Manual Pages for UNIX Darwin command on man screen

SCREEN(1) SCREEN(1)

NAME

screen - screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation

SYNOPSIS

ssccrreeeenn [ -options ] [ cmd [ args ] ]

ssccrreeeenn -rr [[pid..]tty[..host]]

ssccrreeeenn -rr sessionowner//[[pid..]tty[..host]]

DESCRIPTION

Screen is a full-screen window manager that multiplexes a physical ter-

minal between several processes (typically interactive shells). Each virtual terminal provides the functions of a DEC VT100 terminal and, in addition, several control functions from the ISO 6429 (ECMA 48, ANSI X3.64) and ISO 2022 standards (e.g. insert/delete line and support for multiple character sets). There is a scrollback history buffer for

each virtual terminal and a copy-and-paste mechanism that allows moving

text regions between windows.

When screen is called, it creates a single window with a shell in it

(or the specified command) and then gets out of your way so that you can use the program as you normally would. Then, at any time, you can

create new (full-screen) windows with other programs in them (including

more shells), kill existing windows, view a list of windows, turn out-

put logging on and off, copy-and-paste text between windows, view the

scrollback history, switch between windows in whatever manner you wish, etc. All windows run their programs completely independent of each

other. Programs continue to run when their window is currently not vis-

ible and even when the whole screen session is detached from the user's

terminal. When a program terminates, screen (per default) kills the

window that contained it. If this window was in the foreground, the

display switches to the previous window; if none are left, screen

exits.

Everything you type is sent to the program running in the current win-

dow. The only exception to this is the one keystroke that is used to initiate a command to the window manager. By default, each command

begins with a control-a (abbreviated C-a from now on), and is followed

by one other keystroke. The command character and all the key bindings can be fully customized to be anything you like, though they are always two characters in length.

Screen does not understand the prefix "C-" to mean control. Please use

the caret notation ("^A" instead of "C-a") as arguments to e.g. the

escape command or the -e option. Screen will also print out control

characters in caret notation.

The standard way to create a new window is to type "C-a c". This cre-

ates a new window running a shell and switches to that window immedi-

ately, regardless of the state of the process running in the current window. Similarly, you can create a new window with a custom command

in it by first binding the command to a keystroke (in your .screenrc

file or at the "C-a :" command line) and then using it just like the

"C-a c" command. In addition, new windows can be created by running a

command like:

screen emacs prog.c

from a shell prompt within a previously created window. This will not

run another copy of screen, but will instead supply the command name

and its arguments to the window manager (specified in the $STY environ-

ment variable) who will use it to create the new window. The above example would start the emacs editor (editing prog.c) and switch to its window.

If "/etc/utmp" is writable by screen, an appropriate record will be

written to this file for each window, and removed when the window is

terminated. This is useful for working with "talk", "script", "shut-

down", "rsend", "sccs" and other similar programs that use the utmp

file to determine who you are. As long as screen is active on your ter-

minal, the terminal's own record is removed from the utmp file. See

also "C-a L".

GGEETTTTIINNGG SSTTAARRTTEEDD

Before you begin to use screen you'll need to make sure you have cor-

rectly selected your terminal type, just as you would for any other termcap/terminfo program. (You can do this by using tset for example.) If you're impatient and want to get started without doing a lot more

reading, you should remember this one command: "C-a ?". Typing these

two characters will display a list of the available screen commands and

their bindings. Each keystroke is discussed in the section "DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS". The manual section "CUSTOMIZATION" deals with the contents

of your .screenrc.

If your terminal is a "true" auto-margin terminal (it doesn't allow the

last position on the screen to be updated without scrolling the screen)

consider using a version of your terminal's termcap that has automatic margins turned off. This will ensure an accurate and optimal update of

the screen in all circumstances. Most terminals nowadays have "magic"

margins (automatic margins plus usable last column). This is the VT100

style type and perfectly suited for screen. If all you've got is a

"true" auto-margin terminal screen will be content to use it, but

updating a character put into the last position on the screen may not

be possible until the screen scrolls or the character is moved into a

safe position in some other way. This delay can be shortened by using a

terminal with insert-character capability.

CCOOMMMMAANNDD-LLIINNEE OOPPTTIIOONNSS

Screen has the following command-line options:

-aa include all capabilities (with some minor exceptions) in each win-

dow's termcap, even if screen must redraw parts of the display in

order to implement a function.

-AA Adapt the sizes of all windows to the size of the current termi-

nal. By default, screen tries to restore its old window sizes

when attaching to resizable terminals (those with "WS" in its description, e.g. suncmd or some xterm).

-cc file

override the default configuration file from "$HOME/.screenrc" to

file.

-dd|-DD [pid.tty.host]

does not start screen, but detaches the elsewhere running screen

session. It has the same effect as typing "C-a d" from screen's

controlling terminal. -DD is the equivalent to the power detach

key. If no session can be detached, this option is ignored. In

combination with the -rr/-RR option more powerful effects can be

achieved:

-dd -rr Reattach a session and if necessary detach it first.

-dd -RR Reattach a session and if necessary detach or even create it

first.

-dd -RRRR Reattach a session and if necessary detach or create it. Use

the first session if more than one session is available.

-DD -rr Reattach a session. If necessary detach and logout remotely

first.

-DD -RR Attach here and now. In detail this means: If a session is run-

ning, then reattach. If necessary detach and logout remotely first. If it was not running create it and notify the user. This is the author's favorite.

-DD -RRRR Attach here and now. Whatever that means, just do it.

Note: It is always a good idea to check the status of your ses-

sions by means of "screen -list".

-ee xy

specifies the command character to be x and the character generat-

ing a literal command character to y (when typed after the command

character). The default is "C-a" and `a', which can be specified

as "-e^Aa". When creating a screen session, this option sets the

default command character. In a multiuser session all users added will start off with this command character. But when attaching to an already running session, this option changes only the command character of the attaching user. This option is equivalent to either the commands "defescape" or "escape" respectively.

-ff, -ffnn, and -ffaa

turns flow-control on, off, or "automatic switching mode". This

can also be defined through the "defflow" .screenrc command.

-hh num

Specifies the history scrollback buffer to be num lines high.

-ii will cause the interrupt key (usually C-c) to interrupt the dis-

play immediately when flow-control is on. See the "defflow"

.screenrc command for details. The use of this option is discour-

aged.

-ll and -llnn

turns login mode on or off (for /etc/utmp updating). This can

also be defined through the "deflogin" .screenrc command.

-llss and -lliisstt

does not start screen, but prints a list of pid.tty.host strings

identifying your screen sessions. Sessions marked `detached' can

be resumed with "screen -r". Those marked `attached' are running

and have a controlling terminal. If the session runs in multiuser mode, it is marked `multi'. Sessions marked as `unreachable' either live on a different host or are `dead'. An unreachable session is considered dead, when its name matches either the name

of the local host, or the specified parameter, if any. See the -rr

flag for a description how to construct matches. Sessions marked

as `dead' should be thoroughly checked and removed. Ask your sys-

tem administrator if you are not sure. Remove sessions with the

-wwiippee option.

-LL tells screen to turn on automatic output logging for the windows.

-mm causes screen to ignore the $STY environment variable. With

"screen -m" creation of a new session is enforced, regardless

whether screen is called from within another screen session or

not. This flag has a special meaning in connection with the `-d'

option:

-dd -mm Start screen in "detached" mode. This creates a new session but

doesn't attach to it. This is useful for system startup scripts.

-DD -mm This also starts screen in "detached" mode, but doesn't fork a

new process. The command exits if the session terminates.

-OO selects a more optimal output mode for your terminal rather than

true VT100 emulation (only affects auto-margin terminals without

`LP'). This can also be set in your .screenrc by specifying `OP'

in a "termcap" command.

-pp numberorname

Preselect a window. This is usefull when you want to reattach to a

specific windor or you want to send a command via the "-X" option

to a specific window. As with screen's select commant, "-" selects

the blank window. As a special case for reattach, "=" brings up the windowlist on the blank window.

-qq Suppress printing of error messages. In combination with "-ls" the

exit value is as follows: 9 indicates a directory without ses-

sions. 10 indicates a directory with running but not attachable sessions. 11 (or more) indicates 1 (or more) usable sessions. In

combination with "-r" the exit value is as follows: 10 indicates

that there is no session to resume. 12 (or more) indicates that there are 2 (or more) sessions to resume and you should specify

which one to choose. In all other cases "-q" has no effect.

-rr [pid.tty.host]

-rr sessionowner/[pid.tty.host]

resumes a detached screen session. No other options (except com-

binations with -dd/-DD) may be specified, though an optional prefix

of [pid.]tty.host may be needed to distinguish between multiple

detached screen sessions. The second form is used to connect to

another user's screen session which runs in multiuser mode. This

indicates that screen should look for sessions in another user's

directory. This requires setuid-root.

-RR attempts to resume the first detached screen session it finds. If

successful, all other command-line options are ignored. If no

detached session exists, starts a new session using the specified

options, just as if -RR had not been specified. The option is set

by default if screen is run as a login-shell (actually screen uses

"-xRR" in that case). For combinations with the -dd/-DD option see

there.

-ss sets the default shell to the program specified, instead of the

value in the environment variable $SHELL (or "/bin/sh" if not

defined). This can also be defined through the "shell" .screenrc

command.

-SS sessionname

When creating a new session, this option can be used to specify a meaningful name for the session. This name identifies the session

for "screen -list" and "screen -r" actions. It substitutes the

default [tty.host] suffix.

-tt name

sets the title (a.k.a.) for the default shell or specified pro-

gram. See also the "shelltitle" .screenrc command.

-UU Run screen in UTF-8 mode. This option tells screen that your ter-

minal sends and understands UTF-8 encoded characters. It also sets

the default encoding for new windows to `utf8'.

-vv Print version number.

-wwiippee [match]

does the same as "screen -ls", but removes destroyed sessions

instead of marking them as `dead'. An unreachable session is con-

sidered dead, when its name matches either the name of the local

host, or the explicitly given parameter, if any. See the -rr flag

for a description how to construct matches.

-xx Attach to a not detached screen session. (Multi display mode).

-XX Send the specified command to a running screen session. You can

use the -dd or -rr option to tell screen to look only for attached

or detached screen sessions. Note that this command doesn't work

if the session is password protected. DDEEFFAAUULLTT KKEEYY BBIINNDDIINNGGSS

As mentioned, each screen command consists of a "C-a" followed by one

other character. For your convenience, all commands that are bound to

lower-case letters are also bound to their control character counter-

parts (with the exception of "C-a a"; see below), thus, "C-a c" as well

as "C-a C-c" can be used to create a window. See section "CUSTOMIZA-

TION" for a description of the command. The following table shows the default key bindings:

CC-aa '' (select) Prompt for a window name or number to switch

to.

CC-aa "" (windowlist -b)

Present a list of all windows for selection.

CC-aa 00 (select 0)

...... ...

CC-aa 99 (select 9)

CC-aa - (select -) Switch to window number 0 - 9, or to the

blank window.

CC-aa ttaabb (focus) Switch the input focus to the next region.

CC-aa CC-aa (other) Toggle to the window displayed previously.

Note that this binding defaults to the com-

mand character typed twice, unless overrid-

den. For instance, if you use the option

"-ee]]xx", this command becomes "]]".

CC-aa aa (meta) Send the command character (C-a) to window.

See escape command.

CC-aa AA (title) Allow the user to enter a name for the cur-

rent window.

CC-aa bb

CC-aa CC-bb (break) Send a break to window.

CC-aa BB (powbreak) Reopen the terminal line and send a break.

CC-aa cc

CC-aa CC-cc (screen) Create a new window with a shell and switch

to that window.

CC-aa CC (clear) Clear the screen.

CC-aa dd

CC-aa CC-dd (detach) Detach screen from this terminal.

CC-aa DD DD (powdetach) Detach and logout.

CC-aa ff

CC-aa CC-ff (flow) Toggle flow on, off or auto.

CC-aa FF (fit) Resize the window to the current region size.

CC-aa CC-gg (vbell) Toggles screen's visual bell mode.

CC-aa hh (hardcopy) Write a hardcopy of the current window to the

file "hardcopy.n".

CC-aa HH (log) Begins/ends logging of the current window to

the file "screenlog.n".

CC-aa ii

CC-aa CC-ii (info) Show info about this window.

CC-aa kk

CC-aa CC-kk (kill) Destroy current window.

CC-aa ll

CC-aa CC-ll (redisplay) Fully refresh current window.

CC-aa LL (login) Toggle this windows login slot. Available

only if screen is configured to update the

utmp database.

CC-aa mm

CC-aa CC-mm (lastmsg) Repeat the last message displayed in the mes-

sage line.

CC-aa MM (monitor) Toggles monitoring of the current window.

CC-aa ssppaaccee

CC-aa nn

CC-aa CC-nn (next) Switch to the next window.

CC-aa NN (number) Show the number (and title) of the current

window.

CC-aa bbaacckkssppaaccee

CC-aa hh

CC-aa pp

CC-aa CC-pp (prev) Switch to the previous window (opposite of CC-

aa nn).

CC-aa qq

CC-aa CC-qq (xon) Send a control-q to the current window.

CC-aa QQ (only) Delete all regions but the current one.

CC-aa rr

CC-aa CC-rr (wrap) Toggle the current window's line-wrap setting

(turn the current window's automatic margins on and off).

CC-aa ss

CC-aa CC-ss (xoff) Send a control-s to the current window.

CC-aa SS (split) Split the current region into two new ones.

CC-aa tt

CC-aa CC-tt (time) Show system information.

CC-aa vv (version) Display the version and compilation date.

