Manual Pages for UNIX Darwin command on man zip

ZIP(1L) ZIP(1L)

NAME

zip, zipcloak, zipnote, zipsplit - package and compress (archive) files

SYNOPSIS

zziipp [-aaAABBccddDDeeEEffFFgghhjjkkllLLmmooqqrrRRSSTTuuvvVVwwXXyyzz!!@@$$] [-bb ppaatthh] [-nn ssuuffffiixxeess]

[-tt mmmmddddyyyyyyyy] [-tttt mmmmddddyyyyyyyy] [ zipfile [ file1 file2 ...]] [-xxii lliisstt]

zziippccllooaakk [-ddhhLL] [-bb ppaatthh] zipfile

zziippnnoottee [-hhwwLL] [-bb ppaatthh] zipfile

zziippsspplliitt [-hhiiLLppsstt] [-nn ssiizzee] [-bb ppaatthh] zipfile

DESCRIPTION

zip is a compression and file packaging utility for Unix, VMS, MSDOS,

OS/2, Windows NT, Minix, Atari and Macintosh, Amiga and Acorn RISC OS.

It is analogous to a combination of the UNIX commands tar(1) and com-

press(1) and is compatible with PKZIP (Phil Katz's ZIP for MSDOS sys-

tems).

A companion program (unzip(1L)), unpacks zip archives. The zip and

unzip(1L) programs can work with archives produced by PKZIP, and PKZIP

and PKUNZIP can work with archives produced by zip. zip version 2.3 is

compatible with PKZIP 2.04. Note that PKUNZIP 1.10 cannot extract

files produced by PKZIP 2.04 or zip 2.3. You must use PKUNZIP 2.04g or

unzip 5.0p1 (or later versions) to extract them.

For a brief help on zip and unzip, run each without specifying any

parameters on the command line. The program is useful for packaging a set of files for distribution;

for archiving files; and for saving disk space by temporarily compress-

ing unused files or directories.

The zip program puts one or more compressed files into a single zip ar-

chive, along with information about the files (name, path, date, time of last modification, protection, and check information to verify file

integrity). An entire directory structure can be packed into a zip ar-

chive with a single command. Compression ratios of 2:1 to 3:1 are com-

mon for text files. zip has one compression method (deflation) and can

also store files without compression. zip automatically chooses the

better of the two for each file to be compressed.

When given the name of an existing zip archive, zip will replace iden-

tically named entries in the zip archive or add entries for new names.

For example, if foo.zip exists and contains foo/file1 and foo/file2,

and the directory foo contains the files foo/file1 and foo/file3, then:

zip -r foo foo

will replace foo/file1 in foo.zip and add foo/file3 to foo.zip. After

this, foo.zip contains foo/file1, foo/file2, and foo/file3, with

foo/file2 unchanged from before.

If the file list is specified as -@@, [Not on MacOS] zip takes the list

of input files from standard input. Under UNIX, this option can be used to powerful effect in conjunction with the find(1) command. For example, to archive all the C source files in the current directory and its subdirectories:

find . -name "*.[ch]" -print | zip source -@

(note that the pattern must be quoted to keep the shell from expanding

it). zip will also accept a single dash ("-") as the zip file name, in

which case it will write the zip file to standard output, allowing the

output to be piped to another program. For example:

zip -r - . | dd of=/dev/nrst0 obs=16k

would write the zip output directly to a tape with the specified block

size for the purpose of backing up the current directory.

zip also accepts a single dash ("-") as the name of a file to be com-

pressed, in which case it will read the file from standard input,

allowing zip to take input from another program. For example:

tar cf - . | zip backup -

would compress the output of the tar command for the purpose of backing up the current directory. This generally produces better compression

than the previous example using the -r option, because zip can take

advantage of redundancy between files. The backup can be restored using the command

unzip -p backup | tar xf -

When no zip file name is given and stdout is not a terminal, zip acts

as a filter, compressing standard input to standard output. For exam-

ple,

tar cf - . | zip | dd of=/dev/nrst0 obs=16k

is equivalent to

tar cf - . | zip - - | dd of=/dev/nrst0 obs=16k

zip archives created in this manner can be extracted with the program

funzip which is provided in the unzip package, or by gunzip which is

provided in the gzip package. For example:

dd if=/dev/nrst0 ibs=16k | funzip | tar xvf -

When changing an existing zip archive, zip will write a temporary file

with the new contents, and only replace the old one when the process of creating the new version has been completed without error.

