Manual Pages for UNIX Darwin command on man rrestore

RESTORE(8) BSD System Manager's Manual RESTORE(8)

NAME

rreessttoorree - restore files or file systems from backups made with dump

SYNOPSIS

rreessttoorree -ii [-cchhmmvvyy] [-bb blocksize] [-ff file] [-ss fileno]

rreessttoorree -RR [-ccvvyy] [-bb blocksize] [-ff file] [-ss fileno]

rreessttoorree -rr [-ccvvyy] [-bb blocksize] [-ff file] [-ss fileno]

rreessttoorree -tt [-cchhvvyy] [-bb blocksize] [-ff file] [-ss fileno] [file ...]

rreessttoorree -xx [-cchhmmvvyy] [-bb blocksize] [-ff file] [-ss fileno] [file ...]

(The 4.3BSD option syntax is implemented for backward compatibility, but is not documented here.)

DESCRIPTION

The rreessttoorree command performs the inverse function of dump(8). A full

backup of a file system may be restored and subsequent incremental back-

ups layered on top of it. Single files and directory subtrees may be restored from full or partial backups. RReessttoorree works across a network;

to do this see the -ff flag described below. Other arguments to the com-

mand are file or directory names specifying the files that are to be

restored. Unless the -hh flag is specified (see below), the appearance of

a directory name refers to the files and (recursively) subdirectories of that directory. Exactly one of the following flags is required:

-ii This mode allows interactive restoration of files from a dump.

After reading in the directory information from the dump, rreessttoorree provides a shell like interface that allows the user to move around the directory tree selecting files to be extracted. The available commands are given below; for those commands that require an argument, the default is the current directory. aadddd [arg] The current directory or specified argument is added to the list of files to be extracted. If a directory is specified, then it and all its descendents are

added to the extraction list (unless the -hh flag is

specified on the command line). Files that are on the extraction list are prepended with a ``*'' when they are listed by llss. ccdd arg Change the current working directory to the specified argument. ddeelleettee [arg] The current directory or specified argument is deleted from the list of files to be extracted. If a

directory is specified, then it and all its descen-

dents are deleted from the extraction list (unless

the -hh flag is specified on the command line). The

most expedient way to extract most of the files from a directory is to add the directory to the extraction list and then delete those files that are not needed. eexxttrraacctt All the files that are on the extraction list are

extracted from the dump. RReessttoorree will ask which vol-

ume the user wishes to mount. The fastest way to extract a few files is to start with the last volume, and work towards the first volume. hheellpp List a summary of the available commands. llss [arg] List the current or specified directory. Entries that are directories are appended with a ``/''. Entries that have been marked for extraction are prepended with a ``*''. If the verbose flag is set the inode number of each entry is also listed.

ppwwdd Print the full pathname of the current working direc-

tory. qquuiitt Restore immediately exits, even if the extraction list is not empty. sseettmmooddeess All the directories that have been added to the extraction list have their owner, modes, and times set; nothing is extracted from the dump. This is

useful for cleaning up after a restore has been pre-

maturely aborted.

vveerrbboossee The sense of the -vv flag is toggled. When set, the

verbose flag causes the llss command to list the inode numbers of all entries. It also causes rreessttoorree to print out information about each file as it is extracted.

-RR RReessttoorree requests a particular tape of a multi volume set on which

to restart a full restore (see the -rr flag below). This is use-

ful if the restore has been interrupted.

-rr Restore (rebuild a file system). The target file system should

be made pristine with newfs(8), mounted and the user cd'd into the pristine file system before starting the restoration of the initial level 0 backup. If the level 0 restores successfully, the

-rr flag may be used to restore any necessary incremental backups

on top of the level 0. The -rr flag precludes an interactive file

extraction and can be detrimental to one's health if not used carefully (not to mention the disk). An example: newfs /dev/rrp0g eagle mount /dev/rp0g /mnt cd /mnt restore rf /dev/rst8 Note that rreessttoorree leaves a file restoresymtable in the root directory to pass information between incremental restore passes. This file should be removed when the last incremental has been restored. RReessttoorree, in conjunction with newfs(8) and dump(8), may be used to modify file system parameters such as size or block size.