CC-aa CC-vv (digraph) Enter digraph.

CC-aa ww

CC-aa CC-ww (windows) Show a list of window.

CC-aa WW (width) Toggle 80/132 columns.

CC-aa xx

CC-aa CC-xx (lockscreen) Lock this terminal.

CC-aa XX (remove) Kill the current region.

CC-aa zz

CC-aa CC-zz (suspend) Suspend screen. Your system must support

BSD-style job-control.

CC-aa ZZ (reset) Reset the virtual terminal to its "power-on"

values.

CC-aa .. (dumptermcap) Write out a ".termcap" file.

CC-aa ?? (help) Show key bindings.

CC-aa CC-\\ (quit) Kill all windows and terminate screen.

CC-aa :: (colon) Enter command line mode.

CC-aa [[

CC-aa CC-[[

CC-aa eesscc (copy) Enter copy/scrollback mode.

CC-aa ]] (paste .) Write the contents of the paste buffer to the

stdin queue of the current window.

CC-aa {{

CC-aa }} (history) Copy and paste a previous (command) line.

CC-aa >> (writebuf) Write paste buffer to a file.

CC-aa << (readbuf) Reads the screen-exchange file into the paste

buffer.

CC-aa == (removebuf) Removes the file used by CC-aa << and CC-aa >>.

CC-aa ,, (license) Shows where screen comes from, where it went

to and why you can use it.

CC-aa (silence) Start/stop monitoring the current window for

inactivity.

CC-aa ** (displays) Show a listing of all currently attached dis-

plays. CCUUSSTTOOMMIIZZAATTIIOONN

The "socket directory" defaults either to $HOME/.screen or simply to

/tmp/screens or preferably to /usr/local/screens chosen at compile-

time. If screen is installed setuid-root, then the administrator should

compile screen with an adequate (not NFS mounted) socket directory. If

screen is not running setuid-root, the user can specify any mode 700

directory in the environment variable $SCREENDIR.

When screen is invoked, it executes initialization commands from the

files "/usr/local/etc/screenrc" and ".screenrc" in the user's home

directory. These are the "programmer's defaults" that can be overridden

in the following ways: for the global screenrc file screen searches for

the environment variable $SYSSCREENRC (this override feature may be

disabled at compile-time). The user specific screenrc file is searched

in $SCREENRC, then $HOME/.screenrc. The command line option -cc takes

precedence over the above user screenrc files.

Commands in these files are used to set options, bind functions to

keys, and to automatically establish one or more windows at the begin-

ning of your screen session. Commands are listed one per line, with

empty lines being ignored. A command's arguments are separated by tabs

or spaces, and may be surrounded by single or double quotes. A `#'

turns the rest of the line into a comment, except in quotes. Unintel-

ligible lines are warned about and ignored. Commands may contain ref-

erences to environment variables. The syntax is the shell-like "$VAR "

or "${VAR}". Note that this causes incompatibility with previous screen

versions, as now the '$'-character has to be protected with '\' if no

variable substitution shall be performed. A string in single-quotes is

also protected from variable substitution.

Two configuration files are shipped as examples with your screen dis-

tribution: "etc/screenrc" and "etc/etcscreenrc". They contain a number

of useful examples for various commands.

Customization can also be done 'on-line'. To enter the command mode

type `C-a :'. Note that commands starting with "def" change default

values, while others change current settings. The following commands are available:

aaccllaadddd usernames [crypted-pw]

aaddddaaccll usernames

Enable users to fully access this screen session. Usernames can be one

user or a comma separated list of users. This command enables to attach

to the screen session and performs the equivalent of `aclchg usernames

+rwx "#?"'. executed. To add a user with restricted access, use the

`aclchg' command below. If an optional second parameter is supplied, it should be a crypted password for the named user(s). `Addacl' is a synonym to `acladd'. Multi user mode only. aaccllcchhgg usernames permbits list cchhaaccll usernames permbits list Change permissions for a comma separated list of users. Permission bits

are represented as `r', `w' and `x'. Prefixing `+' grants the permis-

sion, `-' removes it. The third parameter is a comma separated list of

commands and/or windows (specified either by number or title). The spe-

cial list `#' refers to all windows, `?' to all commands. if usernames

consists of a single `*', all known users are affected. A command can be executed when the user has the `x' bit for it. The user can type input to a window when he has its `w' bit set and no other user obtains a writelock for this window. Other bits are currently ignored. To withdraw the writelock from another user in window 2: `aclchg username

-w+w 2'. To allow read-only access to the session: `aclchg username -w

"#"'. As soon as a user's name is known to screen he can attach to the

session and (per default) has full permissions for all command and win-

dows. Execution permission for the acl commands, `at' and others should also be removed or the user may be able to regain write permission. Rights of the special username nnoobbooddyy cannot be changed (see the "su" command). `Chacl' is a synonym to `aclchg'. Multi user mode only. aaccllddeell username

Remove a user from screen's access control list. If currently attached,

all the user's displays are detached from the session. He cannot attach again. Multi user mode only. aaccllggrrpp username [groupname] Creates groups of users that share common access rights. The name of the group is the username of the group leader. Each member of the group inherits the permissions that are granted to the group leader. That means, if a user fails an access check, another check is made for the group leader. A user is removed from all groups the special value "none" is used for groupname. If the second parameter is omitted all groups the user is in are listed.

aacclluummaasskk [[users]+bits |[users]-bits .... ]

uummaasskk [[users]+bits |[users]-bits .... ]

This specifies the access other users have to windows that will be cre-

ated by the caller of the command. Users may be no, one or a comma separated list of known usernames. If no users are specified, a list of all currently known users is assumed. Bits is any combination of

access control bits allowed defined with the "aclchg" command. The spe-

cial username "?" predefines the access that not yet known users will

be granted to any window initially. The special username "??" prede-

fines the access that not yet known users are granted to any command. Rights of the special username nnoobbooddyy cannot be changed (see the "su" command). `Umask' is a synonym to `aclumask'. aaccttiivviittyy message

When any activity occurs in a background window that is being moni-

tored, screen displays a notification in the message line. The notifi-

cation message can be re-defined by means of the "activity" command.

Each occurrence of `%' in message is replaced by the number of the win-

dow in which activity has occurred, and each occurrence of `^G' is replaced by the definition for bell in your termcap (usually an audible bell). The default message is

'Activity in window %n'

Note that monitoring is off for all windows by default, but can be

altered by use of the "monitor" command (C-a M).

aallllppaarrttiiaall oonn|ooffff If set to on, only the current cursor line is refreshed on window change. This affects all windows and is useful for slow terminal lines. The previous setting of full/partial refresh for each window is restored with "allpartial off". This is a global flag that immediately takes effect on all windows overriding the "partial" settings. It does not change the default redraw behavior of newly created windows. aallttssccrreeeenn oonn|ooffff

If set to on, "alternate screen" support is enabled in virtual termi-

nals, just like in xterm. Initial setting is `off'.

aatt [identifier][##|**|%%] command [args ... ]

Execute a command at other displays or windows as if it had been

entered there. "At" changes the context (the `current window' or `cur-

rent display' setting) of the command. If the first parameter describes

a non-unique context, the command will be executed multiple times. If

the first parameter is of the form `identifier*' then identifier is

matched against user names. The command is executed once for each dis-

play of the selected user(s). If the first parameter is of the form

`identifier%' identifier is matched against displays. Displays are

named after the ttys they attach. The prefix `/dev/' or `/dev/tty' may

be omitted from the identifier. If identifier has a `#' or nothing

appended it is matched against window numbers and titles. Omitting an

identifier in front of the `#', `*' or `%'-character selects all users,

displays or windows because a prefix-match is performed. Note that on

the affected display(s) a short message will describe what happened. Permission is checked for initiator of the "at" command, not for the

owners of the affected display(s). Note that the '#' character works

as a comment introducer when it is preceded by whitespace. This can be escaped by prefixing a '\'. Permission is checked for the initiator of the "at" command, not for the owners of the affected display(s). Caveat: When matching against windows, the command is executed at least

once per window. Commands that change the internal arrangement of win-

dows (like "other") may be called again. In shared windows the command will be repeated for each attached display. Beware, when issuing toggle commands like "login"! Some commands (e.g. "process") require that a display is associated with the target windows. These commands may not work correctly under "at" looping over windows.

aattttrrccoolloorr attrib [attribute/color-modifier]

This command can be used to highlight attributes by changing the color of the text. If the attribute attrib is in use, the specified attribute/color modifier is also applied. If no modifier is given, the current one is deleted. See the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter for the syntax

of the modifier. Screen understands two pseudo-attributes, "i" stands

for high-intensity foreground color and "I" for high-intensity back-

ground color. Examples: attrcolor b "R" Change the color to bright red if bold text is to be printed.

attrcolor u "-u b"

Use blue text instead of underline. attrcolor b ".I" Use bright colors for bold text. Most terminal emulators do this already. attrcolor i "+b" Make bright colored text also bold. aauuttooddeettaacchh oonn|ooffff

Sets whether screen will automatically detach upon hangup, which saves

all your running programs until they are resumed with a ssccrreeeenn -rr com-

mand. When turned off, a hangup signal will terminate screen and all

the processes it contains. Autodetach is on by default. aauuttoonnuukkee oonn|ooffff

Sets whether a clear screen sequence should nuke all the output that

has not been written to the terminal. See also "obuflimit". bbaacckkttiicckk id lifespan autorefresh cmd args... bbaacckkttiicckk id Program the backtick command with the numerical id id. The output of

such a command is used for substitution of the "%`" string escape. The

specified lifespan is the number of seconds the output is considered valid. After this time, the command is run again if a corresponding string escape is encountered. The autorefresh parameter triggers an

automatic refresh for caption and hardstatus strings after the speci-

fied number of seconds. Only the last line of output is used for sub-

stitution.

If both the lifespan and the autorefresh parameters are zero, the back-

tick program is expected to stay in the background and generate output once in a while. In this case, the command is executed right away and

screen stores the last line of output. If a new line gets printed

screen will automatically refresh the hardstatus or the captions.

The second form of the command deletes the backtick command with the numerical id id. bbccee [oonn|ooffff]

Change background-color-erase setting. If "bce" is set to on, all char-

acters cleared by an erase/insert/scroll/clear operation will be dis-

played in the current background color. Otherwise the default back-

ground color is used. bbeellllmmssgg [message]

When a bell character is sent to a background window, screen displays a

notification in the message line. The notification message can be re-

defined by this command. Each occurrence of `%' in message is replaced

by the number of the window to which a bell has been sent, and each

occurrence of `^G' is replaced by the definition for bell in your term-

cap (usually an audible bell). The default message is

'Bell in window %n'

An empty message can be supplied to the "bellmsg" command to suppress output of a message line (bellmsg ""). Without parameter, the current message is shown.

bbiinndd [-cc class] key [command [args]]

Bind a command to a key. By default, most of the commands provided by

screen are bound to one or more keys as indicated in the "DEFAULT KEY

BINDINGS" section, e.g. the command to create a new window is bound to

"C-c" and "c". The "bind" command can be used to redefine the key

bindings and to define new bindings. The key argument is either a sin-

gle character, a two-character sequence of the form "^x" (meaning "C-

x"), a backslash followed by an octal number (specifying the ASCII code of the character), or a backslash followed by a second character, such as "\^" or "\\". The argument can also be quoted, if you like. If no further argument is given, any previously established binding for this key is removed. The command argument can be any command listed in this section.

If a command class is specified via the "-c" option, the key is bound

for the specified class. Use the "command" command to activate a class.

Command classes can be used to create multiple command keys or multi-

character bindings. Some examples: bind ' ' windows bind ^k bind k bind K kill

bind ^f screen telnet foobar

bind \033 screen -ln -t root -h 1000 9 su

would bind the space key to the command that displays a list of windows

(so that the command usually invoked by "C-a C-w" would also be avail-

able as "C-a space"). The next three lines remove the default kill

binding from "C-a C-k" and "C-a k". "C-a K" is then bound to the kill

command. Then it binds "C-f" to the command "create a window with a

TELNET connection to foobar", and bind "escape" to the command that

creates an non-login window with a.k.a. "root" in slot #9, with a supe-

ruser shell and a scrollback buffer of 1000 lines.

bind -c demo1 0 select 10

bind -c demo1 1 select 11

bind -c demo1 2 select 12

bindkey "^B" command -c demo1

makes "C-b 0" select window 10, "C-b 1" window 11, etc.

bind -c demo2 0 select 10

bind -c demo2 1 select 11

bind -c demo2 2 select 12

bind - command -c demo2

makes "C-a - 0" select window 10, "C-a - 1" window 11, etc.

bbiinnddkkeeyy [-dd] [-mm] [-aa] [[-kk|-tt] string [cmd args]]

This command manages screen's input translation tables. Every entry in

one of the tables tells screen how to react if a certain sequence of

characters is encountered. There are three tables: one that should con-

tain actions programmed by the user, one for the default actions used

for terminal emulation and one for screen's copy mode to do cursor

movement. See section "INPUT TRANSLATION" for a list of default key

bindings.

If the -dd option is given, bindkey modifies the default table, -mm

changes the copy mode table and with neither option the user table is selected. The argument string is the sequence of characters to which

an action is bound. This can either be a fixed string or a termcap key-

board capability name (selectable with the -kk option).

Some keys on a VT100 terminal can send a different string if applica-

tion mode is turned on (e.g the cursor keys). Such keys have two entries in the translation table. You can select the application mode

entry by specifying the -aa option.

The -tt option tells screen not to do inter-character timing. One cannot

turn off the timing if a termcap capability is used.