If the name of the zip archive does not contain an extension, the

extension .zip is added. If the name already contains an extension

other than .zip the existing extension is kept unchanged.

OOPPTTIIOONNSS

-aa [Systems using EBCDIC] Translate file to ASCII format.

-AA Adjust self-extracting executable archive. A self-extracting

executable archive is created by prepending the SFX stub to an

existing archive. The -AA option tells zip to adjust the entry

offsets stored in the archive to take into account this "pream-

ble" data.

Note: self-extracting archives for the Amiga are a special case. At

present, only the Amiga port of Zip is capable of adjusting or updating

these without corrupting them. -J can be used to remove the SFX stub if

other updates need to be made.

-BB [VM/CMS and MVS] force file to be read binary (default is text).

-BBnn [TANDEM] set Edit/Enscribe formatting options with n defined as

bit 0: Don't add delimiter (Edit/Enscribe) bit 1: Use LF rather than CR/LF as delimiter (Edit/Enscribe) bit 2: Space fill record to maximum record length (Enscribe) bit 3: Trim trailing space (Enscribe) bit 8: Force 30K (Expand) large read for unstructured files

-bb ppaatthh

Use the specified path for the temporary zip archive. For exam-

ple:

zip -b /tmp stuff *

will put the temporary zip archive in the directory /tmp, copy-

ing over stuff.zip to the current directory when done. This

option is only useful when updating an existing archive, and the file system containing this old archive does not have enough space to hold both old and new archives at the same time.

-cc Add one-line comments for each file. File operations (adding,

updating) are done first, and the user is then prompted for a

one-line comment for each file. Enter the comment followed by

return, or just return for no comment.

-dd Remove (delete) entries from a zip archive. For example:

zip -d foo foo/tom/junk foo/harry/\* \*.o

will remove the entry foo/tom/junk, all of the files that start with foo/harry/, and all of the files that end with .o (in any path). Note that shell pathname expansion has been inhibited

with backslashes, so that zip can see the asterisks, enabling

zip to match on the contents of the zip archive instead of the

contents of the current directory.

Under MSDOS, -dd is case sensitive when it matches names in the

zip archive. This requires that file names be entered in upper

case if they were zipped by PKZIP on an MSDOS system.

-ddff [MacOS] Include only data-fork of files zipped into the archive.

Good for exporting files to foreign operating-systems.

Resource-forks will be ignored at all.

-DD Do not create entries in the zip archive for directories.

Directory entries are created by default so that their

attributes can be saved in the zip archive. The environment

variable ZIPOPT can be used to change the default options. For example under Unix with sh:

ZIPOPT="-D"; export ZIPOPT

(The variable ZIPOPT can be used for any option except -ii and -xx

and can include several options.) The option -DD is a shorthand

for -xx "*/" but the latter cannot be set as default in the

ZIPOPT environment variable.

-ee Encrypt the contents of the zip archive using a password which

is entered on the terminal in response to a prompt (this will

not be echoed; if standard error is not a tty, zip will exit

with an error). The password prompt is repeated to save the user from typing errors.

-EE [OS/2] Use the .LONGNAME Extended Attribute (if found) as file-

name.