-tt The names of the specified files are listed if they occur on the

backup. If no file argument is given, then the root directory is listed, which results in the entire content of the backup being

listed, unless the -hh flag has been specified. Note that the -tt

flag replaces the function of the old dumpdir(8) program.

-xx The named files are read from the given media. If a named file

matches a directory whose contents are on the backup and the -hh

flag is not specified, the directory is recursively extracted.

The owner, modification time, and mode are restored (if possi-

ble). If no file argument is given, then the root directory is extracted, which results in the entire content of the backup

being extracted, unless the -hh flag has been specified.

The following additional options may be specified:

-bb blocksize

The number of kilobytes per dump record. If the -bb option is not

specified, rreessttoorree tries to determine the block size dynamically.

-cc Normally, rreessttoorree will try to determine dynamically whether the

dump was made from an old (pre-4.4) or new format file system.

The -cc flag disables this check, and only allows reading a dump

in the old format.

-ff file

Read the backup from file; file may be a special device file like /dev/rmt12 (a tape drive), /dev/rsd1c (a disk drive), an ordinary

file, or `-' (the standard input). If the name of the file is of

the form ``host:file'', or ``user@host:file'', rreessttoorree reads from the named file on the remote host using rmt(8).

-hh Extract the actual directory, rather than the files that it ref-

erences. This prevents hierarchical restoration of complete sub-

trees from the dump.

-mm Extract by inode numbers rather than by file name. This is use-

ful if only a few files are being extracted, and one wants to avoid regenerating the complete pathname to the file.

-ss fileno

Read from the specified fileno on a multi-file tape. File num-

bering starts at 1.

-vv Normally rreessttoorree does its work silently. The -vv (verbose) flag

causes it to type the name of each file it treats preceded by its file type.

-yy Do not ask the user whether to abort the restore in the event of

an error. Always try to skip over the bad block(s) and continue. DIAGNOSTICS

Complaints if it gets a read error. If -yy has been specified, or the

user responds `y', rreessttoorree will attempt to continue the restore. If a backup was made using more than one tape volume, rreessttoorree will notify

the user when it is time to mount the next volume. If the -xx or -ii flag

has been specified, rreessttoorree will also ask which volume the user wishes to mount. The fastest way to extract a few files is to start with the last volume, and work towards the first volume. There are numerous consistency checks that can be listed by rreessttoorree.

Most checks are self-explanatory or can ``never happen''. Common errors

are given below. Converting to new file system format. A dump tape created from the old file system has been loaded. It is automatically converted to the new file system format. : not found on tape The specified file name was listed in the tape directory, but was not found on the tape. This is caused by tape read errors while looking for the file, and from using a dump tape created on an active file system. expected next file , got A file that was not listed in the directory showed up. This can occur when using a dump created on an active file system. Incremental dump too low When doing incremental restore, a dump that was written before the previous incremental dump, or that has too low an incremental level has been loaded. Incremental dump too high When doing incremental restore, a dump that does not begin its coverage where the previous incremental dump left off, or that has too high an incremental level has been loaded. Tape read error while restoring Tape read error while skipping over inode Tape read error while trying to resynchronize A tape (or other media) read error has occurred. If a file name is specified, then its contents are probably partially wrong. If an inode is being skipped or the tape is trying to resynchronize, then no extracted files have been corrupted, though files may not be found on the tape. resync restore, skipped blocks After a dump read error, rreessttoorree may have to resynchronize itself. This message lists the number of blocks that were skipped over. FILES /dev/rmt? the default tape drive /tmp/rstdir* file containing directories on the tape. /tmp/rstmode* owner, mode, and time stamps for directories. ./restoresymtable information passed between incremental restores.

BUGS

RReessttoorree can get confused when doing incremental restores from dumps that were made on active file systems. A level zero dump must be done after a full restore. Because restore runs in user code, it has no control over inode allocation; thus a full dump must be done to get a new set of directories reflecting the new inode numbering, even though the contents of the files is unchanged. HISTORY The rreessttoorree command appeared in 4.2BSD. 4th Berkeley Distribution May 1, 1995 4th Berkeley Distribution