Cmd can be any of screen's commands with an arbitrary number of args.

If cmd is omitted the key-binding is removed from the table.

Here are some examples of keyboard bindings:

bindkey -d

Show all of the default key bindings. The application mode entries are marked with [A].

bindkey -k k1 select 1

Make the "F1" key switch to window one.

bindkey -t foo stuff barfoo

Make "foo" an abbreviation of the word "barfoo". Timeout is disabled so that users can type slowly. bindkey "\024" mapdefault

This key-binding makes "^T" an escape character for key-bindings. If

you did the above "stuff barfoo" binding, you can enter the word "foo" by typing "^Tfoo". If you want to insert a "^T" you have to press the key twice (i.e. escape the escape binding).

bindkey -k F1 command

Make the F11 (not F1!) key an alternative screen escape (besides ^A).

bbrreeaakk [duration]

Send a break signal for duration*0.25 seconds to this window. For non-

Posix systems the time interval may be rounded up to full seconds. Most useful if a character device is attached to the window rather than a shell process (See also chapter "WINDOW TYPES"). The maximum duration of a break signal is limited to 15 seconds. bbllaannkkeerr

Activate the screen blanker. First the screen is cleared. If no blanker

program is defined, the cursor is turned off, otherwise, the program is

started and it's output is written to the screen. The screen blanker

is killed with the first keypress, the read key is discarded. This command is normally used together with the "idle" command. bbllaannkkeerrpprrgg [program args] Defines a blanker program. Disables the blanker program if no arguments are given. bbrreeaakkttyyppee [tcsendbreak|TIOCSBRK |TCSBRK] Choose one of the available methods of generating a break signal for terminal devices. This command should affect the current window only. But it still behaves identical to "defbreaktype". This will be changed in the future. Calling "breaktype" with no parameter displays the break method for the current window.

bbuuffffeerrffiillee [exchange-file]

Change the filename used for reading and writing with the paste buffer. If the optional argument to the "bufferfile" command is omitted, the

default setting ("/tmp/screen-exchange") is reactivated. The following

example will paste the system's password file into the screen window

(using the paste buffer, where a copy remains):

C-a : bufferfile /etc/passwd

C-a < C-a ]

C-a : bufferfile

cc11 [oonn|ooffff]

Change c1 code processing. "C1 on" tells screen to treat the input

characters between 128 and 159 as control functions. Such an 8-bit

code is normally the same as ESC followed by the corresponding 7-bit

code. The default setting is to process c1 codes and can be changed with the "defc1" command. Users with fonts that have usable characters in the c1 positions may want to turn this off. ccaappttiioonn aallwwaayyss|sspplliittoonnllyy [string] ccaappttiioonn ssttrriinngg [string] This command controls the display of the window captions. Normally a caption is only used if more than one window is shown on the display

(split screen mode). But if the type is set to aallwwaayyss screen shows a

caption even if only one window is displayed. The default is sspplliittoonnllyy. The second form changes the text used for the caption. You can use all escapes from the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter. Screen uses a default of

`%3n %t'.

You can mix both forms by providing a string as an additional argument. cchhaarrsseett set Change the current character set slot designation and charset mapping. The first four character of set are treated as charset designators while the fifth and sixth character must be in range '0' to '3' and set

the GL/GR charset mapping. On every position a '.' may be used to indi-

cate that the corresponding charset/mapping should not be changed (set is padded to six characters internally by appending '.' chars). New windows have "BBBB02" as default charset, unless a "encoding" command is active. The current setting can be viewed with the "info" command. cchhddiirr [directory]

Change the current directory of screen to the specified directory or,

if called without an argument, to your home directory (the value of the

environment variable $HOME). All windows that are created by means of

the "screen" command from within ".screenrc" or by means of "C-a :

screen ..." or "C-a c" use this as their default directory. Without a

chdir command, this would be the directory from which screen was

invoked. Hardcopy and log files are always written to the window's default directory, not the current directory of the process running in

the window. You can use this command multiple times in your .screenrc

to start various windows in different default directories, but the last chdir value will affect all the windows you create interactively. cclleeaarr Clears the current window and saves its image to the scrollback buffer. ccoolloonn [prefix]

Allows you to enter ".screenrc" command lines. Useful for on-the-fly

modification of key bindings, specific window creation and changing

settings. Note that the "set" keyword no longer exists! Usually com-

mands affect the current window rather than default settings for future windows. Change defaults with commands starting with 'def...'.

If you consider this as the `Ex command mode' of screen, you may regard

"C-a esc" (copy mode) as its `Vi command mode'.

ccoommmmaanndd [-cc class]

This command has the same effect as typing the screen escape character

(^A). It is probably only useful for key bindings. If the "-c" option

is given, select the specified command class. See also "bind" and "bindkey". ccoommppaacctthhiisstt [oonn|ooffff]

This tells screen whether to suppress trailing blank lines when

scrolling up text into the history buffer. ccoonnssoollee [oonn|ooffff]

Grabs or un-grabs the machines console output to a window. Note: Only

the owner of /dev/console can grab the console output. This command is only available if the machine supports the ioctl TIOCCONS. ccooppyy

Enter copy/scrollback mode. This allows you to copy text from the cur-

rent window and its history into the paste buffer. In this mode a vi-

like `full screen editor' is active:

Movement keys: hh, jj, kk, ll move the cursor line by line or column by column.

00, ^^ and $$ move to the leftmost column, to the first or last non-

whitespace character on the line. HH, MM and LL move the cursor to the leftmost column of the top, center or bottom line of the window.

++ and - positions one line up and down.

GG moves to the specified absolute line (default: end of buffer). || moves to the specified absolute column. ww, bb, ee move the cursor word by word. BB, EE move the cursor WORD by WORD (as in vi).

CC-uu and CC-dd scroll the display up/down by the specified amount of

lines while preserving the cursor position. (Default: half screen-

full).

CC-bb and CC-ff scroll the display up/down a full screen.

gg moves to the beginning of the buffer.

%% jumps to the specified percentage of the buffer.

Note:

Emacs style movement keys can be customized by a .screenrc command.

(E.g. markkeys "h=^B:l=^F:$=^E") There is no simple method for a

full emacs-style keymap, as this involves multi-character codes.

Marking: The copy range is specified by setting two marks. The text between these marks will be highlighted. Press ssppaaccee to set the first or second mark respectively. YY and yy used to mark one whole line or to mark from start of line. WW marks exactly one word. Repeat count: Any of these commands can be prefixed with a repeat count number by pressing digits 00..99 which is taken as a repeat count.

Example: "C-a C-[ H 10 j 5 Y" will copy lines 11 to 15 into the

paste buffer. Searching:

// Vi-like search forward.

?? Vi-like search backward.

CC-aa ss Emacs style incremental search forward.

CC-rr Emacs style reverse i-search.

Specials: There are however some keys that act differently than in vi. Vi

does not allow one to yank rectangular blocks of text, but screen

does. Press cc or CC to set the left or right margin respectively. If no repeat count is given, both default to the current cursor position.

Example: Try this on a rather full text screen: "C-a [ M 20 l SPACE

c 10 l 5 j C SPACE".

This moves one to the middle line of the screen, moves in 20 col-

umns left, marks the beginning of the paste buffer, sets the left column, moves 5 columns down, sets the right column, and then marks the end of the paste buffer. Now try:

"C-a [ M 20 l SPACE 10 l 5 j SPACE"

and notice the difference in the amount of text copied.

JJ joins lines. It toggles between 4 modes: lines separated by a new-

line character (012), lines glued seamless, lines separated by a single whitespace and comma separated lines. Note that you can prepend the newline character with a carriage return character, by issuing a "crlf on".

vv is for all the vi users with ":set numbers" - it toggles the left

margin between column 9 and 1. Press

aa before the final space key to toggle in append mode. Thus the con-

tents of the paste buffer will not be overwritten, but is appended to. AA toggles in append mode and sets a (second) mark. >> sets the (second) mark and writes the contents of the paste buffer

to the screen-exchange file (/tmp/screen-exchange per default) once

copy-mode is finished.

This example demonstrates how to dump the whole scrollback buffer

to that file: "C-A [ g SPACE G $ >".

CC-gg gives information about the current line and column.

xx exchanges the first mark and the current cursor position. You can use this to adjust an already placed mark. @@ does nothing. Does not even exit copy mode. All keys not described here exit copy mode. ccooppyyrreegg [key] No longer exists, use "readreg" instead. ccrrllff [oonn|ooffff]

This affects the copying of text regions with the `C-a [' command. If

it is set to `on', lines will be separated by the two character

sequence `CR' - `LF'. Otherwise (default) only `LF' is used. When no

parameter is given, the state is toggled. ddeebbuugg oonn|ooffff

Turns runtime debugging on or off. If screen has been compiled with

option -DDEBUG debugging available and is turned on per default. Note

that this command only affects debugging output from the main "SCREEN" process correctly. Debug output from attacher processes can only be turned off once and forever. ddeeffcc11 oonn|ooffff Same as the cc11 command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `on'. ddeeffaauuttoonnuukkee oonn|ooffff Same as the aauuttoonnuukkee command except that the default setting for new displays is changed. Initial setting is `off'. Note that you can use the special `AN' terminal capability if you want to have a dependency on the terminal type. ddeeffbbccee oonn|ooffff Same as the bbccee command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off'. ddeeffbbrreeaakkttyyppee [tcsendbreak|TIOCSBRK |TCSBRK] Choose one of the available methods of generating a break signal for terminal devices. The preferred methods are tcsendbreak and TIOCSBRK.

The third, TCSBRK, blocks the complete screen session for the duration

of the break, but it may be the only way to generate long breaks. Tcsendbreak and TIOCSBRK may or may not produce long breaks with spikes

(e.g. 4 per second). This is not only system dependant, this also dif-

fers between serial board drivers. Calling "defbreaktype" with no parameter displays the current setting. ddeeffcchhaarrsseett [set]

Like the cchhaarrsseett command except that the default setting for new win-

dows is changed. Shows current default if called without argument. ddeeffeessccaappee xy Set the default command characters. This is equivalent to the "escape"

except that it is useful multiuser sessions only. In a multiuser ses-

sion "escape" changes the command character of the calling user, where "defescape" changes the default command characters for users that will be added later. ddeeffffllooww oonn|ooffff|aauuttoo [iinntteerrrruupptt]

Same as the ffllooww command except that the default setting for new win-

dows is changed. Initial setting is `auto'. Specifying "defflow auto

interrupt" is the same as the command-line options -ffaa and -ii.

ddeeffggrr oonn|ooffff Same as the ggrr command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off'. ddeeffhhssttaattuuss [status] The hardstatus line that all new windows will get is set to status. This command is useful to make the hardstatus of every window display the window number or title or the like. Status may contain the same

directives as in the window messages, but the directive escape charac-

ter is '^E' (octal 005) instead of '%'. This was done to make a misin-

terpretation of program generated hardstatus lines impossible. If the parameter status is omitted, the current default string is displayed. Per default the hardstatus line of new windows is empty. ddeeffeennccooddiinngg enc Same as the eennccooddiinngg command except that the default setting for new

windows is changed. Initial setting is the encoding taken from the ter-

minal. ddeefflloogg oonn|ooffff Same as the lloogg command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off'. ddeeffllooggiinn oonn|ooffff

Same as the llooggiinn command except that the default setting for new win-

dows is changed. This is initialized with `on' as distributed (see con-

fig.h.in). ddeeffmmooddee mode

The mode of each newly allocated pseudo-tty is set to mode. Mode is an

octal number. When no "defmode" command is given, mode 0622 is used. ddeeffmmoonniittoorr oonn|ooffff Same as the mmoonniittoorr command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off'. ddeeffnnoonnbblloocckk oonn|ooffff|numsecs

Same as the nnoonnbblloocckk command except that the default setting for dis-

plays is changed. Initial setting is `off'. ddeeffoobbuufflliimmiitt limit Same as the oobbuufflliimmiitt command except that the default setting for new displays is changed. Initial setting is 256 bytes. Note that you can

use the special 'OL' terminal capability if you want to have a depen-

dency on the terminal type. ddeeffssccrroollllbbaacckk num Same as the ssccrroollllbbaacckk command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is 100. ddeeffsshheellll command Synonym to the sshheellll command. See there. ddeeffssiilleennccee oonn|ooffff Same as the ssiilleennccee command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is `off'. ddeeffsslloowwppaassttee msec" Same as the sslloowwppaassttee command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initial setting is 0 milliseconds, meaning `off'. ddeeffuuttff88 oonn|ooffff

Same as the uuttff88 command except that the default setting for new win-

dows is changed. Initial setting is `on' if screen was started with

"-U", otherwise `off'.

ddeeffwwrraapp oonn|ooffff

Same as the wwrraapp command except that the default setting for new win-

dows is changed. Initially line-wrap is on and can be toggled with the

"wrap" command ("C-a r") or by means of "C-a : wrap on|off".

ddeeffwwrriitteelloocckk oonn|ooffff|aauuttoo Same as the wwrriitteelloocckk command except that the default setting for new windows is changed. Initially writelocks will off. ddeeffzzoommbbiiee [keys] Synonym to the zzoommbbiiee command. Both currently change the default. See there.

ddeettaacchh [-hh]

Detach the screen session (disconnect it from the terminal and put it

into the background). This returns you to the shell where you invoked

screen. A detached screen can be resumed by invoking screen with the

-rr option (see also section "COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS"). The -hh option

tells screen to immediately close the connection to the terminal

("hangup"). ddiinnffoo

Show what screen thinks about your terminal. Useful if you want to know

why features like color or the alternate charset don't work. ddiissppllaayyss

Shows a tabular listing of all currently connected user front-ends

(displays). This is most useful for multiuser sessions. ddiiggrraapphh [preset] This command prompts the user for a digraph sequence. The next two characters typed are looked up in a builtin table and the resulting character is inserted in the input stream. For example, if the user

enters 'a"', an a-umlaut will be inserted. If the first character

entered is a 0 (zero), screen will treat the following characters (up

to three) as an octal number instead. The optional argument preset is

treated as user input, thus one can create an "umlaut" key. For exam-

ple the command "bindkey ^K digraph '"'" enables the user to generate

an a-umlaut by typing CTRL-K a.

dduummpptteerrmmccaapp

Write the termcap entry for the virtual terminal optimized for the cur-

rently active window to the file ".termcap" in the user's

"$HOME/.screen" directory (or wherever screen stores its sockets. See

the "FILES" section below). This termcap entry is identical to the

value of the environment variable $TERMCAP that is set up by screen for

each window. For terminfo based systems you will need to run a con-

verter like captoinfo and then compile the entry with tic.

eecchhoo [-nn] message

The echo command may be used to annoy screen users with a 'message of

the day'. Typically installed in a global /local/etc/screenrc. The

option "-n" may be used to suppress the line feed. See also "sleep".