-ff Replace (freshen) an existing entry in the zip archive only if

it has been modified more recently than the version already in

the zip archive; unlike the update option (-uu) this will not add

files that are not already in the zip archive. For example:

zip -f foo

This command should be run from the same directory from which

the original zip command was run, since paths stored in zip ar-

chives are always relative. Note that the timezone environment variable TZ should be set

according to the local timezone in order for the -ff , -uu and -oo

options to work correctly. The reasons behind this are somewhat subtle but have to do with

the differences between the Unix-format file times (always in

GMT) and most of the other operating systems (always local time) and the necessity to compare the two. A typical TZ value is

``MET-1MEST'' (Middle European time with automatic adjustment

for ``summertime'' or Daylight Savings Time).

-FF Fix the zip archive. This option can be used if some portions of

the archive are missing. It is not guaranteed to work, so you MUST make a backup of the original archive first.

When doubled as in -FFFF the compressed sizes given inside the

damaged archive are not trusted and zip scans for special signa-

tures to identify the limits between the archive members. The

single -FF is more reliable if the archive is not too much dam-

aged, for example if it has only been truncated, so try this option first. Neither option will recover archives that have been incorrectly transferred in ascii mode instead of binary. After the repair,

the -tt option of unzip may show that some files have a bad CRC.

Such files cannot be recovered; you can remove them from the ar-

chive using the -dd option of zip.

-gg Grow (append to) the specified zip archive, instead of creating

a new one. If this operation fails, zip attempts to restore the

archive to its original state. If the restoration fails, the ar-

chive might become corrupted. This option is ignored when there's no existing archive or when at least one archive member must be updated or deleted.

-hh Display the zip help information (this also appears if zip is

run with no arguments).

-ii ffiilleess

Include only the specified files, as in:

zip -r foo . -i \*.c

which will include only the files that end in .c in the current directory and its subdirectories. (Note for PKZIP users: the equivalent command is

pkzip -rP foo *.c

PKZIP does not allow recursion in directories other than the

current one.) The backslash avoids the shell filename substitu-

tion, so that the name matching is performed by zip at all

directory levels. Also possible:

zip -r foo . -i@include.lst

which will only include the files in the current directory and its subdirectories that match the patterns in the file include.lst.

-II [Acorn RISC OS] Don't scan through Image files. When used, zip

will not consider Image files (eg. DOS partitions or Spark ar-

chives when SparkFS is loaded) as directories but will store them as single files.

For example, if you have SparkFS loaded, zipping a Spark archive

will result in a zipfile containing a directory (and its con-

tent) while using the 'I' option will result in a zipfile con-

taining a Spark archive. Obviously this second case will also be obtained (without the 'I' option) if SparkFS isn't loaded.

-jj Store just the name of a saved file (junk the path), and do not

store directory names. By default, zip will store the full path

(relative to the current path).

-jjjj [MacOS] record Fullpath (+ Volname). The complete path including

volume will be stored. By default the relative path will be stored.

-JJ Strip any prepended data (e.g. a SFX stub) from the archive.

-kk Attempt to convert the names and paths to conform to MSDOS,

store only the MSDOS attribute (just the user write attribute from UNIX), and mark the entry as made under MSDOS (even though it was not); for compatibility with PKUNZIP under MSDOS which cannot handle certain names such as those with two dots.

-ll Translate the Unix end-of-line character LF into the MSDOS con-

vention CR LF. This option should not be used on binary files.

This option can be used on Unix if the zip file is intended for

PKUNZIP under MSDOS. If the input files already contain CR LF,

this option adds an extra CR. This ensure that unzip -a on Unix

will get back an exact copy of the original file, to undo the

effect of zip -l.

-llll Translate the MSDOS end-of-line CR LF into Unix LF. This option

should not be used on binary files. This option can be used on

MSDOS if the zip file is intended for unzip under Unix.

-LL Display the zip license.

-mm Move the specified files into the zip archive; actually, this

deletes the target directories/files after making the specified

zip archive. If a directory becomes empty after removal of the

files, the directory is also removed. No deletions are done

until zip has created the archive without error. This is useful

for conserving disk space, but is potentially dangerous so it is

recommended to use it in combination with -TT to test the archive

before removing all input files.

