Manual Pages for UNIX Darwin command on man perltoc

PERLTOC(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLTOC(1)

NAME

perltoc - perl documentation table of contents

DESCRIPTION

This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped through to locate the proper section you're looking for. BBAASSIICC DDOOCCUUMMEENNTTAATTIIOONN

ppeerrll - PPrraaccttiiccaall EExxttrraaccttiioonn aanndd RReeppoorrtt LLaanngguuaaggee

SYNOPSIS

Overview Tutorials Reference Manual Internals and C Language Interface Miscellaneous

Language-Specific

Platform-Specific

DESCRIPTION

AVAILABILITY ENVIRONMENT AUTHOR FILES

BUGS

NOTES

ppeerrlliinnttrroo -- aa bbrriieeff iinnttrroodduuccttiioonn aanndd oovveerrvviieeww ooff PPeerrll

DESCRIPTION

What is Perl? Running Perl programs Basic syntax overview Perl variable types Scalars, Arrays, Hashes Variable scoping Conditional and looping constructs if, while, for, foreach Builtin operators and functions Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic, Miscellaneous Files and I/O Regular expressions Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions, Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features Writing subroutines OO Perl Using Perl modules AUTHOR

ppeerrllrreeffttuutt - MMaarrkk''ss vveerryy sshhoorrtt ttuuttoorriiaall aabboouutt rreeffeerreenncceess

DESCRIPTION

Who Needs Complicated Data Structures? The Solution Syntax Making References Using References An Example Arrow Rule Solution The Rest Summary Credits Distribution Conditions

ppeerrllddsscc - PPeerrll DDaattaa SSttrruuccttuurreess CCooookkbbooookk

DESCRIPTION

arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes, more elaborate constructs REFERENCES COMMON MISTAKES CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS "use strict" DEBUGGING

CODE EXAMPLES

ARRAYS OF ARRAYS Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS HASHES OF ARRAYS Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS ARRAYS OF HASHES Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES HASHES OF HASHES Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES Generation of a HASH OF HASHES Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES MORE ELABORATE RECORDS Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS Database Ties

DESCRIPTION

Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays Growing Your Own Access and Printing Slices

DESCRIPTION

The Guide Simple word matching Using character classes Matching this or that Grouping things and hierarchical matching Extracting matches Matching repetitions More matching Search and replace The split operator

BUGS

DESCRIPTION

Part 1: The basics Simple word matching Using character classes Matching this or that Grouping things and hierarchical matching Extracting matches Matching repetitions Building a regexp Using regular expressions in Perl Part 2: Power tools More on characters, strings, and character classes Compiling and saving regular expressions Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression

Non-capturing groupings

Looking ahead and looking behind Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking Conditional expressions A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression Pragmas and debugging

BUGS

DESCRIPTION

If we could talk to the animals... Introducing the method invocation arrow Invoking a barnyard The extra parameter of method invocation Calling a second method to simplify things Inheriting the windpipes A few notes about @ISA Overriding the methods Starting the search from a different place The SUPER way of doing things Where we're at so far...

A horse is a horse, of course of course - or is it?

Invoking an instance method Accessing the instance data How to build a horse Inheriting the constructor Making a method work with either classes or instances Adding parameters to a method More interesting instances A horse of a different color Summary

DESCRIPTION

Creating a Class Object Representation Class Interface Constructors and Instance Methods Planning for the Future: Better Constructors Destructors Other Object Methods Class Data Accessing Class Data Debugging Methods Class Destructors Documenting the Interface Aggregation Inheritance Overridden Methods Multiple Inheritance UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects Alternate Object Representations Arrays as Objects Closures as Objects AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods Autoloaded Data Methods Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods Metaclassical Tools Class::Struct Data Members as Variables

NOTES

Object Terminology

DESCRIPTION

Class Data in a Can Class Data as Package Variables Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket Inheritance Concerns

The Eponymous Meta-Object

Indirect References to Class Data Monadic Classes Translucent Attributes Class Data as Lexical Variables Privacy and Responsibility

File-Scoped Lexicals

More Inheritance Concerns Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key Translucency Revisited

NOTES

DESCRIPTION

OO SCALING TIPS INSTANCE VARIABLES SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM THINKING OF CODE REUSE

CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT

INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR DELEGATION

DESCRIPTION

ppeerrllcchheeaatt - PPeerrll 55 CChheeaatt SShheeeett

DESCRIPTION

The sheet ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AUTHOR

DESCRIPTION

Awk Traps C/C++ Traps Sed Traps Shell Traps Perl Traps Perl4 to Perl5 Traps Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps,

Numerical Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps -

scalar, list contexts, Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc, Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps

Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontin-

uance, Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,

BugFix, Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontin-

uance Parsing Traps Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing Numerical Traps Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops General data type traps (Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String), (Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)

Context Traps - scalar, list contexts

(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin) Precedence Traps Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc. Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps (Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle OS Traps (SysV), (SysV) Interpolation Traps Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation DBM Traps DBM, DBM Unclassified Traps "require"/"do" trap using returned value, "split" on empty string with LIMIT specified

ppeerrllddeebbttuutt - PPeerrll ddeebbuuggggiinngg ttuuttoorriiaall

DESCRIPTION

use strict

Looking at data and -w and v

help Stepping through code Placeholder for a, w, t, T REGULAR EXPRESSIONS

OUTPUT TIPS

CGI GUIs SUMMARY

DESCRIPTION

Where to get the perlfaq How to contribute to the perlfaq What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the authors Credits Author and Copyright Information Bundled Distributions Disclaimer Table of Contents

perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl,

perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Program-

ming Tools, perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and For-

mats, perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Lan-

guage Issues, perlfaq8 - System Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking

The Questions perlfaq1: General Questions About Perl perlfaq2: Obtaining and Learning about Perl perlfaq3: Programming Tools perlfaq4: Data Manipulation perlfaq5: Files and Formats perlfaq6: Regular Expressions perlfaq7: General Perl Language Issues perlfaq8: System Interaction perlfaq9: Networking

ppeerrllffaaqq11 - GGeenneerraall QQuueessttiioonnss AAbboouutt PPeerrll (($$RReevviissiioonn:: 11..1144 $$,, $$DDaattee::

22000033//1111//2233 0088::0022::2299 $$))

DESCRIPTION

What is Perl? Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free? Which version of Perl should I use? What are perl4 and perl5? What is Ponie? What is perl6? How stable is Perl? Is Perl difficult to learn? How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX, Scheme, or Tcl? Can I do [task] in Perl? When shouldn't I program in Perl? What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"? Is it a Perl program or a Perl script? What is a JAPH? Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms? How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version 5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

ppeerrllffaaqq22 - OObbttaaiinniinngg aanndd LLeeaarrnniinngg aabboouutt PPeerrll (($$RReevviissiioonn:: 11..2255 $$,, $$DDaattee::

22000033//1100//1166 0044::5577::3388 $$))

DESCRIPTION

What machines support Perl? Where do I get it? How can I get a binary version of Perl? I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl? I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts don't work.

I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic load-

ing/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work? What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN? What does CPAN/src/... mean? Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl? Where can I get information on Perl? What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions? Where should I post source code? Perl Books

References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics

Perl in Magazines Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access What mailing lists are there for Perl? Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl? Where do I send bug reports? What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

ppeerrllffaaqq33 - PPrrooggrraammmmiinngg TToooollss (($$RReevviissiioonn:: 11..3377 $$,, $$DDaattee:: 22000033//1111//2244

1199::5555::5500 $$))

DESCRIPTION

How do I do (anything)? How can I use Perl interactively? Is there a Perl shell? How do I find which modules are installed on my system? How do I debug my Perl programs? How do I profile my Perl programs?

How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?

Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?

Is there a ctags for Perl? Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor? Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha Where can I get Perl macros for vi?

Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?

How can I use curses with Perl? How can I use X or Tk with Perl? How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk? How can I make my Perl program run faster? How can I make my Perl program take less memory? Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary

quotes and stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large vari-

ables to disk Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data? How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks? How can I make my CGI script more efficient? How can I hide the source for my Perl program? How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C? How can I compile Perl into Java?

How can I get "#!perl" to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?

Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?

Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?

Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?

Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?

Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp] I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C program; what am I doing wrong? When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean? What's MakeMaker? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

ppeerrllffaaqq44 - DDaattaa MMaanniippuullaattiioonn (($$RReevviissiioonn:: 11..5544 $$,, $$DDaattee:: 22000033//1111//3300

0000::5500::0088 $$))

DESCRIPTION

Data: Numbers Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)? Why is int() broken? Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly? Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()? Trig functions? How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes? How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to

decimal, How do I convert from decimal to octal, How do I con-

vert from binary to decimal, How do I convert from decimal to binary Why doesn't & work the way I want it to? How do I multiply matrices? How do I perform an operation on a series of integers? How can I output Roman numerals? Why aren't my random numbers random? How do I get a random number between X and Y? Data: Dates How do I find the day or week of the year? How do I find the current century or millennium? How can I compare two dates and find the difference? How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds? How can I find the Julian Day? How do I find yesterday's date? Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant? Data: Strings How do I validate input? How do I unescape a string? How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters? How do I expand function calls in a string? How do I find matching/nesting anything? How do I reverse a string? How do I expand tabs in a string? How do I reformat a paragraph? How can I access or change N characters of a string? How do I change the Nth occurrence of something? How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a string? How do I capitalize all the words on one line? How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside [character]? How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string? How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes? How do I extract selected columns from a string? How do I find the soundex value of a string? How can I expand variables in text strings?

What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?

Why don't my < What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?

How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array? a), b), c), d), e) How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or array? How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the intersection of two arrays? How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal? How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true? How do I handle linked lists? How do I handle circular lists? How do I shuffle an array randomly? How do I process/modify each element of an array? How do I select a random element from an array? How do I permute N elements of a list? How do I sort an array by (anything)? How do I manipulate arrays of bits? Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes? Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays) How do I process an entire hash? What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over it? How do I look up a hash element by value? How can I know how many entries are in a hash? How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)? How can I always keep my hash sorted? What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes? Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?

How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?

How can I get the unique keys from two hashes? How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file? How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it? Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create it? How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or array of hashes or arrays? How can I use a reference as a hash key? Data: Misc How do I handle binary data correctly?

How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/inte-

ger/float? How do I keep persistent data across program calls? How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure? How do I define methods for every class/object? How do I verify a credit card checksum? How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

ppeerrllffaaqq55 - FFiilleess aanndd FFoorrmmaattss (($$RReevviissiioonn:: 11..3300 $$,, $$DDaattee:: 22000033//1111//2233

0088::0077::4466 $$))

DESCRIPTION

How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this? How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file? How do I count the number of lines in a file?

How can I use Perl's "-i" option from within a program?

How do I make a temporary file name?

How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?

How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass

filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of file-

handles? How can I use a filehandle indirectly? How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()? How can I write() into a string? How can I output my numbers with commas added? How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?

How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?

Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>? Is there a leak/bug in glob()? How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks? How can I reliably rename a file? How can I lock a file? Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")? I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in the file. How can I do this? All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a file. Do I still have to use locking? How do I randomly update a binary file? How do I get a file's timestamp in perl? How do I set a file's timestamp in perl? How do I print to more than one file at once? How can I read in an entire file all at once? How can I read in a file by paragraphs? How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard? How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?

How do I do a "tail -f" in perl?

How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl? How do I close a file descriptor by number? Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't `C:\temp\foo.exe` work? Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?

Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does "-i" clobber

protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl? How do I select a random line from a file? Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

ppeerrllffaaqq66 - RReegguullaarr EExxpprreessssiioonnss (($$RReevviissiioonn:: 11..2200 $$,, $$DDaattee:: 22000033//0011//0033

2200::0055::2288 $$))

DESCRIPTION

How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegi-

ble and unmaintainable code?

Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Differ-

ent Delimiters I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong? How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on different lines?

I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's

wrong? How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving case on the RHS? How can I make "\w" match national character sets?

How can I match a locale-smart version of "/[a-zA-Z]/"?

How can I quote a variable to use in a regex? What is "/o" really for? How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a file? Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text? What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it? How do I process each word on each line?

How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?

How can I do approximate matching? How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?

Why don't word-boundary searches with "\b" work for me?

Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?

What good is "\G" in a regular expression? Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant? What's wrong with using grep in a void context? How can I match strings with multibyte characters? How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

ppeerrllffaaqq77 - GGeenneerraall PPeerrll LLaanngguuaaggee IIssssuueess (($$RReevviissiioonn:: 11..1155 $$,, $$DDaattee::

22000033//0077//2244 0022::1177::2211 $$))

DESCRIPTION

Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?

What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when

to use them? Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and commas? How do I skip some return values? How do I temporarily block warnings? What's an extension? Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators? How do I declare/create a structure? How do I create a module? How do I create a class? How can I tell if a variable is tainted? What's a closure? What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it? How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method, Regex}? Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes, Passing Methods How do I create a static variable? What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping? Between local() and my()? How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical is in scope? What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?

Why doesn't "my($foo) = ;" work right?

How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method? What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()? How do I create a switch or case statement? How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or methods? Why can't a method included in this same file be found? How can I find out my current package? How can I comment out a large block of perl code? How do I clear a package? How can I use a variable as a variable name? What does "bad interpreter" mean? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

ppeerrllffaaqq88 - SSyysstteemm IInntteerraaccttiioonn (($$RReevviissiioonn:: 11..1177 $$,, $$DDaattee:: 22000033//0011//2266

1177::4444::0044 $$))

DESCRIPTION

How do I find out which operating system I'm running under? How come exec() doesn't return? How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse? Keyboard, Screen, Mouse How do I print something out in color? How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key? How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard? How do I clear the screen? How do I get the screen size? How do I ask the user for a password? How do I read and write the serial port?

lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-block-

ing input How do I decode encrypted password files? How do I start a process in the background? STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies How do I trap control characters/signals? How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system? How do I set the time and date? How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second? How can I measure time under a second?

How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception han-

dling) Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean? How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl? Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()? Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems? How can I open a pipe both to and from a command? Why can't I get the output of a command with system()? How can I capture STDERR from an external command? Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails? What's wrong with using backticks in a void context? How can I call backticks without shell processing? Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on

Unix, ^Z on MS-DOS)?

How can I convert my shell script to perl? Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session? How can I write expect in Perl? Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as "ps"? I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my changes to be visible? Unix How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to complete? How do I fork a daemon process? How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not? How do I timeout a slow event? How do I set CPU limits? How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system? How do I use an SQL database?