Echo is also useful for online checking of environment variables. eennccooddiinngg enc [enc]

Tell screen how to interpret the input/output. The first argument sets

the encoding of the current window. Each window can emulate a different encoding. The optional second parameter overwrites the encoding of the

connected terminal. It should never be needed as screen uses the locale

setting to detect the encoding. There is also a way to select a termi-

nal encoding depending on the terminal type by using the "KJ" termcap entry.

Supported encodings are eucJP, SJIS, eucKR, eucCN, Big5, GBK, KOI8-R,

CP1251, UTF-8, ISO8859-2, ISO8859-3, ISO8859-4, ISO8859-5, ISO8859-6,

ISO8859-7, ISO8859-8, ISO8859-9, ISO8859-10, ISO8859-15, jis.

See also "defencoding", which changes the default setting of a new win-

dow. eessccaappee xy Set the command character to x and the character generating a literal command character (by triggering the "meta" command) to y (similar to

the -e option). Each argument is either a single character, a two-

character sequence of the form "^x" (meaning "C-x"), a backslash fol-

lowed by an octal number (specifying the ASCII code of the character), or a backslash followed by a second character, such as "\^" or "\\". The default is "^Aa". eevvaall command1 [command2 ...] Parses and executes each argument as separate command. eexxeecc [[fdpat] newcommand [args ...]] Run a unix subprocess (specified by an executable path newcommand and its optional arguments) in the current window. The flow of data between newcommands stdin/stdout/stderr, the process originally started in the

window (let us call it "application-process") and screen itself (win-

dow) is controlled by the filedescriptor pattern fdpat. This pattern is basically a three character sequence representing stdin, stdout and

stderr of newcommand. A dot (.) connects the file descriptor to screen.

An exclamation mark (!) causes the file descriptor to be connected to

the application-process. A colon (:) combines both. User input will go

to newcommand unless newcommand receives the application-process' out-

put (fdpats first character is `!' or `:') or a pipe symbol (|) is added (as a fourth character) to the end of fdpat.

Invoking `exec' without arguments shows name and arguments of the cur-

rently running subprocess in this window. Only one subprocess a time can be running in each window. When a subprocess is running the `kill' command will affect it instead of the windows process.

Refer to the postscript file `doc/fdpat.ps' for a confusing illustra-

tion of all 21 possible combinations. Each drawing shows the digits 2,1,0 representing the three file descriptors of newcommand. The box

marked `W' is the usual pty that has the application-process on its

slave side. The box marked `P' is the secondary pty that now has

screen at its master side.

Abbreviations: Whitespace between the word `exec' and fdpat and the command can be

omitted. Trailing dots and a fdpat consisting only of dots can be omit-

ted. A simple `|' is synonymous for the pattern `!..|'; the word exec can be omitted here and can always be replaced by `!'. Examples: exec ... /bin/sh exec /bin/sh !/bin/sh Creates another shell in the same window, while the original shell is still running. Output of both shells is displayed and user input is sent to the new /bin/sh. exec !.. stty 19200 exec ! stty 19200 !!stty 19200 Set the speed of the window's tty. If your stty command operates on stdout, then add another `!'. exec !..| less |less This adds a pager to the window output. The special character `|' is needed to give the user control over the pager although it gets its input from the window's process. This works, because less listens on

stderr (a behavior that screen would not expect without the `|') when

its stdin is not a tty. Less versions newer than 177 fail miserably here; good old pg still works.

!:sed -n s/.*Error.*/\007/p

Sends window output to both, the user and the sed command. The sed inserts an additional bell character (oct. 007) to the window output

seen by screen. This will cause "Bell in window x" messages, whenever

the string "Error" appears in the window. ffiitt Change the window size to the size of the current region. This command

is needed because screen doesn't adapt the window size automatically if

the window is displayed more than once. ffllooww [oonn|ooffff|aauuttoo]

Sets the flow-control mode for this window. Without parameters it

cycles the current window's flow-control setting from "automatic" to

"on" to "off". See the discussion on "FLOW-CONTROL" later on in this

document for full details and note, that this is subject to change in future releases. Default is set by `defflow'. ffooccuuss [uupp|ddoowwnn|ttoopp|bboottttoomm] Move the input focus to the next region. This is done in a cyclic way

so that the top region is selected after the bottom one. If no subcom-

mand is given it defaults to `down'. `up' cycles in the opposite order, `top' and `bottom' go to the top and bottom region respectively. Useful bindings are (j and k as in vi) bind j focus down bind k focus up bind t focus top bind b focus bottom ggrr [oonn|ooffff]

Turn GR charset switching on/off. Whenever screen sees an input charac-

ter with the 8th bit set, it will use the charset stored in the GR slot and print the character with the 8th bit stripped. The default (see also "defgr") is not to process GR switching because otherwise the ISO88591 charset would not work.

hhaarrddccooppyy [-hh] [file]

Writes out the currently displayed image to the file file, or, if no filename is specified, to hardcopy.n in the default directory, where n is the number of the current window. This either appends or overwrites

the file if it exists. See below. If the option -hh is specified, dump

also the contents of the scrollback buffer. hhaarrddccooppyyaappppeenndd oonn|ooffff

If set to "on", screen will append to the "hardcopy.n" files created by

the command "C-a h", otherwise these files are overwritten each time.

Default is `off'. hhaarrddccooppyyddiirr directory Defines a directory where hardcopy files will be placed. If unset,

hardcopys are dumped in screen's current working directory.

hhaarrddssttaattuuss [oonn|ooffff] hhaarrddssttaattuuss [aallwwaayyss]llaassttlliinnee|mmeessssaaggee|iiggnnoorree [string] hhaarrddssttaattuuss ssttrriinngg [string]

This command configures the use and emulation of the terminal's hard-

status line. The first form toggles whether screen will use the hard-

ware status line to display messages. If the flag is set to `off', these messages are overlaid in reverse video mode at the display line. The default setting is `on'.

The second form tells screen what to do if the terminal doesn't have a

hardstatus line (i.e. the termcap/terminfo capabilities "hs", "ts",

"fs" and "ds" are not set). If the type "lastline" is used, screen will

reserve the last line of the display for the hardstatus. "message" uses

screen's message mechanism and "ignore" tells screen never to display

the hardstatus. If you prepend the word "always" to the type (e.g.,

"alwayslastline"), screen will use the type even if the terminal sup-

ports a hardstatus.

The third form specifies the contents of the hardstatus line. '%h' is

used as default string, i.e. the stored hardstatus of the current win-

dow (settable via "ESC]0;^G" or "ESCESC\") is dis-

played. You can customize this to any string you like including the

escapes from the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter. If you leave out the argu-

ment string, the current string is displayed.

You can mix the second and third form by providing the string as addi-

tional argument.

hheeiigghhtt [-ww|-dd] [lines [cols]]

Set the display height to a specified number of lines. When no argument

is given it toggles between 24 and 42 lines display. You can also spec-

ify a width if you want to change both values. The -ww option tells

screen to leave the display size unchanged and just set the window

size, -dd vice versa.

hheellpp [-cc class]

Not really a online help, but displays a help screen showing you all

the key bindings. The first pages list all the internal commands fol-

lowed by their current bindings. Subsequent pages will display the custom commands, one command per key. Press space when you're done reading each page, or return to exit early. All other characters are

ignored. If the "-c" option is given, display all bound commands for

the specified command class. See also "DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS" section. hhiissttoorryy Usually users work with a shell that allows easy access to previous

commands. For example csh has the command "!!" to repeat the last com-

mand executed. Screen allows you to have a primitive way of re-calling

"the command that started ...": You just type the first letter of that

command, then hit `C-a {' and screen tries to find a previous line that

matches with the `prompt character' to the left of the cursor. This line is pasted into this window's input queue. Thus you have a crude command history (made up by the visible window and its scrollback buffer). hhssttaattuuss status Change the window's hardstatus line to the string status. iiddllee [timeout [cmd args]]

Sets a command that is run after the specified number of seconds inac-

tivity is reached. This command will normally be the "blanker" command

to create a screen blanker, but it can be any screen command. If no

command is specified, only the timeout is set. A timeout of zero (ot the special timeout ooffff) disables the timer. If no arguments are given, the current settings are displayed. iiggnnoorreeccaassee [oonn|ooffff]

Tell screen to ignore the case of characters in searches. Default is

`off'. iinnffoo Uses the message line to display some information about the current window: the cursor position in the form "(column,row)" starting with "(1,1)", the terminal width and height plus the size of the scrollback buffer in lines, like in "(80,24)+50", the current state of window

XON/XOFF flow control is shown like this (See also section FLOW CON-

TROL): +flow automatic flow control, currently on.

-flow automatic flow control, currently off.

+(+)flow flow control enabled. Agrees with automatic control.

-(+)flow flow control disabled. Disagrees with automatic control.

+(-)flow flow control enabled. Disagrees with automatic control.

-(-)flow flow control disabled. Agrees with automatic control.

The current line wrap setting (`+wrap' indicates enabled, `-wrap' not)

is also shown. The flags `ins', `org', `app', `log', `mon' or `nored'

are displayed when the window is in insert mode, origin mode, applica-

tion-keypad mode, has output logging, activity monitoring or partial

redraw enabled. The currently active character set (G0, G1, G2, or G3) and in square brackets the terminal character sets that are currently designated as

G0 through G3 is shown. If the window is in UTF-8 mode, the string

"UTF-8" is shown instead.

Additional modes depending on the type of the window are displayed at the end of the status line (See also chapter "WINDOW TYPES").

If the state machine of the terminal emulator is in a non-default

state, the info line is started with a string identifying the current state. For system information use the "time" command. iinnssrreegg [key] No longer exists, use "paste" instead. kkiillll Kill current window. If there is an `exec' command running then it is killed. Otherwise the process (shell) running in the window receives a HANGUP condition, the

window structure is removed and screen (your display) switches to

another window. When the last window is destroyed, screen exits.

After a kill screen switches to the previously displayed window.

Note: Emacs users should keep this command in mind, when killing a

line. It is recommended not to use "C-a" as the screen escape key or

to rebind kill to "C-a K".

llaassttmmssgg Redisplay the last contents of the message/status line. Useful if you're typing when a message appears, because the message goes away when you press a key (unless your terminal has a hardware status line). Refer to the commands "msgwait" and "msgminwait" for fine tuning. lliicceennssee

Display the disclaimer page. This is done whenever screen is started

without options, which should be often enough. See also the "startupmessage" command. lloocckkssccrreeeenn

Lock this display. Call a screenlock program (/local/bin/lck or

/usr/bin/lock or a builtin if no other is available). Screen does not

accept any command keys until this program terminates. Meanwhile pro-

cesses in the windows may continue, as the windows are in the

`detached' state. The screenlock program may be changed through the

environment variable $LOCKPRG (which must be set in the shell from

which screen is started) and is executed with the user's uid and gid.

Warning: When you leave other shells unlocked and you have no password

set on screen, the lock is void: One could easily re-attach from an

unlocked shell. This feature should rather be called `lockterminal'. lloogg [oonn|ooffff]

Start/stop writing output of the current window to a file "screenlog.n"

in the window's default directory, where n is the number of the current window. This filename can be changed with the `logfile' command. If no parameter is given, the state of logging is toggled. The session log is appended to the previous contents of the file if it already exists. The current contents and the contents of the scrollback history are not included in the session log. Default is `off'. llooggffiillee filename llooggffiillee fflluusshh secs

Defines the name the logfiles will get. The default is "screenlog.%n".