-nn ssuuffffiixxeess

Do not attempt to compress files named with the given suffixes.

Such files are simply stored (0% compression) in the output zip

file, so that zip doesn't waste its time trying to compress

them. The suffixes are separated by either colons or semi-

colons. For example:

zip -rn .Z:.zip:.tiff:.gif:.snd foo foo

will copy everything from foo into foo.zip, but will store any

files that end in .Z, .zip, .tiff, .gif, or .snd without trying

to compress them (image and sound files often have their own

specialized compression methods). By default, zip does not com-

press files with extensions in the list

.Z:.zip:.zoo:.arc:.lzh:.arj. Such files are stored directly in

the output archive. The environment variable ZIPOPT can be used to change the default options. For example under Unix with csh:

setenv ZIPOPT "-n .gif:.zip"

To attempt compression on all files, use:

zip -n : foo

The maximum compression option -99 also attempts compression on

all files regardless of extension. On Acorn RISC OS systems the suffixes are actually filetypes (3

hex digit format). By default, zip does not compress files with

filetypes in the list DDC:D96:68E (i.e. Archives, CFS files and PackDir files).

-NN [Amiga, MacOS] Save Amiga or MacOS filenotes as zipfile com-

ments. They can be restored by using the -N option of unzip. If

-c is used also, you are prompted for comments only for those

files that do not have filenotes.

-oo Set the "last modified" time of the zip archive to the latest

(oldest) "last modified" time found among the entries in the zip

archive. This can be used without any other operations, if desired. For example:

zip -o foo

will change the last modified time of foo.zip to the latest time

of the entries in foo.zip.

-PP password

use password to encrypt zipfile entries (if any). TTHHIISS

IISS IINNSSEECCUURREE!! Many multi-user operating systems provide

ways for any user to see the current command line of any

other user; even on stand-alone systems there is always

the threat of over-the-shoulder peeking. Storing the

plaintext password as part of a command line in an auto-

mated script is even worse. Whenever possible, use the

non-echoing, interactive prompt to enter passwords. (And

where security is truly important, use strong encryption such as Pretty Good Privacy instead of the relatively

weak encryption provided by standard zipfile utilities.)

-qq Quiet mode; eliminate informational messages and comment

prompts. (Useful, for example, in shell scripts and background tasks).

-QQnn [QDOS] store information about the file in the file

header with n defined as bit 0: Don't add headers for any file bit 1: Add headers for all files bit 2: Don't wait for interactive key press on exit

-rr Travel the directory structure recursively; for example:

zip -r foo foo

In this case, all the files and directories in foo are

saved in a zip archive named foo.zip, including files

with names starting with ".", since the recursion does

not use the shell's file-name substitution mechanism. If

you wish to include only a specific subset of the files

in directory foo and its subdirectories, use the -ii

option to specify the pattern of files to be included.

You should not use -rr with the name ".*", since that

matches ".." which will attempt to zip up the parent

directory (probably not what was intended).

-RR Travel the directory structure recursively starting at

the current directory; for example:

zip -R foo '*.c'

In this case, all the files matching *.c in the tree

starting at the current directory are stored into a zip

archive named foo.zip. Note for PKZIP users: the equiva-

lent command is

pkzip -rP foo *.c

-SS [MSDOS, OS/2, WIN32 and ATARI] Include system and hidden

files. [MacOS] Includes finder invisible files, which are ignored otherwise.

-tt mmmmddddyyyyyyyy

Do not operate on files modified prior to the specified

date, where mm is the month (0-12), dd is the day of the

month (1-31), and yyyy is the year. The ISO 8601 date

format yyyy-mm-dd is also accepted. For example:

zip -rt 12071991 infamy foo

zip -rt 1991-12-07 infamy foo

will add all the files in foo and its subdirectories that were last modified on or after 7 December 1991, to the

zip archive infamy.zip.