How do I make a system() exit on control-C?

How do I open a file without blocking? How do I install a module from CPAN? What's the difference between require and use? How do I keep my own module/library directory?

How do I add the directory my program lives in to the mod-

ule/library search path? How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime? What is socket.ph and where do I get it? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

ppeerrllffaaqq99 - NNeettwwoorrkkiinngg (($$RReevviissiioonn:: 11..1155 $$,, $$DDaattee:: 22000033//0011//3311 1177::3366::5577 $$))

DESCRIPTION

What is the correct form of response from a CGI script? My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500 Server Error) How can I get better error messages from a CGI program? How do I remove HTML from a string? How do I extract URLs? How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a file on another machine?

How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?

How do I fetch an HTML file? How do I automate an HTML form submission?

How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?

How do I redirect to another page? How do I put a password on my web pages? How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl? How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my CGI script to do bad things? How do I parse a mail header? How do I decode a CGI form? How do I check a valid mail address? How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string? How do I return the user's mail address? How do I send mail? How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message? How do I read mail? How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address? How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups? How do I fetch/put an FTP file? How can I do RPC in Perl? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT

ppeerrllssyynn - PPeerrll ssyynnttaaxx

DESCRIPTION

Declarations Comments Simple Statements Truth and Falsehood Statement Modifiers Compound Statements Loop Control For Loops Foreach Loops Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements Goto PODs: Embedded Documentation Plain Old Comments (Not!)

ppeerrllddaattaa - PPeerrll ddaattaa ttyyppeess

DESCRIPTION

Variable names Context Scalar values Scalar value constructors List value constructors Subscripts Slices Typeglobs and Filehandles

DESCRIPTION

Operator Precedence and Associativity Terms and List Operators (Leftward) The Arrow Operator

Auto-increment and Auto-decrement

Exponentiation Symbolic Unary Operators Binding Operators Multiplicative Operators Additive Operators Shift Operators Named Unary Operators Relational Operators Equality Operators Bitwise And Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or

C-style Logical And

C-style Logical Or

Range Operators Conditional Operator Assignment Operators Comma Operator List Operators (Rightward) Logical Not Logical And Logical or and Exclusive Or C Operators Missing From Perl unary &, unary *, (TYPE)

Quote and Quote-like Operators

Regexp Quote-Like Operators

?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, 'STRING', qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/,

`STRING`, qw/STRING/, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCH-

LIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <", "?RE?", "/RE/", "m/RE/", "s/RE/foo/",, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of regular expressions I/O Operators Constant Folding

No-ops

Bitwise String Operators Integer Arithmetic

Floating-point Arithmetic

Bigger Numbers

ppeerrllssuubb - PPeerrll ssuubbrroouuttiinneess

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

Private Variables via my() Persistent Private Variables Temporary Values via local() Lvalue subroutines Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs) When to Still Use local() Pass by Reference Prototypes Constant Functions

Overriding Built-in Functions

Autoloading Subroutine Attributes

DESCRIPTION

Perl Functions by Category

Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pat-

tern matching, Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs,

Functions for list data, Functions for real %HASHes, Input and

output functions, Functions for fixed length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories, Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords

related to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for pro-

cesses and process groups, Keywords related to perl modules,

Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness, Low-level

socket functions, System V interprocess communication func-

tions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network info,

Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obso-

leted in perl5 Portability Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions

-X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, abs VALUE, abs, accept NEW-

SOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind

SOCKET,NAME, binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE,

bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir

EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER, chr,

chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir

DIRHANDLE, connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos,

crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK,

defined EXPR, defined, delete EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUB-

ROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump, each HASH, eof FILE-

HANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl

FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHAN-

DLE,OPERATION, fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILE-

HANDLE, getc, getlogin, getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getp-

pid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, geth-

ostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getp-

wuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr

ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber

NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethos-

tent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET, getsockopt

SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,

goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex

EXPR, hex, import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST, last LABEL, last, lc

EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length, link OLD-

FILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR, lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map

BLOCK LIST, map EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME,

msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no

Module, oct EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHAN-

DLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHAN-

DLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR : ATTRS, our

TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE, pack-

age, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR,

pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHAN-

DLE FORMAT, LIST, printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta, rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR, readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL,

redo, ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION,

require EXPR, require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION,

rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME, rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR,

seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt

SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY, shift, shmctl

ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL,

socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME

LIST, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFF-

SET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH, splice ARRAY,OFF-

SET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split /PAT-

TERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, for-

mat parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, pre-

cision, or maximum width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat,

study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) BLOCK,

sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr

EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, sub-

str EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall NUMBER, LIST,

sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILE-

NAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sys-

read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek FILEHANDLE,POSI-

TION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILE-

HANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir

DIRHANDLE, tie VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time,

times, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR, ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie

VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST, use Mod-

ule VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST, values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///

ppeerrllooppeennttuutt - ttuuttoorriiaall oonn ooppeenniinngg tthhiinnggss iinn PPeerrll

DESCRIPTION

Open A la shell Simple Opens Indirect Filehandles Pipe Opens The Minus File Mixing Reads and Writes Filters Open A la C Permissions A la mode Obscure Open Tricks

Re-Opening Files (dups)

Dispelling the Dweomer Paths as Opens Single Argument Open Playing with STDIN and STDOUT Other I/O Issues

Opening Non-File Files

Opening Named Pipes Opening Sockets Binary Files File Locking IO Layers

DESCRIPTION

The Basic Principle Packing Text Packing Numbers Integers Unpacking a Stack Frame How to Eat an Egg on a Net Floating point Numbers Exotic Templates Bit Strings Uuencoding Doing Sums Unicode Another Portable Binary Encoding Template Grouping Lengths and Widths String Lengths Dynamic Templates Counting Repetitions Packing and Unpacking C Structures The Alignment Pit Alignment, Take 2 Alignment, Take 3 Pointers for How to Use Them Pack Recipes Funnies Section Authors

ppeerrllppoodd - tthhee PPllaaiinn OOlldd DDooccuummeennttaattiioonn ffoorrmmaatt

DESCRIPTION

Ordinary Paragraph Verbatim Paragraph Command Paragraph "=head1 Heading Text", "=head2 Heading Text", "=head3 Heading Text", "=head4 Heading Text", "=over indentlevel", "=item stuff...", "=back", "=cut", "=pod", "=begin formatname", "=end