The second form changes the number of seconds screen will wait before

flushing the logfile buffer to the file-system. The default value is 10

seconds. llooggiinn [oonn|ooffff] Adds or removes the entry in the utmp database file for the current window. This controls if the window is `logged in'. When no parameter is given, the login state of the window is toggled. Additionally to that toggle, it is convenient having a `log in' and a `log out' key. E.g. `bind I login on' and `bind O login off' will map these keys to be

C-a I and C-a O. The default setting (in config.h.in) should be "on"

for a screen that runs under suid-root. Use the "deflogin" command to

change the default login state for new windows. Both commands are only

present when screen has been compiled with utmp support.

llooggttssttaammpp [oonn|ooffff] llooggttssttaammpp aafftteerr [secs] llooggttssttaammpp ssttrriinngg [string]

This command controls logfile time-stamp mechanism of screen. If time-

stamps are turned "on", screen adds a string containing the current

time to the logfile after two minutes of inactivity. When output con-

tinues and more than another two minutes have passed, a second time-

stamp is added to document the restart of the output. You can change this timeout with the second form of the command. The third form is

used for customizing the time-stamp string (`- %n:%t - time-stamp -

%M/%d/%y %c:%s -\n' by default).

mmaappddeeffaauulltt

Tell screen that the next input character should only be looked up in

the default bindkey table. See also "bindkey". mmaappnnoottnneexxtt Like mapdefault, but don't even look in the default bindkey table. mmaappttiimmeeoouutt [timo]

Set the inter-character timer for input sequence detection to a timeout

of timo ms. The default timeout is 300ms. Maptimeout with no arguments shows the current setting. See also "bindkey". mmaarrkkkkeeyyss string This is a method of changing the keymap used for copy/history mode. The string is made up of oldchar=newchar pairs which are separated by

`:'. Example: The string "B=^B:F=^F" will change the keys `C-b' and `C-

f' to the vi style binding (scroll up/down fill page). This happens to be the default binding for `B' and `F'. The command "markkeys

h=^B:l=^F:$=^E" would set the mode for an emacs-style binding. If your

terminal sends characters, that cause you to abort copy mode, then this

command may help by binding these characters to do nothing. The no-op

character is `@' and is used like this: "markkeys @=L=H" if you do not

want to use the `H' or `L' commands any longer. As shown in this exam-

ple, multiple keys can be assigned to one function in a single state-

ment. mmaaxxwwiinn num

Set the maximum window number screen will create. Doesn't affect

already existing windows. The number may only be decreased. mmeettaa

Insert the command character (C-a) in the current window's input

stream. mmoonniittoorr [oonn|ooffff] Toggles activity monitoring of windows. When monitoring is turned on and an affected window is switched into the background, you will receive the activity notification message in the status line at the first sign of output and the window will also be marked with an `@' in

the window-status display. Monitoring is initially off for all win-

dows. mmssggmmiinnwwaaiitt sec

Defines the time screen delays a new message when one message is cur-

rently displayed. The default is 1 second. mmssggwwaaiitt sec

Defines the time a message is displayed if screen is not disturbed by

other activity. The default is 5 seconds. mmuullttiiuusseerr oonn|ooffff

Switch between singleuser and multiuser mode. Standard screen operation

is singleuser. In multiuser mode the commands `acladd', `aclchg', `aclgrp' and `acldel' can be used to enable (and disable) other users

accessing this screen session.

nneetthhaacckk oonn|ooffff

Changes the kind of error messages used by screen. When you are famil-

iar with the game "nethack", you may enjoy the nethack-style messages

which will often blur the facts a little, but are much funnier to read. Anyway, standard messages often tend to be unclear as well.

This option is only available if screen was compiled with the NETHACK

flag defined. The default setting is then determined by the presence of

the environment variable $NETHACKOPTIONS.

nneexxtt Switch to the next window. This command can be used repeatedly to cycle through the list of windows. nnoonnbblloocckk [oonn|ooffff|numsecs]

Tell screen how to deal with user interfaces (displays) that cease to

accept output. This can happen if a user presses ^S or a TCP/modem con-

nection gets cut but no hangup is received. If nonblock is ooffff (this is

the default) screen waits until the display restarts to accept the out-

put. If nonblock is oonn, screen waits until the timeout is reached (oonn

is treated as 1s). If the display still doesn't receive characters,

screen will consider it "blocked" and stop sending characters to it. If

at some time it restarts to accept characters, screen will unblock the

display and redisplay the updated window contents. nnuummbbeerr [n] Change the current windows number. If the given number n is already used by another window, both windows exchange their numbers. If no argument is specified, the current window number (and title) is shown. oobbuufflliimmiitt [limit] If the output buffer contains more bytes than the specified limit, no more data will be read from the windows. The default value is 256. If you have a fast display (like xterm), you can set it to some higher value. If no argument is specified, the current setting is displayed. oonnllyy Kill all regions but the current one. ootthheerr Switch to the window displayed previously. If this window does no longer exist, other has the same effect as next. ppaarrttiiaall oonn|ooffff Defines whether the display should be refreshed (as with redisplay) after switching to the current window. This command only affects the current window. To immediately affect all windows use the allpartial command. Default is `off', of course. This default is fixed, as there is currently no defpartial command. ppaasssswwoorrdd [cryptedpw]

Present a crypted password in your ".screenrc" file and screen will ask

for it, whenever someone attempts to resume a detached. This is useful

if you have privileged programs running under screen and you want to

protect your session from reattach attempts by another user masquerad-

ing as your uid (i.e. any superuser.) If no crypted password is speci-

fied, screen prompts twice for typing a password and places its encryp-

tion in the paste buffer. Default is `none', this disables password checking. ppaassttee [registers [destreg]] Write the (concatenated) contents of the specified registers to the stdin queue of the current window. The register '.' is treated as the

paste buffer. If no parameter is given the user is prompted for a sin-

gle register to paste. The paste buffer can be filled with the copy, history and readbuf commands. Other registers can be filled with the register, readreg and paste commands. If paste is called with a second argument, the contents of the specified registers is pasted into the named destination register rather than the window. If '.' is used as the second argument, the displays paste buffer is the destination. Note, that "paste" uses a wide variety of resources: Whenever a second argument is specified no current window is needed. When the source specification only contains registers (not the paste buffer) then there need not be a current display (terminal attached), as the registers are a global resource. The paste buffer exists once for every user. ppaasstteeffoonntt [oonn|ooffff]

Tell screen to include font information in the paste buffer. The

default is not to do so. This command is especially useful for multi character fonts like kanji. ppoowwbbrreeaakk Reopen the window's terminal line and send a break condition. See `break'. ppoowwddeettaacchh

Power detach. Mainly the same as detach, but also sends a HANGUP sig-

nal to the parent process of screen. CAUTION: This will result in a

logout, when screen was started from your login shell.

ppoowwddeettaacchhmmssgg [message]

The message specified here is output whenever a `Power detach' was per-

formed. It may be used as a replacement for a logout message or to reset baud rate, etc. Without parameter, the current message is shown. pprreevv Switch to the window with the next lower number. This command can be used repeatedly to cycle through the list of windows. pprriinnttccmmdd [cmd]

If cmd is not an empty string, screen will not use the terminal capa-

bilities "po/pf" if it detects an ansi print sequence EESSCC [[ 55 ii, but pipe the output into cmd. This should normally be a command like "lpr" or "'cat > /tmp/scrprint'". pprriinnttccmmdd without a command displays the current setting. The ansi sequence EESSCC \\ ends printing and closes the pipe. Warning: Be careful with this command! If other user have write access to your terminal, they will be able to fire off print commands. pprroocceessss [key]

Stuff the contents of the specified register into screen's input queue.

If no argument is given you are prompted for a register name. The text is parsed as if it had been typed in from the user's keyboard. This command can be used to bind multiple actions to a single key. qquuiitt

Kill all windows and terminate screen. Note that on VT100-style termi-

nals the keys C-4 and C-\ are identical. This makes the default bind-

ings dangerous: Be careful not to type C-a C-4 when selecting window

no. 4. Use the empty bind command (as in "bind '^\'") to remove a key binding.

rreeaaddbbuuff [-ee encoding] [filename]

Reads the contents of the specified file into the paste buffer. You

can tell screen the encoding of the file via the -ee option. If no file

is specified, the screen-exchange filename is used. See also "buffer-

file" command.

rreeaaddrreegg [-ee encoding] [register [filename]]

Does one of two things, dependent on number of arguments: with zero or

one arguments it it duplicates the paste buffer contents into the reg-

ister specified or entered at the prompt. With two arguments it reads the contents of the named file into the register, just as readbuf reads

the screen-exchange file into the paste buffer. You can tell screen

the encoding of the file via the -ee option. The following example will

paste the system's password file into the screen window (using register

p, where a copy remains):

C-a : readreg p /etc/passwd

C-a : paste p

rreeddiissppllaayy Redisplay the current window. Needed to get a full redisplay when in partial redraw mode.

rreeggiisstteerr [-ee encoding] key string

Save the specified string to the register key. The encoding of the

string can be specified via the -ee option. See also the "paste" com-

mand. rreemmoovvee

Kill the current region. This is a no-op if there is only one region.

rreemmoovveebbuuff

Unlinks the screen-exchange file used by the commands "writebuf" and

"readbuf". rreesseett

Reset the virtual terminal to its "power-on" values. Useful when

strange settings (like scroll regions or graphics character set) are left over from an application. rreessiizzee Resize the current region. The space will be removed from or added to the region below or if there's not enough space from the region above. resize +N increase current region height by N

resize -N decrease current region height by N

resize N set current region height to N resize = make all windows equally high resize max maximize current region height resize min minimize current region height

ssccrreeeenn [-opts] [n] [cmd [args]]

Establish a new window. The flow-control options (-ff, -ffnn and -ffaa),

title (a.k.a.) option (-tt), login options (-ll and -llnn) , terminal type

option (-TT ), the all-capability-flag (-aa) and scrollback option

(-hh ) may be specified with each command. The option (-MM) turns

monitoring on for this window. The option (-LL) turns output logging on

for this window. If an optional number n in the range 0..9 is given, the window number n is assigned to the newly created window (or, if

this number is already in-use, the next available number). If a com-

mand is specified after "screen", this command (with the given argu-

ments) is started in the window; otherwise, a shell is created. Thus,

if your ".screenrc" contains the lines

# example for .screenrc:

screen 1

screen -fn -t foobar -L 2 telnet foobar

screen creates a shell window (in window #1) and a window with a TELNET

connection to the machine foobar (with no flow-control using the title

"foobar" in window #2) and will write a logfile ("screenlog.2") of the

telnet session. Note, that unlike previous versions of screen no addi-

tional default window is created when "screen" commands are included in

your ".screenrc" file. When the initialization is completed, screen

switches to the last window specified in your .screenrc file or, if

none, opens a default window #0.

Screen has built in some functionality of "cu" and "telnet". See also chapter "WINDOW TYPES". ssccrroollllbbaacckk num Set the size of the scrollback buffer for the current windows to num

lines. The default scrollback is 100 lines. See also the "defscroll-

back" command and use "C-a i" to view the current setting.

sseelleecctt [WindowID] Switch to the window identified by WindowID. This can be a prefix of a

window title (alphanumeric window name) or a window number. The param-

eter is optional and if omitted, you get prompted for an identifier. When a new window is established, the first available number is assigned to this window. Thus, the first window can be activated by

"select 0". The number of windows is limited at compile-time by the

MAXWIN configuration parameter. There are two special WindowIDs, "-"

selects the internal blank window and "." selects the current window.

The latter is useful if used with screen's "-X" option.

sseessssiioonnnnaammee [name]

Rename the current session. Note, that for "screen -list" the name

shows up with the process-id prepended. If the argument "name" is omit-

ted, the name of this session is displayed. Caution: The $STY environ-

ment variables still reflects the old name. This may result in confu-

sion. The default is constructed from the tty and host names. sseetteennvv [var [string]]

Set the environment variable var to value string. If only var is spec-

ified, the user will be prompted to enter a value. If no parameters are specified, the user will be prompted for both variable and value. The environment is inherited by all subsequently forked shells. sseettssiidd [oonn|ooffff]

Normally screen uses different sessions and process groups for the win-

dows. If setsid is turned off, this is not done anymore and all windows

will be in the same process group as the screen backend process. This

also breaks job-control, so be careful. The default is on, of course.

This command is probably useful only in rare circumstances. sshheellll command Set the command to be used to create a new shell. This overrides the

value of the environment variable $SHELL. This is useful if you'd like

to run a tty-enhancer which is expecting to execute the program speci-

fied in $SHELL. If the command begins with a '-' character, the shell

will be started as a login-shell.

sshheellllttiittllee title

Set the title for all shells created during startup or by the C-A C-c

command. For details about what a title is, see the discussion enti-

tled "TITLES (naming windows)". ssiilleennccee [oonn|ooffff|sec] Toggles silence monitoring of windows. When silence is turned on and an affected window is switched into the background, you will receive the silence notification message in the status line after a specified period of inactivity (silence). The default timeout can be changed with the `silencewait' command or by specifying a number of seconds instead of `on' or `off'. Silence is initially off for all windows. ssiilleenncceewwaaiitt sec Define the time that all windows monitored for silence should wait before displaying a message. Default 30 seconds. sslleeeepp num

This command will pause the execution of a .screenrc file for num sec-

onds. Keyboard activity will end the sleep. It may be used to give users a chance to read the messages output by "echo". sslloowwppaassttee msec Define the speed at which text is inserted into the current window by

the paste ("C-a ]") command. If the slowpaste value is nonzero text is

written character by character. screen will make a pause of msec mil-

liseconds after each single character write to allow the application to process its input. Only use slowpaste if your underlying system exposes flow control problems while pasting large amounts of text. ssoouurrccee file Read and execute commands from file file. Source commands may be nested to a maximum recursion level of ten. If file is not an absolute path

and screen is already processing a source command, the parent directory

of the running source command file is used to search for the new com-

mand file before screen's current directory.

Note that termcap/terminfo/termcapinfo commands only work at startup

and reattach time, so they must be reached via the default screenrc

files to have an effect. ssoorreennddiittiioonn [attr [color]]

Change the way screen does highlighting for text marking and printing

messages. See the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter for the syntax of the modi-

fiers. The default is currently "=s dd" (standout, default colors). sspplliitt Split the current region into two new ones. All regions on the display

are resized to make room for the new region. The blank window is dis-

played on the new region. Use the "remove" or the "only" command to delete regions. ssttaarrttuuppmmeessssaaggee oonn|ooffff Select whether you want to see the copyright notice during startup. Default is `on', as you probably noticed. ssttuuffff string Stuff the string string in the input buffer of the current window.

