF-8 at the commit object level,
because re-coding to UTF-8 is not necessarily a reversible operation. FILES /etc/mailname SEE ALSO
git-write-tree(1) GIT Part of the git(1) suite
Git 1.8.3.1 11/02/2018 GIT-COMMIT-TREE(1)