formatname", "=for formatname text...", "=encoding encoding-

name" Formatting Codes

"I" - italic text, "B" - bold text, "C" -

code text, "L" - a hyperlink, "E" - a character

escape, "F" - used for filenames, "S" - text

contains non-breaking spaces, "X" - an index

entry, "Z<>" - a null (zero-effect) formatting code

The Intent Embedding Pods in Perl Modules Hints for Writing Pod SEE ALSO AUTHOR ppeerrllppooddssppeecc - PPllaaiinn OOlldd DDooccuummeennttaattiioonn:: ffoorrmmaatt ssppeecciiffiiccaattiioonn aanndd nnootteess DESCRIPTION Pod Definitions Pod Commands "=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item", "=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...", "=encoding encodingname" Pod Formatting Codes "I" - italic text, "B" - bold text, "C" - code text, "F" - style for filenames, "X" - an index entry, "Z<>" - a null (zero-effect) formatting code, "L" - a hyperlink, "E" - a character escape, "S" - text contains non-breaking spaces Notes on Implementing Pod Processors About L<...> Codes First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth: About =over...=back Regions About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions SEE ALSO AUTHOR ppeerrllrruunn - hhooww ttoo eexxeeccuuttee tthhee PPeerrll iinntteerrpprreetteerr SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION #! and quoting on non-Unix systems OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS Location of Perl Command Switches -00[octal/hexadecimal], -aa, -CC [[nnuummbbeerr//lliisstt]], -cc, -dd, -dd::foo[=bar,baz], -DDletters, -DDnumber, -ee commandline, -FFpat- tern, -hh, -ii[extension], -IIdirectory, -ll[octnum], -mm[-]module, -MM[-]module, -MM[-]'module ...', -[[mmMM]][-]module=arg[,arg]..., -nn, -pp, -PP, -ss, -SS, -tt, -TT, -uu, -UU, -vv, -VV, -VV::configvar, -ww, -WW, -XX, -xx, -xx directory ENVIRONMENT HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap, :perlio, :pop, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PER- LIODEBUG, PERLLIB, PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERLALLOWNONIFSLSP (specific to the Win32 port), PERLDEBUGMSTATS, PERLDESTRUCTLEVEL, PERLDLNONLAZY, PERLENCODING, PERLHASHSEED, PERLHASHSEEDDEBUG, PERLROOT (specific to the VMS port), PERLSIGNALS, PERLUNICODE, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port) ppeerrllddiiaagg - vvaarriioouuss PPeerrll ddiiaaggnnoossttiiccss DESCRIPTION ppeerrlllleexxwwaarrnn - PPeerrll LLeexxiiccaall WWaarrnniinnggss DESCRIPTION Default Warnings and Optional Warnings What's wrong with -ww and $^W Controlling Warnings from the Command Line -ww, -WW, -XX Backward Compatibility Category Hierarchy Fatal Warnings Reporting Warnings from a Module TODO SEE ALSO AUTHOR ppeerrllddeebbuugg - PPeerrll ddeebbuuggggiinngg DESCRIPTION The Perl Debugger Debugger Commands h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y [level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, , c [line|sub], l, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b subname [con- dition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [ command ], < *, << command, > ?, > command, > *, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], { *, {{ command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source file, H -number, q or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage] Configurable Options "recallCommand", "ShellBang", "pager", "tkRunning", "signal- Level", "warnLevel", "dieLevel", "AutoTrace", "LineInfo", "inhibitexit", "PrintRet", "ornaments", "frame", "maxTrace- Len", "windowSize", "arrayDepth", "hashDepth", "dumpDepth", "compactDump", "veryCompact", "globPrint", "DumpDBFiles", "DumpPackages", "DumpReused", "quote", "HighBit", "undefPrint", "UsageOnly", "TTY", "noTTY", "ReadLine", "NonStop" Debugger input/output Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing For- mat, Frame listing Debugging compile-time statements Debugger Customization Readline Support Editor Support for Debugging The Perl Profiler Debugging regular expressions Debugging memory usage SEE ALSO BUGS ppeerrllvvaarr - PPeerrll pprreeddeeffiinneedd vvaarriiaabblleess DESCRIPTION Predefined Names $ARG, $, $a, $b, $, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POST- MATCH, $', $LASTPARENMATCH, $+, $^N, @LASTMATCHEND, @+, $*, HANDLE->inputlinenumber(EXPR), $INPUTLINENUMBER, $NR, $, IO::Handle->inputrecordseparator(EXPR), $INPUTRECORDSEPARA- TOR, $RS, $/, HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUTAUTOFLUSH, $|, IO::Handle->outputfieldseparator EXPR, $OUTPUTFIELDSEPARA- TOR, $OFS, $,, IO::Handle->outputrecordseparator EXPR, $OUT- PUTRECORDSEPARATOR, $ORS, $\, $LISTSEPARATOR, $", $SUB- SCRIPTSEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $#, HANDLE->formatpagenum- ber(EXPR), $FORMATPAGENUMBER, $%, HANDLE->for- matlinesperpage(EXPR), $FORMATLINESPERPAGE, $=, HAN- DLE->formatlinesleft(EXPR), $FORMATLINESLEFT, $-, @LASTMATCHSTART, @-, $` is the same as "substr($var, 0, $-[0])", $& is the same as "substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])", $' is the same as "substr($var, $+[0])", $1 is the same as "substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])", $2 is the same as "substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])", $3 is the same as "substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])", HANDLE->formatname(EXPR), $FOR- MATNAME, $~, HANDLE->formattopname(EXPR), $FORMATTOPNAME, $^, IO::Handle->formatlinebreakcharacters EXPR, $FOR- MATLINEBREAKCHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->formatformfeed EXPR, $FORMATFORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILDERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING}, $OSERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDEDOSERROR, $^E, $EVALERROR, $@, $PROCESSID, $PID, $$, $REALUSERID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVEUSERID, $EUID, $>, $REALGROUPID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVEGROUPID, $EGID, $), $PRO- GRAMNAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D, $SYS- TEMFDMAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACEEDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O, ${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LASTREG- EXPCODERESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONSBEINGCAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE}, $PERLVERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNINGBITS}, $EXECUTABLENAME, $^X, ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr} Error Indicators Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names BUGS ppeerrllrree - PPeerrll rreegguullaarr eexxpprreessssiioonnss DESCRIPTION i, m, s, x Regular Expressions [1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit Extended Patterns "(?#text)", "(?imsx-imsx)", "(?:pattern)", "(?imsx-imsx:pat- tern)", "(?=pattern)", "(?!pattern)", "(?<=pattern)", "(? tern)", "(?{ code })", "(??{ code })", "(?>pattern)", "(?(con- dition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)", "(?(condition)yes-pattern)" Backtracking Version 8 Regular Expressions Warning on \1 vs $1 Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring Combining pieces together "ST", "S|T", "S{REPEATCOUNT}", "S{min,max}", "S{min,max}?", "S?", "S*", "S+", "S??", "S*?", "S+?", "(?>S)", "(?=S)", "(?<=S)", "(?!S)", "(? tion)yes-pattern|no-pattern)" Creating custom RE engines BUGS SEE ALSO ppeerrllrreerreeff - PPeerrll RReegguullaarr EExxpprreessssiioonnss RReeffeerreennccee DESCRIPTION OPERATORS SYNTAX ESCAPE SEQUENCES CHARACTER CLASSES ANCHORS QUANTIFIERS EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS VARIABLES FUNCTIONS TERMINOLOGY AUTHOR SEE ALSO THANKS ppeerrllrreeff - PPeerrll rreeffeerreenncceess aanndd nneesstteedd ddaattaa ssttrruuccttuurreess NOTE DESCRIPTION Making References Using References Symbolic references Not-so-symbolic references Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash Function Templates WARNING SEE ALSO ppeerrllffoorrmm - PPeerrll ffoorrmmaattss DESCRIPTION Text Fields Numeric Fields The Field @* for Variable Width Multi-Line Text The Field ^* for Variable Width One-line-at-a-time Text Specifying Values Using Fill Mode Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void Repeating Format Lines Top of Form Processing Format Variables NOTES Footers Accessing Formatting Internals WARNINGS ppeerrlloobbjj - PPeerrll oobbjjeeccttss DESCRIPTION An Object is Simply a Reference A Class is Simply a Package A Method is Simply a Subroutine Method Invocation Indirect Object Syntax Default UNIVERSAL methods isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) Destructors Summary Two-Phased Garbage Collection SEE ALSO ppeerrllttiiee - hhooww ttoo hhiiddee aann oobbjjeecctt ccllaassss iinn aa ssiimmppllee vvaarriiaabbllee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Tying Scalars TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this, DESTROY this Tying Arrays TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY this Tying Hashes USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, SCALAR this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this Tying FileHandles TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this, DESTROY this UNTIE this The "untie" Gotcha SEE ALSO BUGS AUTHOR ppeerrllddbbmmffiilltteerr - PPeerrll DDBBMM FFiilltteerrss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ffiilltteerrssttoorreekkeeyy, ffiilltteerrssttoorreevvaalluuee, ffiilltteerrffeettcchhkkeeyy, ffiill- tteerrffeettcchhvvaalluuee The Filter An Example - the NULL termination problem. Another Example - Key is a C int. SEE ALSO AUTHOR ppeerrlliippcc - PPeerrll iinntteerrpprroocceessss ccoommmmuunniiccaattiioonn ((ssiiggnnaallss,, ffiiffooss,, ppiippeess,, ssaaffee ssuubbpprroocceesssseess,, ssoocckkeettss,, aanndd sseemmaapphhoorreess)) DESCRIPTION Signals Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons Named Pipes Deferred Signals (Safe Signals) Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as "faults", Signals triggered by operating sys- tem state Using open() for IPC Filehandles Background Processes Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent Safe Pipe Opens Bidirectional Communication with Another Process Bidirectional Communication with Yourself Sockets: Client/Server Communication Internet Line Terminators Internet TCP Clients and Servers Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers TCP Clients with IO::Socket A Simple Client "Proto", "PeerAddr", "PeerPort" A Webget Client Interactive Client with IO::Socket TCP Servers with IO::Socket Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse UDP: Message Passing SysV IPC NOTES BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO ppeerrllffoorrkk - PPeerrll''ss fork() eemmuullaattiioonn SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes $$ or $PROCESSID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to files, directories and network sockets Resource limits Killing the parent process Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented, Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger application, Thread-safety of extensions BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO ppeerrllnnuummbbeerr - sseemmaannttiiccss ooff nnuummbbeerrss aanndd nnuummeerriicc ooppeerraattiioonnss iinn PPeerrll SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Storing numbers Numeric operators and numeric conversions Flavors of Perl numeric operations Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during "use inte- ger", Other mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during "use integer", Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a string AUTHOR SEE ALSO ppeerrlltthhrrttuutt - ttuuttoorriiaall oonn tthhrreeaaddss iinn PPeerrll DESCRIPTION Status What Is A Thread Anyway? Threaded Program Models Boss/Worker Work Crew Pipeline What kind of threads are Perl threads? Thread-Safe Modules Thread Basics Basic Thread Support A Note about the Examples Creating Threads Waiting For A Thread To Exit Ignoring A Thread Threads And Data Shared And Unshared Data Thread Pitfalls: Races Synchronization and control Controlling access: lock() A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks Queues: Passing Data Around Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access Basic semaphores Advanced Semaphores condwait() and condsignal() Giving up control General Thread Utility Routines What Thread Am I In? Thread IDs Are These Threads The Same? What Threads Are Running? A Complete Example Different implementations of threads Performance considerations Process-scope Changes Thread-Safety of System Libraries Conclusion Bibliography Introductory Texts OS-Related References Other References Acknowledgements AUTHOR Copyrights ppeerrllootthhrrttuutt - oolldd ttuuttoorriiaall oonn tthhrreeaaddss iinn PPeerrll DESCRIPTION What Is A Thread Anyway? Threaded Program Models Boss/Worker Work Crew Pipeline Native threads What kind of threads are perl threads? Threadsafe Modules Thread Basics Basic Thread Support Creating Threads Giving up control Waiting For A Thread To Exit Errors In Threads Ignoring A Thread Threads And Data Shared And Unshared Data Thread Pitfall: Races Controlling access: lock() Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks Queues: Passing Data Around Threads And Code Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines Subroutine Locks Methods Locking A Subroutine General Thread Utility Routines What Thread Am I In? Thread IDs Are These Threads The Same? What Threads Are Running? A Complete Example Conclusion Bibliography Introductory Texts OS-Related References Other References Acknowledgements AUTHOR Copyrights ppeerrllppoorrtt - WWrriittiinngg ppoorrttaabbllee PPeerrll DESCRIPTION Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already is portable ISSUES Newlines Numbers endianness and Width Files and Filesystems System Interaction Command names versus file pathnames Networking Interprocess Communication (IPC) External Subroutines (XS) Standard Modules Time and Date Character sets and character encoding Internationalisation System Resources Security Style CPAN Testers Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results: http://testers.cpan.org/ PLATFORMS Unix DOS and Derivatives Mac OS VMS VOS EBCDIC Platforms Acorn RISC OS Other perls FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions -X FILEHANDLE, -X EXPR, -X, binmode FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbm- close HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock FILE- HANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpri- ority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setpro- toent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, end- hostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNC- TION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITE- HANDLE, readlink EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIME- OUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPT- NAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET, socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS CHANGES v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000, v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22 May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February 1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 Decem- ber 1998, v1.36, 9 September 1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998, v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998 Supported Platforms SEE ALSO AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS ppeerrllllooccaallee - PPeerrll llooccaallee hhaannddlliinngg ((iinntteerrnnaattiioonnaalliizzaattiioonn aanndd llooccaalliizzaa- ttiioonn)) DESCRIPTION PREPARING TO USE LOCALES USING LOCALES The use locale pragma The setlocale function Finding locales LOCALE PROBLEMS Temporarily fixing locale problems Permanently fixing locale problems Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration Fixing system locale configuration The localeconv function I18N::Langinfo LOCALE CATEGORIES Category LCCOLLATE: Collation Category LCCTYPE: Character Types Category LCNUMERIC: Numeric Formatting Category LCMONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts LCTIME Other categories SECURITY ENVIRONMENT PERLBADLANG, LCALL, LANGUAGE, LCCTYPE, LCCOLLATE, LCMONETARY, LCNUMERIC, LCTIME, LANG NOTES Backward compatibility I18N:Collate obsolete Sort speed and memory use impacts write() and LCNUMERIC Freely available locale definitions I18n and l10n An imperfect standard Unicode and UTF-8 BUGS Broken systems SEE ALSO HISTORY ppeerrlluunniiiinnttrroo - PPeerrll UUnniiccooddee iinnttrroodduuccttiioonn DESCRIPTION Unicode Perl's Unicode Support Perl's Unicode Model Unicode and EBCDIC Creating Unicode Handling Unicode Legacy Encodings Unicode I/O Displaying Unicode As Text Special Cases Advanced Topics Miscellaneous Questions With Answers Hexadecimal Notation Further Resources UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS SEE ALSO ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE ppeerrlluunniiccooddee - UUnniiccooddee ssuuppppoorrtt iinn PPeerrll DESCRIPTION Important Caveats Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, "use utf8" still needed to enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, BOM-marked scripts and UTF-16 scripts autodetected, "use encoding" needed to upgrade non-Latin-1 byte strings Byte and Character Semantics Effects of Character Semantics Scripts Blocks User-Defined Character Properties Character Encodings for Input and Output Unicode Regular Expression Support Level Unicode Encodings Security Implications of Unicode Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC Locales When Unicode Does Not Happen Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl) Using Unicode in XS BUGS Interaction with Locales Interaction with Extensions Speed Porting code from perl-5.6.X SEE ALSO ppeerrlleebbccddiicc - CCoonnssiiddeerraattiioonnss ffoorr rruunnnniinngg PPeerrll oonn EEBBCCDDIICC ppllaattffoorrmmss DESCRIPTION COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS ASCII ISO 8859 Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1) EBCDIC 13 variant characters 0037 1047 POSIX-BC Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC Unicode and UTF Using Encode SINGLE OCTET TABLES recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6 IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS CONVERSIONS tr/// iconv C RTL OPERATOR DIFFERENCES FUNCTION DIFFERENCES chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack() REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES SOCKETS SORTING Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences. MONO CASE then sort data. Convert, sort data, then re convert. Perform sorting on one type of machine only. TRANSFORMATION FORMATS URL decoding and encoding uu encoding and decoding Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding Caesarian ciphers Hashing order and checksums I18N AND L10N MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS OS ISSUES OS/400 PASE, IFS access OS/390, z/OS chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales VM/ESA? POSIX-BC? BUGS SEE ALSO REFERENCES HISTORY AUTHOR ppeerrllsseecc - PPeerrll sseeccuurriittyy DESCRIPTION Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data Switches On the "#!" Line Taint mode and @INC Cleaning Up Your Path Security Bugs Protecting Your Programs Unicode Algorithmic Complexity Attacks SEE ALSO ppeerrllmmoodd - PPeerrll mmoodduulleess ((ppaacckkaaggeess aanndd ssyymmbbooll ttaabblleess)) DESCRIPTION Packages Symbol Tables BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END Perl Classes Perl Modules Making your module threadsafe SEE ALSO ppeerrllmmooddlliibb - ccoonnssttrruuccttiinngg nneeww PPeerrll mmoodduulleess aanndd ffiinnddiinngg eexxiissttiinngg oonneess THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY Pragmatic Modules attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register Standard Modules AnyDBMFile, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Bench- mark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DBFile, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf, Devel::PPPort, Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5, Digest::base, DirHan- dle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte, Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config, Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encod- ing, Encode::Guess, Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR, Encode::KR::2022KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::PerlIO, Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode, Encode::Uni- code::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtU- tils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MMAny, ExtU- tils::MMBeOS, ExtUtils::MMCygwin, ExtUtils::MMDOS, ExtU- tils::MMMacOS, ExtUtils::MMNW5, ExtUtils::MMOS2, ExtU- tils::MMUWIN, ExtUtils::MMUnix, ExtUtils::MMVMS, ExtU- tils::MMWin32, ExtUtils::MMWin95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtU- tils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ, ExtUtils::Make- Maker::Tutorial, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes, ExtUtils::Make- Maker::vmsish, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtU- tils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree, File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBMFile, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle, IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::UNIX, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV, IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Cur- rency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Make- text::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64, MIME::Base64::Quot- edPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::Any- DBMFile, Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memo- ize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBMFile, Memoize::SDBMFile, Memo- ize::Storable, NDBMFile, NEXT, Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBMFile, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO, PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Func- tions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Perl- doc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff, Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText, Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBMFile, Safe, Scalar::Util, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, Self- Loader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Har- ness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal, Thread::Specific, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash, Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes, Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Uni- code::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap, XSLoader Extension Modules CPAN Africa South Africa Asia China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand Central America Costa Rica Europe Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slo- vakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom North America Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States, Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin Oceania Australia, New Zealand, United States South America Argentina, Brazil, Chile RSYNC Mirrors Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse Guidelines for Module Creation Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules Guidelines for Reusing Application Code NOTE ppeerrllmmooddssttyyllee - PPeerrll mmoodduullee ssttyyllee gguuiiddee INTRODUCTION QUICK CHECKLIST Before you start The API Stability Documentation Release considerations BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE Has it been done before? Do one thing and do it well What's in a name? DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE To OO or not to OO? Designing your API Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functional- ity from output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Nam- ing conventions, Parameter passing Strictness and warnings Backwards compatibility Error handling and messages DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE POD README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build, perl Build test, perl Build install RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS Version numbering Pre-requisites Testing Packaging Licensing COMMON PITFALLS Reinventing the wheel Trying to do too much Inappropriate documentation SEE ALSO perlstyle, perlnewmod, perlpod, podchecker, Packaging Tools, Test- ing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engi- neering AUTHOR ppeerrllmmooddiinnssttaallll - IInnssttaalllliinngg CCPPAANN MMoodduulleess DESCRIPTION PREAMBLE DDEECCOOMMPPRREESSSS the file, UUNNPPAACCKK the file into a directory, BBUUIILLDD the module (sometimes unnecessary), IINNSSTTAALLLL the module PORTABILITY HEY AUTHOR COPYRIGHT ppeerrllnneewwmmoodd - pprreeppaarriinngg aa nneeww mmoodduullee ffoorr ddiissttrriibbuuttiioonn DESCRIPTION Warning What should I make into a module? Step-by-step: Preparing the ground Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again Step-by-step: Making the module Start with module-starter or h2xs, Use strict and warnings, Use Carp, Use Exporter - wisely!, Use plain old documentation, Write tests, Write the README Step-by-step: Distributing your module Get a CPAN user ID, "perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist", Upload the tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs! AUTHOR SEE ALSO ppeerrlluuttiill - uuttiilliittiieess ppaacckkaaggeedd wwiitthh tthhee PPeerrll ddiissttrriibbuuttiioonn DESCRIPTION DOCUMENTATION perldoc, pod2man and pod2text, pod2html and pod2latex, pod2usage, podselect, podchecker, splain, roffitall CONVERTORS a2p, s2p, find2perl Administration libnetcfg Development perlbug, h2ph, c2ph and pstruct, h2xs, dprofpp, perlcc SEE ALSO ppeerrllccoommppiillee - IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn ttoo tthhee PPeerrll CCoommppiilleerr-TTrraannssllaattoorr DESCRIPTION Layout B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref Using The Back Ends The Cross Referencing Back End i, &, s, r The Decompiling Back End The Lint Back End The Simple C Back End The Bytecode Back End The Optimized C Back End Module List for the Compiler Suite B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref KNOWN PROBLEMS AUTHOR ppeerrllffiilltteerr - SSoouurrccee FFiilltteerrss DESCRIPTION CONCEPTS USING FILTERS WRITING A SOURCE FILTER WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C DDeeccrryyppttiioonn FFiilltteerrss CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER CONCLUSION THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR Some Filters Clobber the "DATA" Handle REQUIREMENTS AUTHOR Copyrights ppeerrlleemmbbeedd - hhooww ttoo eemmbbeedd ppeerrll iinn yyoouurr CC pprrooggrraamm DESCRIPTION PREAMBLE UUssee CC ffrroomm PPeerrll??, UUssee aa UUnniixx pprrooggrraamm ffrroomm PPeerrll??, UUssee PPeerrll ffrroomm PPeerrll??, UUssee CC ffrroomm CC??, UUssee PPeerrll ffrroomm CC?? ROADMAP Compiling your C program Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C pro- gram Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program Maintaining a persistent interpreter Execution of END blocks Maintaining multiple interpreter instances Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C program Embedding Perl under Win32 Hiding Perl MORAL AUTHOR COPYRIGHT ppeerrllddeebbgguuttss - GGuuttss ooff PPeerrll ddeebbuuggggiinngg DESCRIPTION Debugger Internals Writing Your Own Debugger Frame Listing Output Examples Debugging regular expressions Compile-time output "anchored" STRING "at" POS, "floating" STRING "at" POS1..POS2, "matching floating/anchored", "minlen", "stclass" TYPE, "noscan", "isall", "GPOS", "plus", "implicit", "with eval", "anchored(TYPE)" Types of nodes Run-time output Debugging Perl memory usage Using $ENV{PERLDEBUGMSTATS} "buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)", Free/Used, "Total sbrk(): SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS", "pad: 0", "heads: 2192", "chain: 0", "tail: 6144" Example of using -DDLL switch 717, 002, 054, 602, 702, 704 -DDLL details "!!!", "!!", "!" Limitations of -DDLL statistics SEE ALSO ppeerrllxxssttuutt,, ppeerrllXXSSttuutt - TTuuttoorriiaall ffoorr wwrriittiinngg XXSSUUBBss DESCRIPTION SPECIAL NOTES make Version caveat Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading TUTORIAL EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2 What has gone on? Writing good test scripts EXAMPLE 3 What's new here? Input and Output Parameters The XSUBPP Program The TYPEMAP file Warning about Output Arguments EXAMPLE 4 What has happened here? Anatomy of .xs file Getting the fat out of XSUBs More about XSUB arguments The Argument Stack Extending your Extension Documenting your Extension Installing your Extension EXAMPLE 5 New Things in this Example EXAMPLE 6 New Things in this Example EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon) EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon) EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes Troubleshooting these Examples See also Author Last Changed ppeerrllxxss - XXSS llaanngguuaaggee rreeffeerreennccee mmaannuuaall DESCRIPTION Introduction On The Road The Anatomy of an XSUB The Argument Stack The RETVAL Variable Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL The MODULE Keyword The PACKAGE Keyword The PREFIX Keyword The OUTPUT: Keyword The NOOUTPUT Keyword The CODE: Keyword The INIT: Keyword The NOINIT Keyword Initializing Function Parameters Default Parameter Values The PREINIT: Keyword The SCOPE: Keyword The INPUT: Keyword The IN/OUTLIST/INOUTLIST/OUT/INOUT Keywords The "length(NAME)" Keyword Variable-length Parameter Lists The CARGS: Keyword The PPCODE: Keyword Returning Undef And Empty Lists The REQUIRE: Keyword The CLEANUP: Keyword The POSTCALL: Keyword The BOOT: Keyword The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword The PROTOTYPES: Keyword The PROTOTYPE: Keyword The ALIAS: Keyword The OVERLOAD: Keyword The FALLBACK: Keyword The INTERFACE: Keyword The INTERFACEMACRO: Keyword The INCLUDE: Keyword The CASE: Keyword The & Unary Operator Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives Using XS With C++ Interface Strategy Perl Objects And C Structures The Typemap Safely Storing Static Data in XS MYCXTKEY, typedef mycxtt, STARTMYCXT, MYCXTINIT, dMYCXT, MYCXT EXAMPLES XS VERSION AUTHOR ppeerrllcclliibb - IInntteerrnnaall rreeppllaacceemmeennttss ffoorr ssttaannddaarrdd CC lliibbrraarryy ffuunnccttiioonnss DESCRIPTION Conventions "t", "p", "n", "s" File Operations File Input and Output File Positioning Memory Management and String Handling Character Class Tests stdlib.h functions Miscellaneous functions SEE ALSO ppeerrllgguuttss - IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn ttoo tthhee PPeerrll AAPPII DESCRIPTION Variables Datatypes What is an "IV"? Working with SVs Offsets What's Really Stored in an SV? Working with AVs Working with HVs Hash API Extensions AVs, HVs and undefined values References Blessed References and Class Objects Creating New Variables GVADDMULTI, GVADDWARN Reference Counts and Mortality Stashes and Globs Double-Typed SVs Magic Variables Assigning Magic Magic Virtual Tables Finding Magic Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays Localizing changes "SAVEINT(int i)", "SAVEIV(IV i)", "SAVEI32(I32 i)", "SAVE- LONG(long i)", SAVESPTR(s), SAVEPPTR(p), "SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)", "SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV *sv)", "SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)", SAVEFREEPV(p), "SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)", "SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)", "SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNCNOCONTEXTt f, void *p)", "SAVEDESTRUCTORX(DESTRUCTORFUNCt f, void *p)", "SAVES- TACKPOS()", "SV* savescalar(GV *gv)", "AV* saveary(GV *gv)", "HV* savehash(GV *gv)", "void saveitem(SV *item)", "void savelist(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)", "SV* savesvref(SV **sptr)", "void saveaptr(AV **aptr)", "void savehptr(HV **hptr)" Subroutines XSUBs and the Argument Stack Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs Memory Allocation PerlIO Putting a C value on Perl stack Scratchpads Scratchpads and recursion Compiled code Code tree Examining the tree Compile pass 1: check routines Compile pass 1a: constant folding Compile pass 2: context propagation Compile pass 3: peephole optimization Pluggable runops Examining internal data structures with the "dump" functions How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported Background and PERLIMPLICITCONTEXT So what happened to dTHR? How do I use all this in extensions? Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads? Future Plans and PERLIMPLICITSYS Internal Functions A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer Source Documentation Unicode Support What iiss Unicode, anyway? How can I recognise a UTF-8 string? How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters? How does Perl store UTF-8 strings? How do I convert a string to UTF-8? Is there anything else I need to know? Custom Operators AUTHORS SEE ALSO ppeerrllccaallll - PPeerrll ccaalllliinngg ccoonnvveennttiioonnss ffrroomm CC DESCRIPTION An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program THE CALL FUNCTIONS callsv, callpv, callmethod, callargv FLAG VALUES GVOID GSCALAR GARRAY GDISCARD GNOARGS GEVAL GKEEPERR Determining the Context KNOWN PROBLEMS EXAMPLES No Parameters, Nothing returned Passing Parameters Returning a Scalar Returning a list of values Returning a list in a scalar context Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list Using GEVAL Using GKEEPERR Using callsv Using callargv Using callmethod Using GIMMEV Using Perl to dispose of temporaries Strategies for storing Callback Context Information 1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl callback Alternate Stack Manipulation Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C SEE ALSO AUTHOR DATE ppeerrllaappii - aauuttooggeenneerraatteedd ddooccuummeennttaattiioonn ffoorr tthhee ppeerrll ppuubblliicc AAPPII DESCRIPTION "Gimme" Values GIMME, GIMMEV, GARRAY, GDISCARD, GEVAL, GNOARGS, GSCALAR, GVOID Array Manipulation Functions AvFILL, avclear, avdelete, avexists, avextend, avfetch, avfill, avlen, avmake, avpop, avpush, avshift, avstore, avundef, avunshift, getav, newAV, sortsv Callback Functions callargv, callmethod, callpv, callsv, ENTER, evalpv, evalsv, FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS Character classes isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER Cloning an interpreter perlclone CV Manipulation Functions CvSTASH, getcv Embedding Functions cvundef, loadmodule, nothreadhook, perlalloc, perlconstruct, perldestruct, perlfree, perlparse, perlrun, requirepv Functions in file pppack.c packlist, packcat, unpackstring, unpackstr Global Variables PLmodglobal, PLna, PLsvno, PLsvundef, PLsvyes GV Functions GvSV, gvfetchmeth, gvfetchmethod, gvfetchmethodautoload, gvfetchmethautoload, gvstashpv, gvstashsv Handy Values Nullav, Nullch, Nullcv, Nullhv, Nullsv Hash Manipulation Functions gethv, HEfSVKEY, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeS- VKEYforce, HeSVKEYset, HeVAL, HvNAME, hvclear, hvclearplace- holders, hvdelete, hvdeleteent, hvexists, hvexistsent, hvfetch, hvfetchent, hviterinit, hviterkey, hviterkeysv, hviternext, hviternextsv, hviternextflags, hviterval, hvmagic, hvscalar, hvstore, hvstoreent, hvundef, newHV Magical Functions mgclear, mgcopy, mgfind, mgfree, mgget, mglength, mgmagical, mgset, SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMag- icSVnosteal, SvSetSV, SvSetSVnosteal, SvSHARE, SvUNLOCK Memory Management Copy, CopyD, Move, MoveD, New, Newc, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree, savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero, ZeroD Miscellaneous Functions fbmcompile, fbminstr, form, getcwdsv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT, strNE, strnEQ, strnNE, svnolocking, svnosharing, svnounlocking Numeric functions grokbin, grokhex, groknumber, groknumericradix, grokoct, scanbin, scanhex, scanoct Optree Manipulation Functions cvconstsv, newCONSTSUB, newXS Pad Data Structures padsv Stack Manipulation Macros dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, mPUSHi, mPUSHn, mPUSHp, mPUSHu, mXPUSHi, mXPUSHn, mXPUSHp, mXPUSHu, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp, POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHmortal, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu, PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHmor- tal, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN, XSRETURNEMPTY, XSRETURNIV, XSRETURNNO, XSRETURNNV, XSRETURNPV, XSRETURNUNDEF, XSRETURNUV, XSRETURNYES, XSTmIV, XSTmNO, XSTmNV, XSTmPV, XSTmUNDEF, XSTmYES SV Flags svtype, SVtIV, SVtNV, SVtPV, SVtPVAV, SVtPVCV, SVtPVHV, SVtPVMG SV Manipulation Functions getsv, lookslikenumber, newRVinc, newRVnoinc, NEWSV, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv, newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvnshare, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv, SvCUR, SvCURset, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOKnotUV, SvIOKoff, SvIOKon, SvIOKonly, SvIOKonlyUV, SvIOKUV, SvIsCOW, SvIsCOWsharedhash, SvIV, SvIVx, SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOKoff, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOKoff, SvNOKon, SvNOKonly, SvNV, SvNVx, SvNVX, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp, SvPOKoff, SvPOKon, SvPOKonly, SvPOKonlyUTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte, SvPVbytex, SvPVbytexforce, SvPVbyteforce, SvPVbytenolen, SvPVutf8, SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8xforce, SvPVutf8force, SvPVutf8nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX, SvPVforce, SvPVforcenomg, SvPVnolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNTdec, SvREFCNTinc, SvROK, SvROKoff, SvROKon, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT, SvTAINTED, SvTAINTEDoff, SvTAINTEDon, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUOK, SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8off, SvUTF8on, SvUV, SvUVx, SvUVX, sv2bool, sv2cv, sv2io, sv2iv, sv2mortal, sv2nv, sv2pvbyte, sv2pvbytenolen, sv2pvutf8, sv2pvutf8nolen, sv2pvflags, sv2pvnolen, sv2uv, svbackoff, svbless, svcatpv, svcatpvf, svcatpvfmg, svcatpvn, svcatpvnflags, svcatpvnmg, svcat- pvnnomg, svcatpvmg, svcatsv, svcatsvflags, svcatsvmg, svcatsvnomg, svchop, svclear, svcmp, svcmplocale, svcol- lxfrm, svcopypv, svdec, svderivedfrom, sveq, svforcenormal, svforcenormalflags, svfree, svgets, svgrow, svinc, svinsert, svisa, svisobject, sviv, svlen, svlenutf8, svmagic, svmagicext, svmortalcopy, svnewmortal, svnewref, svnv, svposb2u, svposu2b, svpv, svpvbyte, svpvbyten, svpvbytenforce, svpvn, svpvnforce, svpvnforceflags, svpvutf8, svpvutf8n, svpvutf8nforce, svreftype, svreplace, svreportused, svreset, svrvweaken, svsetiv, svsetivmg, svsetnv, svsetnvmg, svsetpv, svsetpvf, svsetpvfmg, svsetp- viv, svsetpvivmg, svsetpvn, svsetpvnmg, svsetpvmg, svsetrefiv, svsetrefnv, svsetrefpv, svsetrefpvn, svsetrefuv, svsetsv, svsetsvflags, svsetsvmg, svsetsvnomg, svsetuv, svsetuvmg, svtaint, svtainted, svtrue, svunmagic, svunref, svunrefflags, svuntaint, svupgrade, svusepvn, svusepvnmg, svutf8decode, svutf8downgrade, svutf8encode, svutf8upgrade, svutf8upgradeflags, svuv, svvcatpvf, svvcat- pvfn, svvcatpvfmg, svvsetpvf, svvsetpvfn, svvsetpvfmg Unicode Support bytesfromutf8, bytestoutf8, ibcmputf8, isutf8char, isutf8string, isutf8stringloc, pvunidisplay, svcatdecode, svrecodetoutf8, svunidisplay, toutf8case, toutf8fold, toutf8lower, toutf8title, toutf8upper, utf8ntouvchr, utf8ntouvuni, utf8distance, utf8hop, utf8length, utf8tobytes, utf8touvchr, utf8touvuni, uvchrtoutf8, uvunitoutf8flags Variables created by "xsubpp" and "xsubpp" internal functions ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST, THIS, XS, XSVERSION, XSVERSIONBOOTCHECK Warning and Dieing croak, warn AUTHORS SEE ALSO ppeerrlliinntteerrnn - aauuttooggeenneerraatteedd ddooccuummeennttaattiioonn ooff ppuurreellyy iinntteerrnnaall PPeerrll ffuunncc- ttiioonnss DESCRIPTION CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE CvWEAKOUTSIDE Functions in file pad.h CXCURPADSAVE, CXCURPADSV, PADBASESV, PADCLONEVARS, PADCOMPNAMEFLAGS, PADCOMPNAMEGEN, PADCOMPNAMEOURSTASH, PADCOMPNAMEPV, PADCOMPNAMETYPE, PADDUP, PADRESTORELOCAL, PADSAVELOCAL, PADSAVESETNULLPAD, PADSETSV, PADSETCUR, PADSETCURNOSAVE, PADSV, PADSVl, SAVECLEARSV, SAVECOMPPAD, SAVEPADSV Functions in file ppctl.c findruncv Global Variables PLDBsingle, PLDBsub, PLDBtrace, PLdowarn, PLlastingv, PLofssv, PLrs GV Functions isgvmagical IO Functions startglob Pad Data Structures CvPADLIST, cvclone, cvdump, dodumppad, intromy, padaddanon, padaddname, padalloc, padblockstart, padcheckdup, padfind- lex, padfindmy, padfixupinneranons, padfree, padleavemy, padnew, padpush, padreset, padsetsv, padswipe, padtidy, padundef Stack Manipulation Macros djSP, LVRET SV Manipulation Functions reportuninit, svaddarena, svcleanall, svcleanobjs, svfreearenas AUTHORS SEE ALSO ppeerrlliiooll - CC AAPPII ffoorr PPeerrll''ss iimmpplleemmeennttaattiioonn ooff IIOO iinn LLaayyeerrss.. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION History and Background Basic Structure Layers vs Disciplines Data Structures Functions and Attributes Per-instance Data Layers in action. Per-instance flag bits PERLIOFEOF, PERLIOFCANWRITE, PERLIOFCANREAD, PER- LIOFERROR, PERLIOFTRUNCATE, PERLIOFAPPEND, PERLIOFCRLF, PERLIOFUTF8, PERLIOFUNBUF, PERLIOFWRBUF, PERLIOFRDBUF, PERLIOFLINEBUF, PERLIOFTEMP, PERLIOFOPEN, PERLIOFFAST- GETS Methods in Detail fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIOKBUFFERED, PERLIOKRAW, PER- LIOKCANCRLF, PERLIOKFASTGETS, PERLIOKMULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode, Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof, Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Getbase, Getbufsiz, Getptr, Getcnt, Setptrcnt Utilities Implementing PerlIO Layers C implementations, Perl implementations Core Layers "unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8" Extension Layers ":encoding", ":scalar", ":via" TODO ppeerrllaappiioo - ppeerrll''ss IIOO aabbssttrraaccttiioonn iinntteerrffaaccee.. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION 1. USESTDIO, 2. USESFIO, 3. USEPERLIO, PPeerrllIIOOssttddiinn(()), PPeerr- llIIOOssttddoouutt(()), PPeerrllIIOOssttddeerrrr(()), PPeerrllIIOOooppeenn((ppaatthh,, mmooddee)), PPeerr- llIIOOffddooppeenn((ffdd,,mmooddee)), PPeerrllIIOOrreeooppeenn((ppaatthh,,mmooddee,,ff)), PPeerr- llIIOOpprriinnttff((ff,,ffmmtt,,......)), PPeerrllIIOOvvpprriinnttff((ff,,ffmmtt,,aa)), PPeerrllIIOOssttdd- oouuttff((ffmmtt,,......)), PPeerrllIIOOrreeaadd((ff,,bbuuff,,ccoouunntt)), PPeerrllIIOOwwrriittee((ff,,bbuuff,,ccoouunntt)), PPeerrllIIOOcclloossee((ff)), PPeerrllIIOOppuuttss((ff,,ss)), PPeerrllIIOOppuuttcc((ff,,cc)), PPeerr- llIIOOuunnggeettcc((ff,,cc)), PPeerrllIIOOggeettcc((ff)), PPeerrllIIOOeeooff((ff)), PPeerrllIIOOeerrrroorr((ff)), PPeerrllIIOOffiilleennoo((ff)), PPeerrllIIOOcclleeaarreerrrr((ff)), PPeerrllIIOOfflluusshh((ff)), PPeerr- llIIOOsseeeekk((ff,,ooffffsseett,,wwhheennccee)), PPeerrllIIOOtteellll((ff)), PPeerrllIIOOggeettppooss((ff,,pp)), PPeerr- llIIOOsseettppooss((ff,,pp)), PPeerrllIIOOrreewwiinndd((ff)), PPeerrllIIOOttmmppffiillee(()), PPeerrllIIOOsseett- lliinneebbuuff((ff)) Co-existence with stdio PPeerrllIIOOiimmppoorrttFFIILLEE((ff,,mmooddee)), PPeerrllIIOOeexxppoorrttFFIILLEE((ff,,mmooddee)), PPeerr- llIIOOrreelleeaasseeFFIILLEE((pp,,ff)), PPeerrllIIOOffiinnddFFIILLEE((ff)) "Fast gets" Functions PPeerrllIIOOffaassttggeettss((ff)), PPeerrllIIOOhhaassccnnttppttrr((ff)), PPeerrllIIOOggeettccnntt((ff)), PPeerrllIIOOggeettppttrr((ff)), PPeerrllIIOOsseettppttrrccnntt((ff,,pp,,cc)), PPeerr- llIIOOccaannsseettccnntt((ff)), PPeerrllIIOOsseettccnntt((ff,,cc)), PPeerrllIIOOhhaassbbaassee((ff)), PPeerrllIIOOggeettbbaassee((ff)), PPeerrllIIOOggeettbbuuffssiizz((ff)) Other Functions PerlIOapplylayers(f,mode,layers), PerlIObin- mode(f,ptype,imode,layers), '<' read, '>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIOdebug(fmt,...) ppeerrllhhaacckk - HHooww ttoo hhaacckk aatt tthhee PPeerrll iinntteerrnnaallss DESCRIPTION Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the imple- mentation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implemen- tation robust?, Is the implementation generic enough to be porta- ble?, Is the implementation tested?, Is there enough documenta- tion?, Is there another way to do it?, Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words Keeping in sync rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the NFS, rsync'ing the patches Why rsync the source tree It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable Why rsync the patches It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Find- ing a start point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour Working with the source Perlbug administration Submitting patches perlguts, perlxstut and perlxs, perlapi, Porting/pumpkin.pod, The perl5-porters FAQ Finding Your Way Around Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter Elements of the interpreter Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running Internal Variable Types Op Trees Stacks Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack Millions of Macros The .i Targets Poking at Perl Using a source-level debugger run [args], break functionname, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue, finish, 'enter', print gdb macro support Dumping Perl Data Structures Patching Patching a core module Adding a new function to the core Writing a test t/base/, t/cmd/, t/comp/, t/io/, t/lib/, t/op/, t/pod/, t/run/, t/uni/, t/win32/, t/x2p, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib Special Make Test Targets coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8, minitest.utf16 test.utf16, testharness Running tests by hand PERLCORE=1, PERLDESTRUCTLEVEL=2, PERL, PERLSKIPTTYTEST EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL Rational Software's Purify Purify on Unix -Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemulti- plicity Purify on NT DEFINES, USEMULTI = define, #PERLMALLOC = define, CFG = Debug valgrind Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree PERLDESTRUCTLEVEL Profiling Gprof Profiling -a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z GCC gcov Profiling Pixie Profiling -h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage, -z[ero] Miscellaneous tricks CONCLUSION The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began. AUTHOR ppeerrllbbooookk - PPeerrll bbooookk iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn DESCRIPTION ppeerrllttooddoo - PPeerrll TTOO-DDOO LLiisstt DESCRIPTION assertions iCOW (?{...}) closures in regexps A re-entrant regexp engine pragmata lexical pragmas use less 'memory' prototypes and functions prototype character inlining autoloaded constants Finish off lvalue functions Unicode and UTF8 Implicit Latin 1 => Unicode translation UTF8 caching code Unicode in Filenames Unicode in %ENV Regexps regexp optimiser optional common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization) POD POD -> HTML conversion still sucks Misc medium sized projects UNITCHECK optional optimizer You WANT *how* many lexical aliases no 6 IPv6 entersub XS vs Perl @INC source filter to Filter::Simple bincompat functions Use fchown/fchmod internally Tests Make Schwern poorer test B Improve tests for Config.pm common test code for timed bailout Installation compressed man pages Make Config.pm cope with differences between build and installed perl Relocatable perl make HTML install work put patchlevel in -v Incremental things autovivification fix tainting bugs Make tainting consistent Dual life everything Vague things threads POSIX memory footprint Optimize away @ switch ops Attach/detach debugger from running program A decent benchmark readpipe(LIST) ppeerrllddoocc - LLooookk uupp PPeerrll ddooccuummeennttaattiioonn iinn PPoodd ffoorrmmaatt.. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS -hh, -vv, -tt, -uu, -mm module, -ll, -FF, -ff perlfunc, -qq perlfaq-search- regexp, -TT, -dd destination-filename, -oo output-formatname, -MM mod- ule-name, -ww option:value or -ww option, -XX, PPaaggeeNNaammee||MMoodduullee- NNaammee||PPrrooggrraammNNaammee, -nn some-formatter, -rr, -ii, -VV SECURITY ENVIRONMENT AUTHOR ppeerrllhhiisstt - tthhee PPeerrll hhiissttoorryy rreeccoorrddss DESCRIPTION INTRODUCTION THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN PUMPKIN? THE RECORDS SELECTED RELEASE SIZES SELECTED PATCH SIZES THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS ppeerrllddeellttaa - wwhhaatt iiss nneeww ffoorr ppeerrll vv55..88..55 DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements Modules and Pragmata Utility Changes New Documentation Performance Enhancements Installation and Configuration Improvements Selected Bug Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed Internals New Tests Known Problems Platform Specific Problems Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO ppeerrll558866ddeellttaa,, ppeerrllddeellttaa - wwhhaatt iiss nneeww ffoorr ppeerrll vv55..88..55 DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements Modules and Pragmata Utility Changes New Documentation Performance Enhancements Installation and Configuration Improvements Selected Bug Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed Internals New Tests Known Problems Platform Specific Problems Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO ppeerrll558855ddeellttaa - wwhhaatt iiss nneeww ffoorr ppeerrll vv55..88..55 DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements Modules and Pragmata Utility Changes Perl's debugger h2ph Installation and Configuration Improvements Selected Bug Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed Internals Known Problems Platform Specific Problems Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO ppeerrll558844ddeellttaa - wwhhaatt iiss nneeww ffoorr ppeerrll vv55..88..44 DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements Malloc wrapping Unicode Character Database 4.0.1 suidperl less insecure format Modules and Pragmata Updated modules Attribute::Handlers, B, Benchmark, CGI, Carp, Cwd, Exporter, File::Find, IO, IPC::Open3, Local::Maketext, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigRat, MIME::Base64, ODBMFile, POSIX, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Time::HiRes, Unicode::UCD, Win32, base, open, threads, utf8 Performance Enhancements Utility Changes Installation and Configuration Improvements Selected Bug Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed Internals Future Directions Platform Specific Problems Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO ppeerrll558833ddeellttaa - wwhhaatt iiss nneeww ffoorr ppeerrll vv55..88..33 DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements Modules and Pragmata CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin, List::Util, Math::BigInt, PodParser, Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Uni- code::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared Utility Changes New Documentation Installation and Configuration Improvements Selected Bug Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed Internals Configuration and Building Platform Specific Problems Known Problems Future Directions Obituary Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO ppeerrll558822ddeellttaa - wwhhaatt iiss nneeww ffoorr ppeerrll vv55..88..22 DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements Hash Randomisation Threading Modules and Pragmata Updated Modules And Pragmata Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, I18N::LangTags, libnet, MIME::Base64, Pod::Perldoc, strict, Tie::Hash, Time::HiRes, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, UNIVERSAL Selected Bug Fixes Changed Internals Platform Specific Problems Future Directions Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO ppeerrll558811ddeellttaa - wwhhaatt iiss nneeww ffoorr ppeerrll vv55..88..11 DESCRIPTION Incompatible Changes Hash Randomisation UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>" (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe Core Enhancements UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales Unsafe signals again available Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices local ${$x} Unicode Character Database 4.0.0 Deprecation Warnings Miscellaneous Enhancements Modules and Pragmata Updated Modules And Pragmata base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes, CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DBFile, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, Encode, fields, libnet, Math::Big- Int, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping, PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc, Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More, Test::Sim- ple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared, Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath, Win32::GetOSVersion Utility Changes New Documentation Installation and Configuration Improvements Platform-specific enhancements Selected Bug Fixes Closures, eval and lexicals Generic fixes Platform-specific fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running" Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash" New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine" Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator" New "Missing control char name in \c" New "Newline in left-justified string for %s" New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator" New "Pseudo-hashes are deprecated" New "read() on %s filehandle %s" New "5.005 threads are deprecated" New "Tied variable freed while still in use" New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'" New "Use of freed value in iteration" Changed Internals New Tests Known Problems Tied hashes in scalar context Net::Ping 450service and 510pingudp failures B::C Platform Specific Problems EBCDIC Platforms Cygwin 1.5 problems HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath IRIX: t/uni/tr7jis.t falsely failing Mac OS X: no usemymalloc Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc) Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite Future Directions Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO ppeerrll5588ddeellttaa - wwhhaatt iiss nneeww ffoorr ppeerrll vv55..88..00 DESCRIPTION Highlights In 5.8.0 Incompatible Changes Binary Incompatibility 64-bit platforms and malloc AIX Dynaloading Attributes for "my" variables now handled at run-time Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha New Unicode Semantics (no more "use utf8", almost) New Unicode Properties REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...) pack/unpack D/F recycled glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order Deprecations Core Enhancements Unicode Overhaul PerlIO is Now The Default ithreads Restricted Hashes Safe Signals Understanding of Numbers Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561] Miscellaneous Changes Modules and Pragmata New Modules and Pragmata Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata Utility Changes New Documentation Performance Enhancements Installation and Configuration Improvements Generic Improvements New Or Improved Platforms Selected Bug Fixes Platform Specific Changes and Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed Internals Security Vulnerability Closed [561] New Tests Known Problems The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles Modifying $ Inside for(..) modperl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure' libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51 PDL failing some tests Perlgetsv Self-tying Problems ext/threads/t/libc Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests Timing problems Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work Platform Specific Problems AIX Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests AmigaOS BeOS Cygwin "unable to remap" Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT DJGPP Failures FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5 HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 Mac OS X Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols OS/2 Test Failures op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130 SCO Solaris 2.5 Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint SUPER-UX (NEC SX) Term::ReadKey not working on Win32 UNICOS/mk UTS VOS (Stratus) VMS Win32 XML::Parser not working z/OS (OS/390) Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO HISTORY ppeerrll557733ddeellttaa - wwhhaatt''ss nneeww ffoorr ppeerrll vv55..77..33 DESCRIPTION Changes Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO HISTORY ppeerrll557722ddeellttaa - wwhhaatt''ss nneeww ffoorr ppeerrll vv55..77..22 DESCRIPTION Security Vulnerability Closed Incompatible Changes 64-bit platforms and malloc AIX Dynaloading Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...