This is like the "paste" command but with much less overhead. You can-

not paste large buffers with the "stuff" command. It is most useful for key bindings. See also "bindkey". ssuu [uusseerrnnaammee [ppaasssswwoorrdd [ppaasssswwoorrdd22]]

Substitute the user of a display. The command prompts for all parame-

ters that are omitted. If passwords are specified as parameters, they

have to be specified un-crypted. The first password is matched against

the systems passwd database, the second password is matched against the

screen password as set with the commands "acladd" or "password". "Su"

may be useful for the screen administrator to test multiuser setups.

When the identification fails, the user has access to the commands available for user nnoobbooddyy. These are "detach", "license", "version", "help" and "displays". ssuussppeenndd

Suspend screen. The windows are in the `detached' state, while screen

is suspended. This feature relies on the shell being able to do job control. tteerrmm term

In each window's environment screen opens, the $TERM variable is set to

"screen" by default. But when no description for "screen" is installed

in the local termcap or terminfo data base, you set $TERM to - say -

"vt100". This won't do much harm, as screen is VT100/ANSI compatible.

The use of the "term" command is discouraged for non-default purpose.

That is, one may want to specify special $TERM settings (e.g. vt100)

for the next "screen rlogin othermachine" command. Use the command

"screen -T vt100 rlogin othermachine" rather than setting and resetting

the default.

tteerrmmccaapp term terminal-tweaks [window-tweaks]

tteerrmmiinnffoo term terminal-tweaks [window-tweaks]

tteerrmmccaappiinnffoo term terminal-tweaks [window-tweaks]

Use this command to modify your terminal's termcap entry without going through all the hassles involved in creating a custom termcap entry.

Plus, you can optionally customize the termcap generated for the win-

dows. You have to place these commands in one of the screenrc startup

files, as they are meaningless once the terminal emulator is booted. If your system works uses the terminfo database rather than termcap,

screen will understand the `terminfo' command, which has the same

effects as the `termcap' command. Two separate commands are provided,

as there are subtle syntactic differences, e.g. when parameter interpo-

lation (using `%') is required. Note that termcap names of the capabil-

ities have to be used with the `terminfo' command.

In many cases, where the arguments are valid in both terminfo and term-

cap syntax, you can use the command `termcapinfo', which is just a

shorthand for a pair of `termcap' and `terminfo' commands with identi-

cal arguments. The first argument specifies which terminal(s) should be affected by this definition. You can specify multiple terminal names by separating them with `|'s. Use `*' to match all terminals and `vt*' to match all terminals that begin with "vt". Each tweak argument contains one or more termcap defines (separated by `:'s) to be inserted at the start of the appropriate termcap entry, enhancing it or overriding existing values. The first tweak modifies your terminal's termcap, and contains definitions that your terminal uses to perform certain functions. Specify a null string to leave this

unchanged (e.g. ''). The second (optional) tweak modifies all the win-

dow termcaps, and should contain definitions that screen understands

(see the "VIRTUAL TERMINAL" section). Some examples: termcap xterm* LP:hs@

Informs screen that all terminals that begin with `xterm' have firm

auto-margins that allow the last position on the screen to be updated

(LP), but they don't really have a status line (no 'hs' - append `@' to

turn entries off). Note that we assume `LP' for all terminal names that start with "vt", but only if you don't specify a termcap command for that terminal. termcap vt* LP termcap vt102|vt220 Z0=\E[?3h:Z1=\E[?3l

Specifies the firm-margined `LP' capability for all terminals that

begin with `vt', and the second line will also add the escape-sequences

to switch into (Z0) and back out of (Z1) 132-character-per-line mode if

this is a VT102 or VT220. (You must specify Z0 and Z1 in your termcap

to use the width-changing commands.)

termcap vt100 "" l0=PF1:l1=PF2:l2=PF3:l3=PF4 This leaves your vt100 termcap alone and adds the function key labels to each window's termcap entry. termcap h19|z19 am@:im=\E@:ei=\EO dc=\E[P

Takes a h19 or z19 termcap and turns off auto-margins (am@) and enables

the insert mode (im) and end-insert (ei) capabilities (the `@' in the

`im' string is after the `=', so it is part of the string). Having the `im' and `ei' definitions put into your terminal's termcap will cause

screen to automatically advertise the character-insert capability in

each window's termcap. Each window will also get the delete-character

capability (dc) added to its termcap, which screen will translate into

a line-update for the terminal (we're pretending it doesn't support

character deletion). If you would like to fully specify each window's termcap entry, you

should instead set the $SCREENCAP variable prior to running screen.

See the discussion on the "VIRTUAL TERMINAL" in this manual, and the termcap(5) man page for more information on termcap definitions. ttiimmee [string] Uses the message line to display the time of day, the host name, and the load averages over 1, 5, and 15 minutes (if this is available on your system). For window specific information use "info". If a string is specified, it changes the format of the time report like it is described in the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter. Screen uses a default

of "%c:%s %M %d %H%? %l%?".

ttiittllee [windowtitle]

Set the name of the current window to windowtitle. If no name is speci-

fied, screen prompts for one. This command was known as `aka' in previ-

ous releases. uunnsseetteennvv var Unset an environment variable. uuttff88 [oonn|ooffff [oonn|ooffff]] Change the encoding used in the current window. If utf8 is enabled, the

strings sent to the window will be UTF-8 encoded and vice versa. Omit-

ting the parameter toggles the setting. If a second parameter is given, the display's encoding is also changed (this should rather be done with

screen's "-U" option). See also "defutf8", which changes the default

setting of a new window. vvbbeellll [oonn|ooffff] Sets the visual bell setting for this window. Omitting the parameter toggles the setting. If vbell is switched on, but your terminal does

not support a visual bell, a `vbell-message' is displayed in the status

line when the bell character (^G) is received. Visual bell support of a terminal is defined by the termcap variable `vb' (terminfo: 'flash'). Per default, vbell is off, thus the audible bell is used. See also `bellmsg'. vvbbeellllmmssgg [message] Sets the visual bell message. message is printed to the status line if the window receives a bell character (^G), vbell is set to "on", but the terminal does not support a visual bell. The default message is "Wuff, Wuff!!". Without parameter, the current message is shown. vvbbeellllwwaaiitt sec

Define a delay in seconds after each display of screen's visual bell

message. The default is 1 second. vveerrbboossee [oonn|ooffff]

If verbose is switched on, the command name is echoed, whenever a win-

dow is created (or resurrected from zombie state). Default is off. Without parameter, the current setting is shown. vveerrssiioonn Print the current version and the compile date in the status line. wwaallll message

Write a message to all displays. The message will appear in the termi-

nal's status line.

wwiiddtthh [-ww|-dd] [cols [lines]]

Toggle the window width between 80 and 132 columns or set it to cols columns if an argument is specified. This requires a capable terminal and the termcap entries "Z0" and "Z1". See the "termcap" command for more information. You can also specify a new height if you want to

change both values. The -ww option tells screen to leave the display

size unchanged and just set the window size, -dd vice versa.

wwiinnddoowwlliisstt [-bb] [-mm]

wwiinnddoowwlliisstt ssttrriinngg [string] wwiinnddoowwlliisstt ttiittllee [title] Display all windows in a table for visual window selection. The desired window can be selected via the standard movement keys (see the "copy"

command) and activated via the return key. If the -bb option is given,

screen will switch to the blank window before presenting the list, so

that the current window is also selectable. The -mm option changes the

order of the windows, instead of sorting by window numbers screen uses

its internal most-recently-used list.

The table format can be changed with the ssttrriinngg and ttiittllee option, the title is displayed as table heading, while the lines are made by using

the string setting. The default setting is "Num Name%=Flags" for the

title and "%3n %t%=%f" for the lines. See the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter

for more codes (e.g. color settings). wwiinnddoowwss

Uses the message line to display a list of all the windows. Each win-

dow is listed by number with the name of process that has been started in the window (or its title); the current window is marked with a `*';

the previous window is marked with a `-'; all the windows that are

"logged in" are marked with a `$'; a background window that has

received a bell is marked with a `!'; a background window that is being monitored and has had activity occur is marked with an `@'; a window

which has output logging turned on is marked with `(L)'; windows occu-

pied by other users are marked with `&'; windows in the zombie state are marked with `Z'. If this list is too long to fit on the terminal's status line only the portion around the current window is displayed. wwrraapp [oonn|ooffff]

Sets the line-wrap setting for the current window. When line-wrap is

on, the second consecutive printable character output at the last col-

umn of a line will wrap to the start of the following line. As an added feature, backspace (^H) will also wrap through the left margin to the previous line. Default is `on'.

wwrriitteebbuuff [-ee encoding] [filename]

Writes the contents of the paste buffer to the specified file, or the

public accessible screen-exchange file if no filename is given. This is

thought of as a primitive means of communication between screen users

on the same host. If an encoding is specified the paste buffer is recoded on the fly to match the encoding. The filename can be set with

the bufferfile command and defaults to "/tmp/screen-exchange".

wwrriitteelloocckk [oonn|ooffff|aauuttoo] In addition to access control lists, not all users may be able to write to the same window at once. Per default, writelock is in `auto' mode and grants exclusive input permission to the user who is the first to switch to the particular window. When he leaves the window, other users may obtain the writelock (automatically). The writelock of the current window is disabled by the command "writelock off". If the user issues the command "writelock on" he keeps the exclusive write permission while switching to other windows. xxooffff xxoonn

Insert a CTRL-s / CTRL-q character to the stdin queue of the current

window. zzmmooddeemm [ooffff|aauuttoo|ccaattcchh|ppaassss] zzmmooddeemm sseennddccmmdd [string] zzmmooddeemm rreeccvvccmmdd [string]

Define zmodem support for screen. Screen understands two different

modes when it detects a zmodem request: "pass" and "catch". If the

mode is set to "pass", screen will relay all data to the attacher until

the end of the transmission is reached. In "catch" mode screen acts as

a zmodem endpoint and starts the corresponding rz/sz commands. If the

mode is set to "auto", screen will use "catch" if the window is a tty

(e.g. a serial line), otherwise it will use "pass".

You can define the templates screen uses in "catch" mode via the second

and the third form. Note also that this is an experimental feature. zzoommbbiiee [keys] ddeeffzzoommbbiiee [keys]

Per default screen windows are removed from the window list as soon as

the windows process (e.g. shell) exits. When a string of two keys is specified to the zombie command, `dead' windows will remain in the list. The kkiillll command may be used to remove such a window. Pressing the first key in the dead window has the same effect. When pressing the

second key, screen will attempt to resurrect the window. The process

that was initially running in the window will be launched again. Call-

ing zzoommbbiiee without parameters will clear the zombie setting, thus mak-

ing windows disappear when their process exits.

As the zombie-setting is manipulated globally for all windows, this

command should only be called ddeeffzzoommbbiiee. Until we need this as a per window setting, the commands zzoommbbiiee and ddeeffzzoommbbiiee are synonymous. TTHHEE MMEESSSSAAGGEE LLIINNEE

Screen displays informational messages and other diagnostics in a mes-

sage line. While this line is distributed to appear at the bottom of

the screen, it can be defined to appear at the top of the screen during

compilation. If your terminal has a status line defined in its term-

cap, screen will use this for displaying its messages, otherwise a line

of the current screen will be temporarily overwritten and output will

be momentarily interrupted. The message line is automatically removed

after a few seconds delay, but it can also be removed early (on termi-

nals without a status line) by beginning to type. The message line facility can be used by an application running in the current window by means of the ANSI Privacy message control sequence. For instance, from within the shell, try something like:

echo '^Hello world from window '$WINDOW'\\'

where '' is an escape, '^' is a literal up-arrow, and '\\' turns

into a single backslash. WWIINNDDOOWW TTYYPPEESS Screen provides three different window types. New windows are created

with screen's ssccrreeeenn command (see also the entry in chapter "CUSTOMIZA-

TION"). The first parameter to the ssccrreeeenn command defines which type of window is created. The different window types are all special cases of

the normal type. They have been added in order to allow screen to be

used efficiently as a console multiplexer with 100 or more windows. +o The normal window contains a shell (default, if no parameter is given) or any other system command that could be executed from a shell (e.g. ssllooggiinn, etc...)

+o If a tty (character special device) name (e.g. "/dev/ttya") is spec-

ified as the first parameter, then the window is directly connected

to this device. This window type is similar to "screen cu -l

/dev/ttya". Read and write access is required on the device node, an exclusive open is attempted on the node to mark the connection line as busy. An optional parameter is allowed consisting of a comma separated list of flags in the notation used by stty(1): Usually 300, 1200, 9600 or 19200. This affects transmission as well as receive speed. cs8 or cs7 Specify the transmission of eight (or seven) bits per byte.

ixon or -ixon

Enables (or disables) software flow-control (CTRL-S/CTRL-Q)

for sending data.

ixoff or -ixon

Enables (or disables) software flow-control for receiving

data.

istrip or -istrip

Clear (or keep) the eight bit in each received byte. You may want to specify as many of these options as applicable.