-tttt mmmmddddyyyyyyyy

Do not operate on files modified after or at the speci-

fied date, where mm is the month (0-12), dd is the day of

the month (1-31), and yyyy is the year. The ISO 8601

date format yyyy-mm-dd is also accepted. For example:

zip -rtt 11301995 infamy foo

zip -rtt 1995-11-30 infamy foo

will add all the files in foo and its subdirectories that were last modified before the 30 November 1995, to the

zip archive infamy.zip.

-TT Test the integrity of the new zip file. If the check

fails, the old zip file is unchanged and (with the -mm

option) no input files are removed.

-uu Replace (update) an existing entry in the zip archive

only if it has been modified more recently than the ver-

sion already in the zip archive. For example:

zip -u stuff *

will add any new files in the current directory, and

update any files which have been modified since the zip

archive stuff.zip was last created/modified (note that

zip will not try to pack stuff.zip into itself when you

do this).

Note that the -uu option with no arguments acts like the

-ff (freshen) option.

-vv Verbose mode or print diagnostic version info.

Normally, when applied to real operations, this option

enables the display of a progress indicator during com-

pression and requests verbose diagnostic info about zip-

file structure oddities.

When -vv is the only command line argument, and stdout is

not redirected to a file, a diagnostic screen is printed. In addition to the help screen header with program name,

version, and release date, some pointers to the Info-ZIP

home and distribution sites are given. Then, it shows information about the target environment (compiler type and version, OS version, compilation date and the enabled

optional features used to create the zip executable.

-VV [VMS] Save VMS file attributes. zip archives created

with this option will generally not be usable on other systems.

-ww [VMS] Append the version number of the files to the name,

including multiple versions of files. (default: use only the most recent version of a specified file).

-xx ffiilleess

Explicitly exclude the specified files, as in:

zip -r foo foo -x \*.o

which will include the contents of foo in foo.zip while

excluding all the files that end in .o. The backslash avoids the shell filename substitution, so that the name

matching is performed by zip at all directory levels.

Also possible:

zip -r foo foo -x@exclude.lst

which will include the contents of foo in foo.zip while

excluding all the files that match the patterns in the file exclude.lst.

-XX Do not save extra file attributes (Extended Attributes on

OS/2, uid/gid and file times on Unix).

-yy Store symbolic links as such in the zip archive, instead

of compressing and storing the file referred to by the link (UNIX only).

-zz Prompt for a multi-line comment for the entire zip ar-

chive. The comment is ended by a line containing just a period, or an end of file condition (^D on UNIX, ^Z on MSDOS, OS/2, and VAX/VMS). The comment can be taken from a file:

zip -z foo < foowhat

-## Regulate the speed of compression using the specified

digit #, where -00 indicates no compression (store all

files), -11 indicates the fastest compression method (less

compression) and -99 indicates the slowest compression

method (optimal compression, ignores the suffix list).

The default compression level is -66..

-!! [WIN32] Use priviliges (if granted) to obtain all aspects

of WinNT security.

-@@ Take the list of input files from standard input. Only

one filename per line.

-$$ [MSDOS, OS/2, WIN32] Include the volume label for the the

drive holding the first file to be compressed. If you

want to include only the volume label or to force a spe-

cific drive, use the drive name as first file name, as in:

zip -$ foo a: c:bar

EEXXAAMMPPLLEESS The simplest example:

zip stuff *

creates the archive stuff.zip (assuming it does not exist) and

puts all the files in the current directory in it, in compressed

form (the .zip suffix is added automatically, unless that ar-

chive name given contains a dot already; this allows the explicit specification of other suffixes). Because of the way the shell does filename substitution, files starting with "." are not included; to include these as well:

zip stuff .* *

Even this will not include any subdirectories from the current directory.

To zip up an entire directory, the command:

zip -r foo foo

creates the archive foo.zip, containing all the files and direc-

tories in the directory foo that is contained within the current directory.