} Deprecations Core Enhancements Modules and Pragmata New Modules and Distributions Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata Utility Changes New Documentation Installation and Configuration Improvements New Or Improved Platforms Generic Improvements Selected Bug Fixes Platform Specific Changes and Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Source Code Enhancements MAGIC constants Better commented code Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up gcc -Wall New Tests Known Problems AIX Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure' Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expirefile 11 and 12 HP-UX lib/iomultihomed Fails When LP64-Configured HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 OS/390 op/sprintf tests 129 and 130 Failure of Thread tests UNICOS UTS VMS Win32 Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental The Long Double Support is Still Experimental Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO HISTORY ppeerrll557711ddeellttaa - wwhhaatt''ss nneeww ffoorr ppeerrll vv55..77..11 DESCRIPTION Security Vulnerability Closed Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable PerlIO is Now The Default Signals Are Now Safe Modules and Pragmata New Modules Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata Performance Enhancements Utility Changes New Documentation perlclib perliol README.aix README.bs2000 README.macos README.mpeix README.solaris README.vos Porting/repository.pod Installation and Configuration Improvements New Or Improved Platforms Generic Improvements dcmsghdr, dfcntlcanlock, dfsync, dgetitimer, dgetpagsz, dmsghdrs, needvacopy, dreadv, drecvmsg, dsendmsg, sigsize, dsockatmark, dstrtoq, du32align, dualarm, dusleep Selected Bug Fixes Platform Specific Changes and Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed Internals New Tests Known Problems AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure' lib/iomultihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX lib/b test 19 Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 sigaction test 13 in VMS sprintf tests 129 and 130 Failure of Thread tests Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO HISTORY ppeerrll557700ddeellttaa - wwhhaatt''ss nneeww ffoorr ppeerrll vv55..77..00 DESCRIPTION Security Vulnerability Closed Incompatible Changes Core Enhancements Modules and Pragmata New Modules Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata Utility Changes New Documentation Performance Enhancements Installation and Configuration Improvements Generic Improvements Selected Bug Fixes Platform Specific Changes and Fixes New or Changed Diagnostics Changed Internals Known Problems Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure' Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48 Storable tests fail in some platforms Threads Are Still Experimental The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO HISTORY ppeerrll556611ddeellttaa - wwhhaatt''ss nneeww ffoorr ppeerrll vv55..66..xx DESCRIPTION Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1 Security Issues Core bug fixes "UNIVERSAL::isa()", Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(), Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and errors, glob(), Taint- ing, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes, map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support, Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, "no Module;", Tests Core features Configuration issues Documentation Bundled modules B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN, Class::Struct, DBFile, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll, IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Com- plex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser, Pod::Text, SDBMFile, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash Platform-specific improvements NCR MP-RAS, NonStop-UX Core Enhancements Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency Lexically scoped warning categories Unicode and UTF-8 support Support for interpolating named characters "our" declarations Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals Improved Perl version numbering system New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes File and directory handles can be autovivified open() with more than two arguments 64-bit support Large file support Long doubles "more bits" Enhanced support for sort() subroutines "sort $coderef @foo" allowed File globbing implemented internally Support for CHECK blocks POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported Better pseudo-random number generator Improved "qw//" operator Better worst-case behavior of hashes pack() format 'Z' supported pack() format modifier '!' supported pack() and unpack() support counted strings Comments in pack() templates Weak references Binary numbers supported Lvalue subroutines Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues exists() is supported on subroutine names exists() and delete() are supported on array elements Pseudo-hashes work better Automatic flushing of output buffers Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle eof() has the same old magic as <> binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes "-T" filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure Improved diagnostics Diagnostics follow STDERR More consistent close-on-exec behavior syswrite() ease-of-use Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators Bit operators support full native integer width Improved security features More functional bareword prototype (*) "require" and "do" may be overridden $^X variables may now have names longer than one character New variable $^C reflects "-c" switch New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string Optional Y2K warnings Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings Modules and Pragmata Modules attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DBFile, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dump- value, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, pod- checker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBMFile, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters Pragmata Utility Changes dprofpp find2perl h2xs perlcc perldoc The Perl Debugger Improved Documentation perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perl- hack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, per- lopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perluni- code.pod Performance enhancements Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized Optimized assignments to lexical variables Faster subroutine calls delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster Installation and Configuration Improvements -Dusethreads means something different New Configure flags Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring Long Doubles -Dusemorebits -Duselargefiles installusrbinperl SOCKS support "-A" flag Enhanced Installation Directories gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working Platform specific changes Supported platforms DOS OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) VMS Win32 Significant bug fixes on empty files "eval '...'" improvements All compilation errors are true errors Implicitly closed filehandles are safer Behavior of list slices is more consistent "(\$)" prototype and $foo{a} "goto &sub" and AUTOLOAD "-bareword" allowed under "use integer" Failures in DESTROY() Locale bugs fixed Memory leaks Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls Taint failures under "-U" END blocks and the "-c" switch Potential to leak DATA filehandles New or Changed Diagnostics "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecog- nized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check proto- type, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subrou- tine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in primeenviter: %s, Can't check filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, File- handle %s opened only for output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal num- ber > 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in primeenviter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: delbackref, panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magickillbackrefs, Parentheses missing around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string, Pos- sible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to primeenviter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a con- stant number New tests Incompatible Changes Perl Source Incompatibilities CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Format of $English::PERLVERSION is different, Liter- als of the form 1.2.3 parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, "undef" fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing "$$1" to mean "${$}1" is unsupported, delete(), each(), values() and "\(%h)", vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed, "%@" has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype "(*)" have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results C Source Incompatibilities "PERLPOLLUTE", "PERLIMPLICITCONTEXT", "PERLPOLLUTEMALLOC" Compatible C Source API Changes "PATCHLEVEL" is now "PERLVERSION" Binary Incompatibilities Known Problems Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory Known test failures EBCDIC platforms not fully supported UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run Arrow operator and arrays Experimental features Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak ref- erences, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Inter- nal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs: Obsolete Diagnostics Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in primeenviter, In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$" to mean "${$}" is deprecated Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO HISTORY ppeerrll5566ddeellttaa - wwhhaatt''ss nneeww ffoorr ppeerrll vv55..66..00 DESCRIPTION Core Enhancements Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency Lexically scoped warning categories Unicode and UTF-8 support Support for interpolating named characters "our" declarations Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals Improved Perl version numbering system New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes File and directory handles can be autovivified open() with more than two arguments 64-bit support Large file support Long doubles "more bits" Enhanced support for sort() subroutines "sort $coderef @foo" allowed File globbing implemented internally Support for CHECK blocks POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported Better pseudo-random number generator Improved "qw//" operator Better worst-case behavior of hashes pack() format 'Z' supported pack() format modifier '!' supported pack() and unpack() support counted strings Comments in pack() templates Weak references Binary numbers supported Lvalue subroutines Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues exists() is supported on subroutine names exists() and delete() are supported on array elements Pseudo-hashes work better Automatic flushing of output buffers Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle eof() has the same old magic as <> binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes "-T" filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text" system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure Improved diagnostics Diagnostics follow STDERR More consistent close-on-exec behavior syswrite() ease-of-use Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators Bit operators support full native integer width Improved security features More functional bareword prototype (*) "require" and "do" may be overridden $^X variables may now have names longer than one character New variable $^C reflects "-c" switch New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string Optional Y2K warnings Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings Modules and Pragmata Modules attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper, DB, DBFile, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dump- value, DynaLoader, English, Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec, File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker, pod- checker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage, pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBMFile, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname, Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters Pragmata Utility Changes dprofpp find2perl h2xs perlcc perldoc The Perl Debugger Improved Documentation perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod, perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perl- hack.pod, perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, per- lopentut.pod, perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perluni- code.pod Performance enhancements Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized Optimized assignments to lexical variables Faster subroutine calls delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster Installation and Configuration Improvements -Dusethreads means something different New Configure flags Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring Long Doubles -Dusemorebits -Duselargefiles installusrbinperl SOCKS support "-A" flag Enhanced Installation Directories Platform specific changes Supported platforms DOS OS390 (OpenEdition MVS) VMS Win32 Significant bug fixes on empty files "eval '...'" improvements All compilation errors are true errors Implicitly closed filehandles are safer Behavior of list slices is more consistent "(\$)" prototype and $foo{a} "goto &sub" and AUTOLOAD "-bareword" allowed under "use integer" Failures in DESTROY() Locale bugs fixed Memory leaks Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls Taint failures under "-U" END blocks and the "-c" switch Potential to leak DATA filehandles New or Changed Diagnostics "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s, / cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecog- nized escape \\%c in character class passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too early to check proto- type, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a subrou- tine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional, Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in primeenviter: %s, Can't check filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s", Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default, Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference, constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated, defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective %s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, File- handle %s opened only for output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name, Hexadecimal num- ber > 0xffffffff non-portable, Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in primeenviter: |%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute: %s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing %sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub", No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our", No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: delbackref, panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magickillbackrefs, Parentheses missing around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string, Pos- sible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows, Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored, Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode '%s', Unknown process %x sent message to primeenviter: %s, Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a con- stant number New tests Incompatible Changes Perl Source Incompatibilities CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed, Format of $English::PERLVERSION