Unspecified options cause the terminal driver to make up the parame-

ter values of the connection. These values are system dependant and may be in defaults or values saved from a previous connection. For tty windows, the iinnffoo command shows some of the modem control lines in the status line. These may include `RTS', `CTS', 'DTR', `DSR', `CD' and more. This depends on the available ioctl()'s and system header files as well as the on the physical capabilities of the serial board. Signals that are logical low (inactive) have their name preceded by an exclamation mark (!), otherwise the signal is logical high (active). Signals not supported by the hardware but available to the ioctl() interface are usually shown low. When the CLOCAL status bit is true, the whole set of modem signals

is placed inside curly braces ({ and }). When the CRTSCTS or TIOC-

SOFTCAR bit is set, the signals `CTS' or `CD' are shown in parenthe-

sis, respectively. For tty windows, the command bbrreeaakk causes the Data transmission line (TxD) to go low for a specified period of time. This is expected to be interpreted as break signal on the other side. No data is sent and no modem control line is changed when a bbrreeaakk is issued. +o If the first parameter is "//telnet", the second parameter is expected to be a host name, and an optional third parameter may specify a TCP port number (default decimal 23). Screen will connect to a server listening on the remote host and use the telnet protocol to communicate with that server.

For telnet windows, the command iinnffoo shows details about the connec-

tion in square brackets ([ and ]) at the end of the status line. b BINARY. The connection is in binary mode. e ECHO. Local echo is disabled. c SGA. The connection is in `character mode' (default: `line mode'). t TTYPE. The terminal type has been requested by the remote

host. Screen sends the name "screen" unless instructed oth-

erwise (see also the command `term'). w NAWS. The remote site is notified about window size changes. f LFLOW. The remote host will send flow control information. (Ignored at the moment.) Additional flags for debugging are x, t and n (XDISPLOC, TSPEED and NEWENV). For telnet windows, the command bbrreeaakk sends the telnet code IAC BREAK (decimal 243) to the remote host.

This window type is only available if screen was compiled with the

BUILTINTELNET option defined. SSTTRRIINNGG EESSCCAAPPEESS

Screen provides an escape mechanism to insert information like the cur-

rent time into messages or file names. The escape character is '%' with

one exception: inside of a window's hardstatus '^%' ('^E') is used

instead. Here is the full list of supported escapes:

% the escape character itself

a either 'am' or 'pm' A either 'AM' or 'PM' c current time HH:MM in 24h format C current time HH:MM in 12h format d day number D weekday name f flags of the window

F sets %? to true if the window has the focus

h hardstatus of the window H hostname of the system l current load of the system m month number M month name n window number s seconds t window title u all other users on this window

w all window numbers and names. With '-' quailifier: up to the

current window; with '+' qualifier: starting with the window after the current one. W all window numbers and names except the current one y last two digits of the year number Y full year number

? the part to the next '%?' is displayed only if a '%' escape

inside the part expands to a non-empty string

: else part of '%?'

= pad the string to the display's width (like TeX's hfill). If a number is specified, pad to the percentage of the window's

width. A '0' qualifier tells screen to treat the number as

absolute position. You can specify to pad relative to the last

absolute pad position by adding a '+' qualifier or to pad rela-

tive to the right margin by using '-'. The padding truncates the

string if the specified position lies before the current posi-

tion. Add the 'L' qualifier to change this.

< same as '%=' but just do truncation, do not fill with spaces

> mark the current text position for the next truncation. When

screen needs to do truncation, it tries to do it in a way that

the marked position gets moved to the specified percentage of the output area. (The area starts from the last absolute pad position and ends with the position specified by the truncation

operator.) The 'L' qualifier tells screen to mark the truncated

parts with '...'. { attribute/color modifier string terminated by the next "}" ` Substitute with the output of a 'backtick' command. The length qualifier is misused to identify one of the commands.

The 'c' and 'C' escape may be qualified with a '0' to make screen use

zero instead of space as fill character. The '0' qualifier also makes

the '=' escape use absolute positions. The 'n' and '=' escapes under-

stand a length qualifier (e.g. '%3n'), 'D' and 'M' can be prefixed with

'L' to generate long names, 'w' and 'W' also show the window flags if 'L' is given. An attribute/color modifier is is used to change the attributes or the

color settings. Its format is "[attribute modifier] [color descrip-

tion]". The attribute modifier must be prefixed by a change type indi-

cator if it can be confused with a color desciption. The following change types are known: + add the specified set to the current attributes

- remove the set from the current attributes

! invert the set in the current attributes = change the current attributes to the specified set The attribute set can either be specified as a hexadecimal number or a combination of the following letters: d dim u underline b bold r reverse s standout B blinking

Colors are coded either as a hexadecimal number or two letters specify-

ing the desired background and foreground color (in that order). The following colors are known: k black r red g green y yellow b blue m magenta c cyan w white d default color . leave color unchanged The capitalized versions of the letter specify bright colors. You can

also use the pseudo-color 'i' to set just the brightness and leave the

color unchanged.

A one digit/letter color description is treated as foreground or back-

ground color dependant on the current attributes: if reverse mode is set, the background color is changed instead of the foreground color. If you don't like this, prefix the color with a ".". If you want the

same behaviour for two-letter color descriptions, also prefix them with

a ".".

As a special case, "%{-}" restores the attributes and colors that were

set before the last change was made (i.e. pops one level of the color-

change stack). Examples: "G" set color to bright green "+b r" use bold red

"= yd" clear all attributes, write in default color on yellow back-

ground.

%-Lw%{= BW}%50>%n%f* %t%{-}%+Lw%<

The available windows centered at the current window and trun-

cated to the available width. The current window is displayed

white on blue. This can be used with "hardstatus alwayslast-

line".

%?%F%{.R.}%?%3n %t%? [%h]%?

The window number and title and the window's hardstatus, if one is set. Also use a red background if this is the active focus. Useful for "caption string".

FFLLOOWW-CCOONNTTRROOLL

Each window has a flow-control setting that determines how screen deals

with the XON and XOFF characters (and perhaps the interrupt character).

When flow-control is turned off, screen ignores the XON and XOFF char-

acters, which allows the user to send them to the current program by simply typing them (useful for the emacs editor, for instance). The

trade-off is that it will take longer for output from a "normal" pro-

gram to pause in response to an XOFF. With flow-control turned on, XON

and XOFF characters are used to immediately pause the output of the current window. You can still send these characters to the current

program, but you must use the appropriate two-character screen commands

(typically "C-a q" (xon) and "C-a s" (xoff)). The xon/xoff commands

are also useful for typing C-s and C-q past a terminal that intercepts

these characters.

Each window has an initial flow-control value set with either the -ff

option or the "defflow" .screenrc command. Per default the windows are

set to automatic flow-switching. It can then be toggled between the

three states 'fixed on', 'fixed off' and 'automatic' interactively with

the "flow" command bound to "C-a f".

The automatic flow-switching mode deals with flow control using the

TIOCPKT mode (like "rlogin" does). If the tty driver does not support

TIOCPKT, screen tries to find out the right mode based on the current

setting of the application keypad - when it is enabled, flow-control is

turned off and visa versa. Of course, you can still manipulate flow-

control manually when needed.

If you're running with flow-control enabled and find that pressing the

interrupt key (usually C-c) does not interrupt the display until

another 6-8 lines have scrolled by, try running screen with the "inter-

rupt" option (add the "interrupt" flag to the "flow" command in your

.screenrc, or use the -ii command-line option). This causes the output

that screen has accumulated from the interrupted program to be flushed.

One disadvantage is that the virtual terminal's memory contains the

non-flushed version of the output, which in rare cases can cause minor

inaccuracies in the output. For example, if you switch screens and

return, or update the screen with "C-a l" you would see the version of

the output you would have gotten without "interrupt" being on. Also,

you might need to turn off flow-control (or use auto-flow mode to turn

it off automatically) when running a program that expects you to type the interrupt character as input, as it is possible to interrupt the

output of the virtual terminal to your physical terminal when flow-con-

trol is enabled. If this happens, a simple refresh of the screen with

"C-a l" will restore it. Give each mode a try, and use whichever mode

you find more comfortable. TTIITTLLEESS ((nnaammiinngg wwiinnddoowwss)) You can customize each window's name in the window display (viewed with

the "windows" command (C-a w)) by setting it with one of the title com-

mands. Normally the name displayed is the actual command name of the

program created in the window. However, it is sometimes useful to dis-

tinguish various programs of the same name or to change the name on-

the-fly to reflect the current state of the window.

The default name for all shell windows can be set with the "shelltitle"

command in the .screenrc file, while all other windows are created with

a "screen" command and thus can have their name set with the -tt option.

Interactively, there is the title-string escape-sequence

(kname\) and the "title" command (C-a A). The former can be

output from an application to control the window's name under software control, and the latter will prompt for a name when typed. You can

also bind pre-defined names to keys with the "title" command to set

things quickly without prompting.

Finally, screen has a shell-specific heuristic that is enabled by set-

ting the window's name to "search|name" and arranging to have a null

title escape-sequence output as a part of your prompt. The search por-

tion specifies an end-of-prompt search string, while the name portion

specifies the default shell name for the window. If the name ends in a

`:' screen will add what it believes to be the current command running

in the window to the end of the window's shell name (e.g. "name:cmd"). Otherwise the current command name supersedes the shell name while it is running. Here's how it works: you must modify your shell prompt to output a

null title-escape-sequence (k\) as a part of your prompt.

The last part of your prompt must be the same as the string you speci-

fied for the search portion of the title. Once this is set up, screen

will use the title-escape-sequence to clear the previous command name

and get ready for the next command. Then, when a newline is received from the shell, a search is made for the end of the prompt. If found, it will grab the first word after the matched string and use it as the

command name. If the command name begins with either '!', '%', or '^'

screen will use the first word on the following line (if found) in

preference to the just-found name. This helps csh users get better

command names when using job control or history recall commands.

Here's some .screenrc examples:

screen -t top 2 nice top

Adding this line to your .screenrc would start a nice-d version of the

"top" command in window 2 named "top" rather than "nice". shelltitle '> |csh'

screen 1

These commands would start a shell with the given shelltitle. The

title specified is an auto-title that would expect the prompt and the

typed command to look something like the following: /usr/joe/src/dir> trn (it looks after the '> ' for the command name). The window status would show the name "trn" while the command was running, and revert to "csh" upon completion.

bind R screen -t '% |root:' su

Having this command in your .screenrc would bind the key sequence "C-a

R" to the "su" command and give it an auto-title name of "root:". For

this auto-title to work, the screen could look something like this:

% !em

emacs file.c

Here the user typed the csh history command "!em" which ran the previ-

ously entered "emacs" command. The window status would show "root:emacs" during the execution of the command, and revert to simply "root:" at its completion. bind o title bind E title "" bind u title (unknown) The first binding doesn't have any arguments, so it would prompt you

for a title. when you type "C-a o". The second binding would clear an

auto-title's current setting (C-a E). The third binding would set the

current window's title to "(unknown)" (C-a u).

One thing to keep in mind when adding a null title-escape-sequence to

your prompt is that some shells (like the csh) count all the non-con-

trol characters as part of the prompt's length. If these invisible characters aren't a multiple of 8 then backspacing over a tab will result in an incorrect display. One way to get around this is to use a prompt like this:

set prompt='^[[0000m^[k^[\% '

The escape-sequence "[0000m" not only normalizes the character

attributes, but all the zeros round the length of the invisible charac-

ters up to 8. Bash users will probably want to echo the escape sequence in the PROMPTCOMMAND:

PROMPTCOMMAND='echo -n -e "\033k\033\134"'

(I used "134" to output a `\' because of a bug in bash v1.04). TTHHEE VVIIRRTTUUAALL TTEERRMMIINNAALL

Each window in a screen session emulates a VT100 terminal, with some

extra functions added. The VT100 emulator is hard-coded, no other ter-

minal types can be emulated.

Usually screen tries to emulate as much of the VT100/ANSI standard as

possible. But if your terminal lacks certain capabilities, the emula-

tion may not be complete. In these cases screen has to tell the appli-

cations that some of the features are missing. This is no problem on

machines using termcap, because screen can use the $TERMCAP variable to

customize the standard screen termcap.

But if you do a rlogin on another machine or your machine supports only

terminfo this method fails. Because of this, screen offers a way to

deal with these cases. Here is how it works:

When screen tries to figure out a terminal name for itself, it first

looks for an entry named "screen.", where is the contents

of your $TERM variable. If no such entry exists, screen tries "screen"

(or "screen-w" if the terminal is wide (132 cols or more)). If even

this entry cannot be found, "vt100" is used as a substitute.

The idea is that if you have a terminal which doesn't support an impor-

tant feature (e.g. delete char or clear to EOS) you can build a new

termcap/terminfo entry for screen (named "screen.") in which

this capability has been disabled. If this entry is installed on your

machines you are able to do a rlogin and still keep the correct term-

cap/terminfo entry. The terminal name is put in the $TERM variable of

all new windows. Screen also sets the $TERMCAP variable reflecting the

capabilities of the virtual terminal emulated. Notice that, however, on

machines using the terminfo database this variable has no effect. Fur-

thermore, the variable $WINDOW is set to the window number of each win-

dow. The actual set of capabilities supported by the virtual terminal depends on the capabilities supported by the physical terminal. If, for instance, the physical terminal does not support underscore mode,

screen does not put the `us' and `ue' capabilities into the window's

$TERMCAP variable, accordingly. However, a minimum number of capabili-

ties must be supported by a terminal in order to run screen; namely

scrolling, clear screen, and direct cursor addressing (in addition,

screen does not run on hardcopy terminals or on terminals that over-

strike).

Also, you can customize the $TERMCAP value used by screen by using the

"termcap" .screenrc command, or by defining the variable $SCREENCAP

prior to startup. When the is latter defined, its value will be copied

verbatim into each window's $TERMCAP variable. This can either be the

full terminal definition, or a filename where the terminal "screen"

(and/or "screen-w") is defined.