You may want to make a zip archive that contains the files in

foo, without recording the directory name, foo. You can use the

-jj option to leave off the paths, as in:

zip -j foo foo/*

If you are short on disk space, you might not have enough room

to hold both the original directory and the corresponding com-

pressed zip archive. In this case, you can create the archive

in steps using the -mm option. If foo contains the subdirecto-

ries tom, dick, and harry, you can:

zip -rm foo foo/tom

zip -rm foo foo/dick

zip -rm foo foo/harry

where the first command creates foo.zip, and the next two add to

it. At the completion of each zip command, the last created ar-

chive is deleted, making room for the next zip command to func-

tion. PPAATTTTEERRNN MMAATTCCHHIINNGG This section applies only to UNIX. Watch this space for details on MSDOS and VMS operation. The UNIX shells (sh(1) and csh(1)) do filename substitution on command arguments. The special characters are: ?? match any single character ** match any number of characters (including none) [[]] match any character in the range indicated within the

brackets (example: [a-f], [0-9]).

When these characters are encountered (without being escaped

with a backslash or quotes), the shell will look for files rela-

tive to the current path that match the pattern, and replace the argument with a list of the names that matched.

The zip program can do the same matching on names that are in

the zip archive being modified or, in the case of the -xx

(exclude) or -ii (include) options, on the list of files to be

operated on, by using backslashes or quotes to tell the shell

not to do the name expansion. In general, when zip encounters a

name in the list of files to do, it first looks for the name in the file system. If it finds it, it then adds it to the list of files to do. If it does not find it, it looks for the name in

the zip archive being modified (if it exists), using the pattern

matching characters described above, if present. For each

match, it will add that name to the list of files to be pro-

cessed, unless this name matches one given with the -xx option,

or does not match any name given with the -ii option.

The pattern matching includes the path, and so patterns like

\*.o match names that end in ".o", no matter what the path pre-

fix is. Note that the backslash must precede every special character (i.e. ?*[]), or the entire argument must be enclosed in double quotes ("").

In general, use backslash to make zip do the pattern matching

with the -ff (freshen) and -dd (delete) options, and sometimes

after the -xx (exclude) option when used with an appropriate

operation (add, -uu, -ff, or -dd).

ENVIRONMENT ZZIIPPOOPPTT contains default options that will be used when running

zip

ZZIIPP [Not on RISC OS and VMS] see ZIPOPT

Zip$Options

[RISC OS] see ZIPOPT

ZZiipp$$EExxttss

[RISC OS] contains extensions separated by a : that will

cause native filenames with one of the specified exten-

sions to be added to the zip file with basename and

extension swapped. zip

ZZIIPPOOPPTTSS [VMS] see ZIPOPT

compress(1), shar(1L), tar(1), unzip(1L), gzip(1L)

DIAGNOSTICS The exit status (or error level) approximates the exit codes defined by PKWARE and takes on the following values, except under VMS: 0 normal; no errors or warnings detected.

2 unexpected end of zip file.

3 a generic error in the zipfile format was

detected. Processing may have completed success-

fully anyway; some broken zipfiles created by

other archivers have simple work-arounds.

4 zip was unable to allocate memory for one or more

buffers during program initialization.

5 a severe error in the zipfile format was detected.

Processing probably failed immediately.

6 entry too large to be split with zipsplit

7 invalid comment format

8 zip -T failed or out of memory

9 the user aborted zip prematurely with control-C

(or similar)

10 zip encountered an error while using a temp file

11 read or seek error

12 zip has nothing to do

13 missing or empty zip file

14 error writing to a file

15 zip was unable to create a file to write to

16 bad command line parameters

18 zip could not open a specified file to read

VMS interprets standard Unix (or PC) return values as other,

scarier-looking things, so zip instead maps them into VMS-style

status codes. The current mapping is as follows: 1 (success) for normal exit,

and (0x7fff000? + 16*normalzipexitstatus) for all errors,

where the `?' is 0 (warning) for zip value 12, 2 (error) for the

zip values 3, 6, 7, 9, 13, 16, 18, and 4 (fatal error) for the

remaining ones.