is different, Liter- als of the form 1.2.3 parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, "undef" fails on read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles, Writing "$$1" to mean "${$}1" is unsupported, delete(), each(), values() and "\(%h)", vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS, Text of some diagnostic output has changed, "%@" has been removed, Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword prototype "(*)" have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results C Source Incompatibilities "PERLPOLLUTE", "PERLIMPLICITCONTEXT", "PERLPOLLUTEMALLOC" Compatible C Source API Changes "PATCHLEVEL" is now "PERLVERSION" Binary Incompatibilities Known Problems Thread test failures EBCDIC platforms not supported In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/iomultihomed test may hang NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with gcc UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run Arrow operator and arrays Experimental features Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak ref- erences, The pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Inter- nal implementation of file globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs: Obsolete Diagnostics Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in primeenviter, In string, @%s now must be written as \@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$" to mean "${$}" is deprecated Reporting Bugs SEE ALSO HISTORY ppeerrll55000055ddeellttaa - wwhhaatt''ss nneeww ffoorr ppeerrll55..000055 DESCRIPTION About the new versioning system Incompatible Changes WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004. Default installation structure has changed Perl Source Compatibility C Source Compatibility Binary Compatibility Security fixes may affect compatibility Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004 Licensing Core Changes Threads Compiler Regular Expressions Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regu- lar expression constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other improvements, Incompatible changes Improved malloc() Quicksort is internally implemented Reliable signals Reliable stack pointers More generous treatment of carriage returns Memory leaks Better support for multiple interpreters Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined "%!" is transparently tied to the Errno module Pseudo-hashes are supported "EXPR foreach EXPR" is supported Keywords can be globally overridden $^E is meaningful on Win32 "foreach (1..1000000)" optimized "Foo::" can be used as implicitly quoted package name "exists $Foo::{Bar::}" tests existence of a package Better locale support Experimental support for 64-bit platforms prototype() returns useful results on builtins Extended support for exception handling Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods All "printf" format conversions are handled internally New "INIT" keyword New "lock" keyword New "qr//" operator "our" is now a reserved word Tied arrays are now fully supported Tied handles support is better 4th argument to substr Negative LENGTH argument to splice Magic lvalues are now more magical <> now reads in records Supported Platforms New Platforms Changes in existing support Modules and Pragmata New Modules B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtU- tils::Installed, ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle, Thread, attrs, fields, re Changes in existing modules Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DBFile, MakeMaker, CPAN, Cwd Utility Changes Documentation Changes New Diagnostics Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element, Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in insecure regu- lar expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assum- ing package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed Obsolete Diagnostics Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for -ee: %s, Cannot open temporary file, regexp too big Configuration Changes BUGS SEE ALSO HISTORY ppeerrll55000044ddeellttaa - wwhhaatt''ss nneeww ffoorr ppeerrll55..000044 DESCRIPTION Supported Environments Core Changes List assignment to %ENV works Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003 $PERL5OPT environment variable Limitations on -MM, -mm, and -TT options More precise warnings Deprecated: Inherited "AUTOLOAD" for non-methods Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified Group vector changeable with $) Fixed parsing of $$, &$, etc. Fixed localization of $, $&, etc. No resetting of $. on implicit close "wantarray" may return undef "eval EXPR" determines value of EXPR in scalar context Changes to tainting checks No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASHENV, No spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name New Opcode module and revised Safe module Embedding improvements Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface New and changed syntax $coderef->(PARAMS) New and changed builtin constants PACKAGE New and changed builtin variables $^E, $^H, $^M New and changed builtin functions delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $ as Default, "m//gc" does not reset search position on fail- ure, "m//x" ignores whitespace before ?*+{}, nested "sub{}" closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals New builtin methods isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] ) TIEHANDLE now supported TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this Malloc enhancements -DPERLEMERGENCYSBRK, -DPACKMALLOC, -DTWOPOTOPTIMIZE Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements Support for More Operating Systems Win32 Plan 9 QNX AmigaOS Pragmata use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish Modules Required Updates Installation directories Module information summary Fcntl IO Math::Complex Math::Trig DBFile Net::Ping Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators Utility Changes pod2html Sends converted HTML to standard output xsubpp "void" XSUBs now default to returning nothing C Language API Changes "gvfetchmethod" and "perlcallsv", "perlevalpv", Extended API for manipulating hashes Documentation Changes perldelta, perlfaq, perllocale, perltoot, perlapio, perlmodlib, perldebug, perlsec New Diagnostics "my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argu- ment is not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did not return a ref- erence, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal num- ber, internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "-TT" option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized char- acter %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$" to mean "${$}" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(), Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared, Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in primeenviter, Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIBPREFIX, PERLSHDIR too long, Process terminated by SIG%s BUGS SEE ALSO HISTORY ppeerrllaarrttiissttiicc - tthhee PPeerrll AArrttiissttiicc LLiicceennssee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION The "Artistic License" Preamble Definitions "Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Rea- sonable copying fee", "Freely Available" Conditions a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d) ppeerrllggppll - tthhee GGNNUU GGeenneerraall PPuubblliicc LLiicceennssee,, vveerrssiioonn 22 SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE ppeerrllaaiixx,, RREEAADDMMEE..aaiixx - PPeerrll vveerrssiioonn 55 oonn IIBBMM UUnniixx ((AAIIXX)) ssyysstteemmss DESCRIPTION Compiling Perl 5 on AIX OS level Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX The IBM ANSI C Compiler The usenm option Using GNU's gcc for building perl Using Large Files with Perl Threaded Perl 64-bit Perl AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics AUTHOR DATE ppeerrllaammiiggaa - PPeerrll uunnddeerr AAmmiiggaa OOSS NOTE SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS UUnniixx eemmuullaattiioonn ffoorr AAmmiiggaaOOSS:: iixxeemmuull..lliibbrraarryy, VVeerrssiioonn ooff AAmmiiggaa OOSS Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS INSTALLATION Accessing documentation Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS Making Perl on AmigaOS Testing Perl on AmigaOS Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS AUTHORS SEE ALSO ppeerrllaappoolllloo,, RREEAADDMMEE..aappoolllloo - PPeerrll vveerrssiioonn 55 oonn AAppoolllloo DDoommaaiinnOOSS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR ppeerrllbbeeooss,, RREEAADDMMEE..bbeeooss - PPeerrll vveerrssiioonn 55 oonn BBeeOOSS DESCRIPTION General Issues with Perl on BeOS BeOS Release-specific Notes R4 x86, R4 PPC Contact Information Update 2002-05-30 ppeerrllbbss22000000,, RREEAADDMMEE..BBSS22000000 - bbuuiillddiinngg aanndd iinnssttaalllliinngg PPeerrll ffoorr BBSS22000000.. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION gzip on BS2000 bison on BS2000 Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000 Compiling Perl on BS2000 Testing Perl on BS2000 Installing Perl on BS2000 Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000 Using Perl in "native" BS2000 Floating point anomalies on BS2000 Using PerlIO and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions AUTHORS SEE ALSO Mailing list HISTORY ppeerrllccee - PPeerrll ffoorr WWiinnCCEE DESCRIPTION BUILD Tools & SDK Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources Make go to ./wince subdirectory, edit file compile.bat, run com- pile.bat, run compile.bat dist ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AUTHORS ppeerrllccyyggwwiinn,, RREEAADDMMEE..ccyyggwwiinn - PPeerrll ffoorr CCyyggwwiinn SYNOPSIS PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it) Cygwin Configuration "PATH", nroff, Permissions CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin "-lcrypt", "-lgdbm" ("use GDBMFile"), "-ldb" ("use DBFile"), "-lcygipc" ("use IPC::SysV"), "-lutil" Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin "-Uusedl", "-Uusemymalloc", "-Uuseperlio", "-Dusemultiplicity", "-Duse64bitint", "-Duselongdouble", "-Dusethreads", "-Duse- largefiles", "-Dmksymlinks" Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin dlsym(), Win9x and "deofnblk", Compiler/Preprocessor defines MAKE ON CYGWIN Errors on Cygwin ld2 on Cygwin TEST ON CYGWIN File Permissions on Cygwin NDBMFile and ODBMFile do not work on FAT filesystems "fork()" failures in io* tests Script Portability on Cygwin Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, .exe, "chown()", Miscellaneous INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN MANIFEST ON CYGWIN Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts BUGS ON CYGWIN AUTHORS HISTORY ppeerrllddgguuxx - PPeerrll uunnddeerr DDGG//UUXX.. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX Threaded Perl on DG/UX Testing Perl on DG/UX Installing the built perl on DG/UX AUTHOR SEE ALSO ppeerrllddooss - PPeerrll uunnddeerr DDOOSS,, WW3311,, WW9955.. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS DJGPP, Pthreads Shortcomings of Perl under DOS Building Perl on DOS Testing Perl on DOS Installation of Perl on DOS BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS Building Non-XS Modules on DOS Building XS Modules on DOS AUTHOR SEE ALSO ppeerrlleeppoocc,, RREEAADDMMEE..eeppoocc - PPeerrll ffoorr EEPPOOCC SYNOPSIS INTRODUCTION INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC STARTING PERL ON EPOC Editors on Epoc Features of Perl on Epoc Restrictions of Perl on Epoc Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC AUTHOR LAST UPDATE ppeerrllffrreeeebbssdd,, RREEAADDMMEE..ffrreeeebbssdd - PPeerrll vveerrssiioonn 55 oonn FFrreeeeBBSSDD ssyysstteemmss DESCRIPTION FreeBSD core dumps from readdirr with ithreads $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD" AUTHOR ppeerrllhhppuuxx,, RREEAADDMMEE..hhppuuxx - PPeerrll vveerrssiioonn 55 oonn HHeewwlleetttt-PPaacckkaarrdd UUnniixx ((HHPP-UUXX)) ssyysstteemmss DESCRIPTION Using perl as shipped with HP-UX Using perl from HP's porting centre Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX PA-RISC Portability Between PA-RISC Versions PA-RISC 1.0 PA-RISC 1.1 PA-RISC 2.0 Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX Itanium & Itanium 2 Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX The HP ANSI C Compiler The GNU C Compiler Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX Threaded Perl on HP-UX 64-bit Perl on HP-UX Oracle on HP-UX GDBM and Threads on HP-UX NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX perl -P and // and HP-UX HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl nssdelete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent AUTHOR DATE ppeerrllhhuurrdd,, RREEAADDMMEE..hhuurrdd - PPeerrll vveerrssiioonn 55 oonn HHuurrdd DESCRIPTION Known Problems with Perl on Hurd AUTHOR ppeerrlliirriixx,, RREEAADDMMEE..iirriixx - PPeerrll vveerrssiioonn 55 oonn IIrriixx ssyysstteemmss DESCRIPTION Building 32-bit Perl in Irix Building 64-bit Perl in Irix About Compiler Versions of Irix Linker Problems in Irix Malloc in Irix Building with threads in Irix Irix 5.3 AUTHOR ppeerrllmmaacchhtteenn,, RREEAADDMMEE..mmaacchhtteenn - PPeerrll vveerrssiioonn 55 oonn PPoowweerr MMaacchhTTeenn ssyysstteemmss DESCRIPTION Perl version 5.8.x and greater not supported Compiling Perl 5.6.x on MachTen Failures during "make test" on MachTen op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t Building external modules on MachTen AUTHOR DATE ppeerrllmmaaccooss,, RREEAADDMMEE..mmaaccooss - PPeerrll uunnddeerr MMaacc OOSS ((CCllaassssiicc)) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR DATE ppeerrllmmaaccoossxx,, RREEAADDMMEE..mmaaccoossxx - PPeerrll uunnddeerr MMaacc OOSS XX SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Installation Prefix libperl and Prebinding Updating Panther Known problems MacPerl Carbon Cocoa Starting From Scratch AUTHOR DATE ppeerrllmmiinntt,, RREEAADDMMEE..mmiinntt - PPeerrll vveerrssiioonn 55 oonn AAttaarrii MMiiNNTT DESCRIPTION Known problems with Perl on MiNT AUTHOR ppeerrllmmppeeiixx,, RREEAADDMMEE..mmppeeiixx - PPeerrll//iiXX ffoorr HHPP ee33000000 MMPPEE SYNOPSIS NOTE Binary distribution from HP What's New in Perl for MPE/iX Welcome to Perl/iX System Requirements for Perl/iX How to Obtain Perl/iX Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/, pub- lichtml/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe How to Compile Perl/iX 4, 6 Getting Started with Perl/iX MPE/iX Implementation Considerations Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation Perl/iX To-Do List Perl/iX Change History AUTHOR ppeerrllnneettwwaarree - PPeerrll ffoorr NNeettWWaarree DESCRIPTION BUILD Tools & SDK Setup SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat Make Interpreter Extensions INSTALL BUILD NEW EXTENSIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AUTHORS DATE ppeerrllooss22 - PPeerrll uunnddeerr OOSS//22,, DDOOSS,, WWiinn00..33**,, WWiinn00..9955 aanndd WWiinnNNTT.. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Target Other OSes Prerequisites EMX, RSX, HPFS, pdksh Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...) Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl Frequently asked questions "It does not work" I cannot run external programs I cannot embed perl into my program, or use perl.dll from my pro- gram. Is your program EMX-compiled with "-Zmt -Zcrtdll"?, Did you use ExtUtils::Embed? `` and pipe-"open" do not work under DOS. Cannot start "find.exe "pattern" file" INSTALLATION Automatic binary installation "PERLBADLANG", "PERLBADFREE", Config.pm Manual binary installation Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl VIO executable (statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library, Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation, Perl manual in .INF format, Pdksh WWaarrnniinngg Accessing documentation OS/2 .INF file Plain text Manpages HTML GNU "info" files PDF files "LaTeX" docs BUILD The short story Prerequisites Getting perl source Application of the patches Hand-editing Making Testing A lot of "bad free", Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, op/fs.t, op/stat.t Installing the built perl "a.out"-style build Building a binary distribution Building custom .EXE files Making executables with a custom collection of statically loaded extensions Making executables with a custom search-paths Build FAQ Some "/" became "\" in pdksh. 