Note that screen honors the "terminfo" .screenrc command if the system

uses the terminfo database rather than termcap. When the boolean `G0' capability is present in the termcap entry for

the terminal on which screen has been called, the terminal emulation of

screen supports multiple character sets. This allows an application to

make use of, for instance, the VT100 graphics character set or national

character sets. The following control functions from ISO 2022 are sup-

ported: lock shift G0 (SI), lock shift G1 (SO), lock shift G2, lock

shift G3, single shift G2, and single shift G3. When a virtual termi-

nal is created or reset, the ASCII character set is designated as G0

through G3. When the `G0' capability is present, screen evaluates the

capabilities `S0', `E0', and `C0' if present. `S0' is the sequence the terminal uses to enable and start the graphics character set rather than SI. `E0' is the corresponding replacement for SO. `C0' gives a

character by character translation string that is used during semi-

graphics mode. This string is built like the `acsc' terminfo capabil-

ity.

When the `po' and `pf' capabilities are present in the terminal's term-

cap entry, applications running in a screen window can send output to

the printer port of the terminal. This allows a user to have an appli-

cation in one window sending output to a printer connected to the ter-

minal, while all other windows are still active (the printer port is

enabled and disabled again for each chunk of output). As a side-

effect, programs running in different windows can send output to the printer simultaneously. Data sent to the printer is not displayed in the window. The info command displays a line starting `PRIN' while the printer is active. Screen maintains a hardstatus line for every window. If a window gets

selected, the display's hardstatus will be updated to match the win-

dow's hardstatus line. If the display has no hardstatus the line will

be displayed as a standard screen message. The hardstatus line can be

changed with the ANSI Application Program Command (APC): "ESCESC\". As a convenience for xterm users the sequence "ESC]0..2;^G" is also accepted.

Some capabilities are only put into the $TERMCAP variable of the vir-

tual terminal if they can be efficiently implemented by the physical

terminal. For instance, `dl' (delete line) is only put into the $TERM-

CAP variable if the terminal supports either delete line itself or

scrolling regions. Note that this may provoke confusion, when the ses-

sion is reattached on a different terminal, as the value of $TERMCAP

cannot be modified by parent processes.

The "alternate screen" capability is not enabled by default. Set the

aallttssccrreeeenn .screenrc command to enable it.

The following is a list of control sequences recognized by screen.

"(V)" and "(A)" indicate VT100-specific and ANSI- or ISO-specific func-

tions, respectively. EESSCC EE Next Line EESSCC DD Index EESSCC MM Reverse Index EESSCC HH Horizontal Tab Set EESSCC ZZ Send VT100 Identification String EESSCC 77 (V) Save Cursor and Attributes EESSCC 88 (V) Restore Cursor and Attributes EESSCC [[ss (A) Save Cursor and Attributes EESSCC [[uu (A) Restore Cursor and Attributes EESSCC cc Reset to Initial State EESSCC gg Visual Bell EESSCC Pn pp Cursor Visibility (97801) Pn = 66 Invisible 77 Visible EESSCC == (V) Application Keypad Mode EESSCC >> (V) Numeric Keypad Mode

EESSCC ## 88 (V) Fill Screen with E's

EESSCC \\ (A) String Terminator EESSCC ^^ (A) Privacy Message String (Message Line) EESSCC !! Global Message String (Message Line) EESSCC kk A.k.a. Definition String EESSCC PP (A) Device Control String. Outputs a string

directly to the host terminal without inter-

pretation. EESSCC (A) Application Program Command (Hardstatus) EESSCC ]] 00 ;; ssttrriinngg ^^GG (A) Operating System Command (Hardstatus, xterm title hack)

EESSCC ]] 8833 ;; ccmmdd ^^GG (A) Execute screen command. This only works if

multi-user support is compiled into screen.

The pseudo-user ":window:" is used to check

the access control list. Use "addacl :win-

dow: -rwx #?" to create a user with no

rights and allow only the needed commands.

CCoonnttrrooll-NN (A) Lock Shift G1 (SO)

CCoonnttrrooll-OO (A) Lock Shift G0 (SI)

EESSCC nn (A) Lock Shift G2 EESSCC oo (A) Lock Shift G3 EESSCC NN (A) Single Shift G2 EESSCC OO (A) Single Shift G3 EESSCC (( Pcs (A) Designate character set as G0 EESSCC )) Pcs (A) Designate character set as G1 EESSCC ** Pcs (A) Designate character set as G2 EESSCC ++ Pcs (A) Designate character set as G3 EESSCC [[ Pn ;; Pn HH Direct Cursor Addressing EESSCC [[ Pn ;; Pn ff same as above EESSCC [[ Pn JJ Erase in Display Pn = None or 00 From Cursor to End of Screen 11 From Beginning of Screen to Cursor 22 Entire Screen EESSCC [[ Pn KK Erase in Line Pn = None or 00 From Cursor to End of Line 11 From Beginning of Line to Cursor 22 Entire Line EESSCC [[ Pn XX Erase character EESSCC [[ Pn AA Cursor Up EESSCC [[ Pn BB Cursor Down EESSCC [[ Pn CC Cursor Right EESSCC [[ Pn DD Cursor Left EESSCC [[ Pn EE Cursor next line EESSCC [[ Pn FF Cursor previous line EESSCC [[ Pn GG Cursor horizontal position EESSCC [[ Pn `` same as above EESSCC [[ Pn dd Cursor vertical position EESSCC [[ Ps ;;...;; Ps mm Select Graphic Rendition Ps = None or 00 Default Rendition 11 Bold 22 (A) Faint 33 (A) Standout Mode (ANSI: Italicized) 44 Underlined 55 Blinking 77 Negative Image 2222 (A) Normal Intensity 2233 (A) Standout Mode off (ANSI: Italicized off) 2244 (A) Not Underlined 2255 (A) Not Blinking 2277 (A) Positive Image 3300 (A) Foreground Black 3311 (A) Foreground Red 3322 (A) Foreground Green 3333 (A) Foreground Yellow 3344 (A) Foreground Blue 3355 (A) Foreground Magenta 3366 (A) Foreground Cyan 3377 (A) Foreground White 3399 (A) Foreground Default 4400 (A) Background Black ...... 4499 (A) Background Default EESSCC [[ Pn gg Tab Clear Pn = None or 00 Clear Tab at Current Position 33 Clear All Tabs EESSCC [[ Pn ;; Pn rr (V) Set Scrolling Region EESSCC [[ Pn II (A) Horizontal Tab EESSCC [[ Pn ZZ (A) Backward Tab EESSCC [[ Pn LL (A) Insert Line EESSCC [[ Pn MM (A) Delete Line EESSCC [[ Pn @@ (A) Insert Character EESSCC [[ Pn PP (A) Delete Character EESSCC [[ Pn SS Scroll Scrolling Region Up EESSCC [[ Pn TT Scroll Scrolling Region Down EESSCC [[ Pn ^^ same as above EESSCC [[ Ps ;;...;; Ps hh Set Mode EESSCC [[ Ps ;;...;; Ps ll Reset Mode Ps = 44 (A) Insert Mode 2200 (A) Automatic Linefeed Mode 3344 Normal Cursor Visibility ??11 (V) Application Cursor Keys ??33 (V) Change Terminal Width to 132 columns ??55 (V) Reverse Video ??66 (V) Origin Mode ??77 (V) Wrap Mode ??99 X10 mouse tracking ??2255 (V) Visible Cursor ??4477 Alternate Screen (old xterm code) ??11000000 (V) VT200 mouse tracking ??11004477 Alternate Screen (new xterm code) ??11004499 Alternate Screen (new xterm code) EESSCC [[ 55 ii (A) Start relay to printer (ANSI Media Copy) EESSCC [[ 44 ii (A) Stop relay to printer (ANSI Media Copy) EESSCC [[ 88 ;; Ph ;; Pw tt Resize the window to `Ph' lines and `Pw' columns (SunView special) EESSCC [[ cc Send VT100 Identification String EESSCC [[ xx Send Terminal Parameter Report EESSCC [[ >> cc Send VT220 Secondary Device Attributes String EESSCC [[ 66 nn Send Cursor Position Report IINNPPUUTT TTRRAANNSSLLAATTIIOONN

In order to do a full VT100 emulation screen has to detect that a

sequence of characters in the input stream was generated by a keypress on the user's keyboard and insert the VT100 style escape sequence. Screen has a very flexible way of doing this by making it possible to

map arbitrary commands on arbitrary sequences of characters. For stan-

dard VT100 emulation the command will always insert a string in the

input buffer of the window (see also command ssttuuffff in the command ta-

ble). Because the sequences generated by a keypress can change after a

reattach from a different terminal type, it is possible to bind com-

mands to the termcap name of the keys. Screen will insert the correct binding after each reattach. See the bbiinnddkkeeyy command for further details on the syntax and examples.

Here is the table of the default key bindings. (A) means that the com-

mand is executed if the keyboard is switched into application mode. Key name Termcap name Command Cursor up ku stuff \033[A stuff \033OA (A) Cursor down kd stuff \033[B stuff \033OB (A) Cursor right kr stuff \033[C stuff \033OC (A) Cursor left kl stuff \033[D stuff \033OD (A) Function key 0 k0 stuff \033[10~ Function key 1 k1 stuff \033OP Function key 2 k2 stuff \033OQ Function key 3 k3 stuff \033OR Function key 4 k4 stuff \033OS Function key 5 k5 stuff \033[15~ Function key 6 k6 stuff \033[17~ Function key 7 k7 stuff \033[18~ Function key 8 k8 stuff \033[19~ Function key 9 k9 stuff \033[20~ Function key 10 k; stuff \033[21~ Function key 11 F1 stuff \033[23~ Function key 12 F2 stuff \033[24~ Home kh stuff \033[1~ End kH stuff \033[4~ Insert kI stuff \033[2~ Delete kD stuff \033[3~ Page up kP stuff \033[5~ Page down kN stuff \033[6~ Keypad 0 f0 stuff 0 stuff \033Op (A) Keypad 1 f1 stuff 1 stuff \033Oq (A) Keypad 2 f2 stuff 2 stuff \033Or (A) Keypad 3 f3 stuff 3 stuff \033Os (A) Keypad 4 f4 stuff 4 stuff \033Ot (A) Keypad 5 f5 stuff 5 stuff \033Ou (A) Keypad 6 f6 stuff 6 stuff \033Ov (A) Keypad 7 f7 stuff 7 stuff \033Ow (A) Keypad 8 f8 stuff 8 stuff \033Ox (A) Keypad 9 f9 stuff 9 stuff \033Oy (A) Keypad + f+ stuff + stuff \033Ok (A)

Keypad - f- stuff -

stuff \033Om (A) Keypad * f* stuff * stuff \033Oj (A) Keypad / f/ stuff / stuff \033Oo (A) Keypad = fq stuff = stuff \033OX (A) Keypad . f. stuff . stuff \033On (A) Keypad , f, stuff , stuff \033Ol (A) Keypad enter fe stuff \015 stuff \033OM (A) SSPPEECCIIAALL TTEERRMMIINNAALL CCAAPPAABBIILLIITTIIEESS

The following table describes all terminal capabilities that are recog-

nized by screen and are not in the termcap(5) manual. You can place

these capabilities in your termcap entries (in `/etc/termcap') or use them with the commands `termcap', `terminfo' and `termcapinfo' in your

screenrc files. It is often not possible to place these capabilities in

the terminfo database. LLPP (bool) Terminal has VT100 style margins (`magic margins'). Note

that this capability is obsolete because screen uses the

standard 'xn' instead. ZZ00 (str) Change width to 132 columns. ZZ11 (str) Change width to 80 columns. WWSS (str) Resize display. This capability has the desired width and

height as arguments. SunView(tm) example: '\E[8;%d;%dt'.

NNFF (bool) Terminal doesn't need flow control. Send ^S and ^Q direct to the application. Same as 'flow off'. The opposite of this capability is 'nx'. GG00 (bool) Terminal can deal with ISO 2022 font selection sequences. SS00 (str) Switch charset 'G0' to the specified charset. Default is

'\E(%.'.

EE00 (str) Switch charset 'G0' back to standard charset. Default is '\E(B'. CC00 (str) Use the string as a conversion table for font '0'. See the 'ac' capability for more details.

CCSS (str) Switch cursor-keys to application mode.

CCEE (str) Switch cursor-keys back to normal mode.

AANN (bool) Turn on autonuke. See the 'autonuke' command for more details. OOLL (num) Set the output buffer limit. See the 'obuflimit' command for more details.

KKJJ (str) Set the encoding of the terminal. See the 'encoding' com-

mand for valid encodings. AAFF (str) Change character foreground color in an ANSI conform way.

This capability will almost always be set to '\E[3%dm'

('\E[3%p1%dm' on terminfo machines).

AABB (str) Same as 'AF', but change background color. AAXX (bool) Does understand ANSI set default fg/bg color (\E[39m / \E[49m). XXCC (str) Describe a translation of characters to strings depending

on the current font. More details follow in the next sec-

tion. XXTT (bool) Terminal understands special xterm sequences (OSC, mouse tracking).

CC88 (bool) Terminal needs bold to display high-intensity colors (e.g.

Eterm). TTFF (bool) Add missing capabilities to the termcap/info entry. (Set by default). CCHHAARRAACCTTEERR TTRRAANNSSLLAATTIIOONN Screen has a powerful mechanism to translate characters to arbitrary

strings depending on the current font and terminal type. Use this fea-

ture if you want to work with a common standard character set (say

ISO8851-latin1) even on terminals that scatter the more unusual charac-

ters over several national language font pages. Syntax:

XXCC=={,,,,}