BUGS

zip 2.3 is not compatible with PKUNZIP 1.10. Use zip 1.1 to pro-

duce zip files which can be extracted by PKUNZIP 1.10.

zip files produced by zip 2.3 must not be updated by zip 1.1 or

PKZIP 1.10, if they contain encrypted members or if they have

been produced in a pipe or on a non-seekable device. The old

versions of zip or PKZIP would create an archive with an incor-

rect format. The old versions can list the contents of the zip

file but cannot extract it anyway (because of the new compres-

sion algorithm). If you do not use encryption and use regular disk files, you do not have to care about this problem. Under VMS, not all of the odd file formats are treated properly.

Only stream-LF format zip files are expected to work with zip.

Others can be converted using Rahul Dhesi's BILF program. This

version of zip handles some of the conversion internally. When

using Kermit to transfer zip files from Vax to MSDOS, type "set

file type block" on the Vax. When transfering from MSDOS to Vax, type "set file type fixed" on the Vax. In both cases, type "set file type binary" on MSDOS.

Under VMS, zip hangs for file specification that uses DECnet

syntax foo::*.*.

On OS/2, zip cannot match some names, such as those including an

exclamation mark or a hash sign. This is a bug in OS/2 itself:

the 32-bit DosFindFirst/Next don't find such names. Other pro-

grams such as GNU tar are also affected by this bug. Under OS/2, the amount of Extended Attributes displayed by DIR

is (for compatibility) the amount returned by the 16-bit version

of DosQueryPathInfo(). Otherwise OS/2 1.3 and 2.0 would report different EA sizes when DIRing a file. However, the structure

layout returned by the 32-bit DosQueryPathInfo() is a bit dif-

ferent, it uses extra padding bytes and link pointers (it's a

linked list) to have all fields on 4-byte boundaries for porta-

bility to future RISC OS/2 versions. Therefore the value

reported by zip (which uses this 32-bit-mode size) differs from

that reported by DIR. zip stores the 32-bit format for porta-

bility, even the 16-bit MS-C-compiled version running on OS/2

1.3, so even this one shows the 32-bit-mode size.

AUTHORS

Gailly, Onno van der Linden, Kai Uwe Rommel, Igor Mandrichenko,

John Bush and Paul Kienitz. Permission is granted to any indi-

vidual or institution to use, copy, or redistribute this soft-

ware so long as all of the original files are included, that it is not sold for profit, and that this copyright notice is retained. LIKE ANYTHING ELSE THAT'S FREE, ZIP AND ITS ASSOCIATED UTILITIES ARE PROVIDED AS IS AND COME WITH NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. IN NO EVENT WILL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE. Please send bug reports and comments by email to:

zip-bugs@lists.wku.edu. For bug reports, please include the

version of zip (see zip-h ), the make options used to compile it

see zip-v ), the machine and operating system in use, and as

much additional information as possible. AACCKKNNOOWWLLEEDDGGEEMMEENNTTSS Thanks to R. P. Byrne for his Shrink.Pas program, which inspired this project, and from which the shrink algorithm was stolen; to

Phil Katz for placing in the public domain the zip file format,

compression format, and .ZIP filename extension, and for accept-

ing minor changes to the file format; to Steve Burg for clarifi-

cations on the deflate format; to Haruhiko Okumura and Leonid Broukhis for providing some useful ideas for the compression algorithm; to Keith Petersen, Rich Wales, Hunter Goatley and Mark Adler for providing a mailing list and ftp site for the

Info-ZIP group to use; and most importantly, to the Info-ZIP

group itself (listed in the file infozip.who) without whose

tireless testing and bug-fixing efforts a portable zip would not

have been possible. Finally we should thank (blame) the first

Info-ZIP moderator, David Kirschbaum, for getting us into this

mess in the first place. The manual page was rewritten for UNIX by R. P. C. Rodgers.

Info-ZIP 14 August 1999 (v2.3) ZIP(1L)