NAME getspnam, getspnamr, getspent, getspentr, setspent, endspent, fget‐ spent, fgetspentr, sgetspent, sgetspentr, putspent, lckpwdf, ulckpwdf
- get shadow password file entry SYNOPSIS /* General shadow password file API */
#include
struct spwd *getspnam(const char *name); struct spwd *getspent(void); void setspent(void); void endspent(void); struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE *fp); struct spwd *sgetspent(const char *s); int putspent(struct spwd *p, FILE *fp); int lckpwdf(void); int ulckpwdf(void); /* GNU extension */ #include
int getspentr(struct spwd *spbuf, char *buf, sizet buflen, struct spwd **spbufp); int getspnamr(const char *name, struct spwd *spbuf, char *buf, sizet buflen, struct spwd **spbufp); int fgetspentr(FILE *fp, struct spwd *spbuf, char *buf, sizet buflen, struct spwd **spbufp); int sgetspentr(const char *s, struct spwd *spbuf, char *buf, sizet buflen, struct spwd **spbufp); Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see featuretestmacros(7)): getspentr(), getspnamr(), fgetspentr(), sgetspentr(): BSDSOURCE || SVIDSOURCE DESCRIPTION Long ago it was considered safe to have encrypted passwords openly vis‐ ible in the password file. When computers got faster and people got more security-conscious, this was no longer acceptable. Julianne Frances Haugh implemented the shadow password suite that keeps the encrypted passwords in the shadow password database (e.g., the local shadow password file /etc/shadow, NIS, and LDAP), readable only by root. The functions described below resemble those for the traditional pass‐ word database (e.g., see getpwnam(3) and getpwent(3)). The getspnam() function returns a pointer to a structure containing the
broken-out fields of the record in the shadow password database that matches the username name. The getspent() function returns a pointer to the next entry in the shadow password database. The position in the input stream is initial‐ ized by setspent(). When done reading, the program may call endspent() so that resources can be deallocated. The fgetspent() function is similar to getspent() but uses the supplied stream instead of the one implicitly opened by setspent(). The sgetspent() function parses the supplied string s into a struct spwd. The putspent() function writes the contents of the supplied struct spwd *p as a text line in the shadow password file format to the stream fp.
String entries with value NULL and numerical entries with value -1 are written as an empty string. The lckpwdf() function is intended to protect against multiple simulta‐ neous accesses of the shadow password database. It tries to acquire a
lock, and returns 0 on success, or -1 on failure (lock not obtained within 15 seconds). The ulckpwdf() function releases the lock again. Note that there is no protection against direct access of the shadow password file. Only programs that use lckpwdf() will notice the lock. These were the functions that formed the original shadow API. They are widely available. Reentrant versions Analogous to the reentrant functions for the password database, glibc also has reentrant functions for the shadow password database. The getspnamr() function is like getspnam() but stores the retrieved shadow password structure in the space pointed to by spbuf. This shadow password structure contains pointers to strings, and these strings are stored in the buffer buf of size buflen. A pointer to the result (in case of success) or NULL (in case no entry was found or an error occurred) is stored in *spbufp. The functions getspentr(), fgetspentr(), and sgetspentr() are simi‐ larly analogous to their nonreentrant counterparts.
Some non-glibc systems also have functions with these names, often with different prototypes. Structure The shadow password structure is defined in
as follows: struct spwd { char *spnamp; /* Login name */ char *sppwdp; /* Encrypted password */ long splstchg; /* Date of last change (measured in days since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 (UTC)) */
long spmin; /* Min # of days between changes */
long spmax; /* Max # of days between changes */
long spwarn; /* # of days before password expires to warn user to change it */
long spinact; /* # of days after password expires until account is disabled */ long spexpire; /* Date when account expires (measured in days since
1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 (UTC)) */ unsigned long spflag; /* Reserved */ }; RETURN VALUE The functions that return a pointer return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs during processing. The functions which
have int as the return value return 0 for success and -1 for failure, with errno set to indicate the cause of the error. For the nonreentrant functions, the return value may point to static area, and may be overwritten by subsequent calls to these functions. The reentrant functions return zero on success. In case of error, an error number is returned. ERRORS EACCES The caller does not have permission to access the shadow pass‐ word file. ERANGE Supplied buffer is too small. FILES /etc/shadow local shadow password database file /etc/.pwd.lock lock file The include file
defines the constant PATHSHADOW to the pathname of the shadow password file. CONFORMING TO The shadow password database and its associated API are not specified in POSIX.1-2001. However, many other systems provide a similar API. SEE ALSO getgrnam(3), getpwnam(3), getpwnamr(3), shadow(5) COLOPHON
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GNU 2013-04-19 GETSPNAM(3)