'errno' - unresolved external Problems with tr or sed Some problem (forget which ;-) Library ... not found Segfault in make op/sprintf test failure Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port "setpriority", "getpriority" "system()" "extproc" on the first line Additional modules: Prebuilt methods: "File::Copy::syscopy", "DynaLoader::mod2fname", "Cwd::cur- rentdrive()", "Cwd::syschdir(name)", "Cwd::changedrive(name)", "Cwd::sysisabsolute(name)", "Cwd::sysisrooted(name)", "Cwd::sysisrelative(name)", "Cwd::syscwd(name)", "Cwd::sysabspath(name, dir)", "Cwd::extLibpath([type])", "Cwd::extLibpathset( path [, type ] )", "OS2::Error(doharder- ror,doexception)", "OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)", OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), "OS2::MorphPM(serve)", "OS2::UnMor- phPM(serve)", "OS2::ServeMessages(force)", "OS2::ProcessMes- sages(force [, cnt])", "OS2::control87(new,mask)", OS2::getcontrol87(), "OS2::setcon- trol87em(new=MCWEM,mask=MCWEM)", "OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])" Prebuilt variables: $OS2::emxrev, $OS2::emxenv, $OS2::osver, $OS2::isaout, $OS2::canfork, $OS2::nsyserror Misfeatures Modifications "popen", "tmpnam", "tmpfile", "ctermid", "stat", "mkdir", "rmdir", "flock" Identifying DLLs Centralized management of resources "HAB", "HMQ", Treating errors reported by OS/2 API, "CheckOSEr- ror(expr)", "CheckWinError(expr)", "SaveWinError(expr)", "Save- CroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)", "WinError2Perlrc", "FillWinError", "FillOSError(rc)", Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs Perl flavors perl.exe perl.exe perl.exe perl.exe Why strange names? Why dynamic linking? Why chimera build? ENVIRONMENT "PERLLIBPREFIX" "PERLBADLANG" "PERLBADFREE" "PERLSHDIR" "USEPERLFLOCK" "TMP" or "TEMP" Evolution Text-mode filehandles Priorities DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2 DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond Global DLLs, specific DLLs, "BEGINLIBPATH" and "ENDLIBPATH", . from "LIBPATH" DLL forwarder generation Threading Calls to external programs Memory allocation Threads "CONDWAIT", os2.c BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO ppeerrllooss339900,, RREEAADDMMEE..ooss339900 - bbuuiillddiinngg aanndd iinnssttaalllliinngg PPeerrll ffoorr OOSS//339900 aanndd zz//OOSS SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Tools Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390 Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390 Configure Perl on OS/390 Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390 Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390 Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390 Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390 AUTHORS SEE ALSO Mailing list for Perl on OS/390 HISTORY ppeerrllooss440000,, RREEAADDMMEE..ooss440000 - PPeerrll vveerrssiioonn 55 oonn OOSS//440000 DESCRIPTION Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE Using Perl in OS/400 PASE Known Problems Perl on ILE AUTHORS ppeerrllppllaann99 - PPllaann 99-ssppeecciiffiicc ddooccuummeennttaattiioonn ffoorr PPeerrll DESCRIPTION Invoking Perl What's in Plan 9 Perl What's not in Plan 9 Perl Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl Signals in Plan 9 Perl COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9 Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9 BUGS Revision date AUTHOR ppeerrllqqnnxx,, RREEAADDMMEE..qqnnxx - PPeerrll vveerrssiioonn 55 oonn QQNNXX DESCRIPTION Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4 /bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4 QNX auxiliary files qnx/ar, qnx/cpp Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6 AUTHOR ppeerrllssoollaarriiss,, RREEAADDMMEE..ssoollaarriiss - PPeerrll vveerrssiioonn 55 oonn SSoollaarriiss ssyysstteemmss DESCRIPTION Solaris Version Numbers. RESOURCES Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation SETTING UP File Extraction Problems on Solaris. Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris. Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris RUN CONFIGURE. 64-bit perl on Solaris. Threads in perl on Solaris. Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris. MAKE PROBLEMS. Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal: relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No DATAMODELNATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found MAKE TEST op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris nssdelete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS. RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS. Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris. SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES. SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES. Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris BSD::Resource on Solaris Net::SSLeay on Solaris SunOS 4.x AUTHOR LAST MODIFIED ppeerrllttrruu6644,, RREEAADDMMEE..ttrruu6644 - PPeerrll vveerrssiioonn 55 oonn TTrruu6644 ((ffoorrmmeerrllyy kknnoowwnn aass DDiiggiittaall UUNNIIXX ffoorrmmeerrllyy kknnoowwnn aass DDEECC OOSSFF//11)) ssyysstteemmss DESCRIPTION Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64 Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64 Threaded Perl on Tru64 Long Doubles on Tru64 DBFile tests failing on Tru64 64-bit Perl on Tru64 Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64 Testing Perl on Tru64 ext/ODBMFile/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark AUTHOR ppeerrlluuttss - PPeerrll uunnddeerr UUTTSS SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUILDING PERL ON UTS Installing the built perl on UTS AUTHOR ppeerrllvvmmeessaa,, RREEAADDMMEE..vvmmeessaa - bbuuiillddiinngg aanndd iinnssttaalllliinngg PPeerrll ffoorr VVMM//EESSAA.. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA Configure Perl on VM/ESA Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA AUTHORS SEE ALSO Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA ppeerrllvvmmss - VVMMSS-ssppeecciiffiicc ddooccuummeennttaattiioonn ffoorr PPeerrll DESCRIPTION Installation Organization of Perl Images Core Images Perl Extensions Installing static extensions Installing dynamic extensions File specifications Syntax Wildcard expansion Pipes PERL5LIB and PERLLIB Command line I/O redirection and backgrounding Command line switches -i, -S, -u Perl functions File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump, exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select (system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime LIST, waitpid PID,FLAGS Perl variables %ENV, CRTLENV, CLISYM[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $| Standard modules with VMS-specific differences SDBMFile Revision date AUTHOR ppeerrllvvooss,, RREEAADDMMEE..vvooss - PPeerrll ffoorr SSttrraattuuss VVOOSS SYNOPSIS Multiple methods to build perl for VOS Stratus POSIX Support INSTALLING PERL IN VOS Compiling Perl 5 on VOS Installing Perl 5 on VOS USING PERL IN VOS Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS Restrictions of Perl on VOS Handling of underflow and overflow TEST STATUS SUPPORT STATUS AUTHOR LAST UPDATE ppeerrllwwiinn3322 - PPeerrll uunnddeerr WWiinnddoowwss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Setting Up Perl on Win32 Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Visual C++ Toolkit 2003, Microsoft Platform SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW release 3 with gcc, MinGW release 1 with gcc Building Testing Perl on Win32 Installation of Perl on Win32 Usage Hints for Perl on Win32 Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the com- mand line, Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expan- sion, Win32 Specific Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows Running Perl Scripts Miscellaneous Things BUGS AND CAVEATS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AUTHORS Gary Ng <71564.1743@CompuServe.COM>, Gurusamy Sarathy , Nick Ing-Simmons SEE ALSO HISTORY PPRRAAGGMMAA DDOOCCUUMMEENNTTAATTIIOONN aattttrrss - sseett//ggeett aattttrriibbuutteess ooff aa ssuubbrroouuttiinnee ((ddeepprreeccaatteedd)) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION method, locked rree - PPeerrll pprraaggmmaa ttoo aalltteerr rreegguullaarr eexxpprreessssiioonn bbeehhaavviioouurr SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION tthhrreeaaddsshhaarreedd::::sshhaarreedd,, tthhrreeaaddss::::sshhaarreedd - PPeerrll eexxtteennssiioonn ffoorr sshhaarriinngg ddaattaa ssttrruuccttuurreess bbeettwweeeenn tthhrreeaaddss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXPORT FUNCTIONS share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, condwait VARIABLE, condwait COND- VAR, LOCKVAR, condtimedwait VARIABLE, ABSTIMEOUT, condtimedwait CONDVAR, ABSTIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, condsignal VARIABLE, condbroadcast VARIABLE NOTES BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO tthhrreeaaddss - PPeerrll eexxtteennssiioonn aalllloowwiinngg uussee ooff iinntteerrpprreetteerr bbaasseedd tthhrreeaaddss ffrroomm ppeerrll SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION $thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach, threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();, threads->list();, async BLOCK; WARNINGS A thread exited while %d other threads were still running TODO BUGS Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN blocks, PERLOLDSIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT SEE ALSO aattttrriibbuutteess - ggeett//sseett ssuubbrroouuttiinnee oorr vvaarriiaabbllee aattttrriibbuutteess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Built-in Attributes locked, method, lvalue Available Subroutines get, reftype Package-specific Attribute Handling FETCHtypeATTRIBUTES, MODIFYtypeATTRIBUTES Syntax of Attribute Lists EXPORTS Default exports Available exports Export tags defined EXAMPLES SEE ALSO aauuttoouussee - ppoossttppoonnee llooaadd ooff mmoodduulleess uunnttiill aa ffuunnccttiioonn iiss uusseedd SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION WARNING AUTHOR SEE ALSO bbaassee - EEssttaabblliisshh IISS-AA rreellaattiioonnsshhiipp wwiitthh bbaassee ccllaasssseess aatt ccoommppiillee ttiimmee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DIAGNOSTICS Base class package "%s" is empty HISTORY CAVEATS SEE ALSO bbiiggiinntt - TTrraannssppaarreenntt BBiiggIInntteeggeerr ssuuppppoorrtt ffoorr PPeerrll SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or ver- sion MATH LIBRARY INTERNAL FORMAT SIGN METHODS CAVEAT MODULES USED EXAMPLES LICENSE SEE ALSO AUTHORS bbiiggnnuumm - TTrraannssppaarreenntt BBiiggNNuummbbeerr ssuuppppoorrtt ffoorr PPeerrll SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or ver- sion METHODS CAVEAT inf(), NaN(), upgrade() MATH LIBRARY INTERNAL FORMAT SIGN MODULES USED EXAMPLES LICENSE SEE ALSO AUTHORS bbiiggrraatt - TTrraannssppaarreenntt BBiiggNNuummbbeerr//BBiiggRRaattiioonnaall ssuuppppoorrtt ffoorr PPeerrll SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION MODULES USED MATH LIBRARY SIGN METHODS CAVEAT EXAMPLES perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)' perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255' perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255' perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3' perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->isodd()'; LICENSE SEE ALSO AUTHORS bblliibb - UUssee MMaakkeeMMaakkeerr''ss uunniinnssttaalllleedd vveerrssiioonn ooff aa ppaacckkaaggee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS AUTHOR bbyytteess - PPeerrll pprraaggmmaa ttoo ffoorrccee bbyyttee sseemmaannttiiccss rraatthheerr tthhaann cchhaarraacctteerr sseemmaannttiiccss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION LIMITATIONS SEE ALSO cchhaarrnnaammeess - ddeeffiinnee cchhaarraacctteerr nnaammeess ffoorr ""\\NN{{nnaammeedd}}"" ssttrriinngg lliitteerraall eessccaappeess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CUSTOM TRANSLATORS CUSTOM ALIASES Anonymous hashes Alias file Alias shortcut charnames::viacode(code) charnames::vianame(name) ALIASES ILLEGAL CHARACTERS BUGS ccoonnssttaanntt - PPeerrll pprraaggmmaa ttoo ddeeccllaarree ccoonnssttaannttss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTES List constants Defining multiple constants at once Magic constants TECHNICAL NOTES BUGS AUTHOR COPYRIGHT ddiiaaggnnoossttiiccss,, ssppllaaiinn - pprroodduuccee vveerrbboossee wwaarrnniinngg ddiiaaggnnoossttiiccss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION The "diagnostics" Pragma The splain Program EXAMPLES INTERNALS BUGS AUTHOR eennccooddiinngg - aalllloowwss yyoouu ttoo wwrriittee yyoouurr ssccrriipptt iinn nnoonn-aasscciiii oorr nnoonn-uuttff88 SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT Literal Conversions PerlIO layers for "STD(IN|OUT)" Implicit upgrading for byte strings FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle USAGE use encoding [ENCNAME] ;, use encoding ENCNAME [ STDIN => ENC- NAMEIN ...] ;, use encoding ENCNAME Filter=>1;, no encoding; The Filter Option Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87 CAVEATS NOT SCOPED DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS tr/// with ranges Legend of characters above EXAMPLE - Greekperl KNOWN PROBLEMS literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format The Logic of :locale HISTORY SEE ALSO ffiieellddss - ccoommppiillee-ttiimmee ccllaassss ffiieellddss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION new, phash SEE ALSO ffiilleetteesstt - PPeerrll pprraaggmmaa ttoo ccoonnttrrooll tthhee ffiilleetteesstt ppeerrmmiissssiioonn ooppeerraattoorrss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION subpragma access iiff - ""uussee"" aa PPeerrll mmoodduullee iiff aa ccoonnddiittiioonn hhoollddss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS AUTHOR iinntteeggeerr - PPeerrll pprraaggmmaa ttoo uussee iinntteeggeerr aarriitthhmmeettiicc iinnsstteeaadd ooff ffllooaattiinngg ppooiinntt SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION lleessss - ppeerrll pprraaggmmaa ttoo rreeqquueesstt lleessss ooff ssoommeetthhiinngg ffrroomm tthhee ccoommppiilleerr SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION lliibb - mmaanniippuullaattee @@IINNCC aatt ccoommppiillee ttiimmee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Adding directories to @INC Deleting directories from @INC Restoring original @INC CAVEATS NOTES SEE ALSO AUTHOR llooccaallee - PPeerrll pprraaggmmaa ttoo uussee aanndd aavvooiidd PPOOSSIIXX llooccaalleess ffoorr bbuuiilltt-iinn ooppeerraa- ttiioonnss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ooppeenn - ppeerrll pprraaggmmaa ttoo sseett ddeeffaauulltt PPeerrllIIOO llaayyeerrss ffoorr iinnppuutt aanndd oouuttppuutt SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS SEE ALSO ooppss - PPeerrll pprraaggmmaa ttoo rreessttrriicctt uunnssaaffee ooppeerraattiioonnss wwhheenn ccoommppiilliinngg SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO oovveerrllooaadd - PPaacckkaaggee ffoorr oovveerrllooaaddiinngg ppeerrll ooppeerraattiioonnss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Declaration of overloaded functions Calling Conventions for Binary Operations FALSE, TRUE, "undef" Calling Conventions for Unary Operations Calling Conventions for Mutators "++" and "-", "x=" and other assignment versions Overloadable Operations Arithmetic operations, Comparison operations, Bit operations, Increment and decrement, Transcendental functions, Boolean, string and numeric conversion, Iteration, Dereferencing, Spe- cial Inheritance and overloading Strings as values of "use overload" directive, Overloading of an operation is inherited by derived classes SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR "use overload" Last Resort Fallback "undef", TRUE, defined, but FALSE Copy Constructor EExxaammppllee MAGIC AUTOGENERATION Assignment forms of arithmetic operations, Conversion operations, Increment and decrement, "abs($a)", Unary minus, Negation, Concate- nation, Comparison operations, Iterator, Dereferencing, Copy opera- tor Losing overloading Run-time Overloading Public functions overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), over- load::Method(obj,op) Overloading constants integer, float, binary, q, qr IMPLEMENTATION Metaphor clash Cookbook Two-face scalars Two-face references Symbolic calculator Really symbolic calculator AUTHOR DIAGNOSTICS Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable type, `%s' is not a code reference BUGS ssiiggttrraapp - PPeerrll pprraaggmmaa ttoo eennaabbllee ssiimmppllee ssiiggnnaall hhaannddlliinngg SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS SIGNAL HANDLERS ssttaacckk-ttrraaccee, ddiiee, hhaannddlleerr your-handler SIGNAL LISTS nnoorrmmaall-ssiiggnnaallss, eerrrroorr-ssiiggnnaallss, oolldd-iinntteerrffaaccee-ssiiggnnaallss OTHER uunnttrraappppeedd, aannyy, signal, number EXAMPLES ssoorrtt - ppeerrll pprraaggmmaa ttoo ccoonnttrrooll sort() bbeehhaavviioouurr SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CAVEATS ssttrriicctt - PPeerrll pprraaggmmaa ttoo rreessttrriicctt uunnssaaffee ccoonnssttrruuccttss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION "strict refs", "strict vars", "strict subs" HISTORY ssuubbss - PPeerrll pprraaggmmaa ttoo pprreeddeeccllaarree ssuubb nnaammeess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION tthhrreeaaddsshhaarreedd,, tthhrreeaaddss::::sshhaarreedd - PPeerrll eexxtteennssiioonn ffoorr sshhaarriinngg ddaattaa ssttrruucc- ttuurreess bbeettwweeeenn tthhrreeaaddss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXPORT FUNCTIONS share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, condwait VARIABLE, condwait COND- VAR, LOCKVAR, condtimedwait VARIABLE, ABSTIMEOUT, condtimedwait CONDVAR, ABSTIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, condsignal VARIABLE, condbroadcast VARIABLE NOTES BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO uuttff88 - PPeerrll pprraaggmmaa ttoo eennaabbllee//ddiissaabbllee UUTTFF-88 ((oorr UUTTFF-EEBBCCDDIICC)) iinn ssoouurrccee ccooddee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Utility functions $numoctets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::down- grade($string[, FAILOK]), utf8::encode($string), utf8::decode($string), $flag = utf8::isutf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING) BUGS SEE ALSO vvaarrss - PPeerrll pprraaggmmaa ttoo pprreeddeeccllaarree gglloobbaall vvaarriiaabbllee nnaammeess ((oobbssoolleettee)) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION vvmmssiisshh - PPeerrll pprraaggmmaa ttoo ccoonnttrrooll VVMMSS-ssppeecciiffiicc llaanngguuaaggee ffeeaattuurreess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION "vmsish status", "vmsish exit", "vmsish time", "vmsish hushed" wwaarrnniinnggss - PPeerrll pprraaggmmaa ttoo ccoonnttrrooll ooppttiioonnaall wwaarrnniinnggss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warn- ings::enabled($category), warnings::enabled($object), warn- ings::warn($message), warnings::warn($category, $message), warn- ings::warn($object, $message), warnings::warnif($message), warn- ings::warnif($category, $message), warnings::warnif($object, $mes- sage) wwaarrnniinnggss::::rreeggiisstteerr - wwaarrnniinnggss iimmppoorrtt ffuunnccttiioonn SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION MMOODDUULLEE DDOOCCUUMMEENNTTAATTIIOONN AAnnyyDDBBMMFFiillee - pprroovviiddee ffrraammeewwoorrkk ffoorr mmuullttiippllee DDBBMMss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DBM Comparisons [0], [1], [2], [3] SEE ALSO AAttttrriibbuuttee::::HHaannddlleerrss - SSiimmpplleerr ddeeffiinniittiioonn ooff aattttrriibbuuttee hhaannddlleerrss VERSION SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] Typed lexicals Type-specific attribute handlers Non-interpretive attribute handlers Phase-specific attribute handlers Attributes as "tie" interfaces EXAMPLES DIAGNOSTICS "Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)", "Attribute handler %s doesn't han- dle %s attributes", "Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with future reserved word", "Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine", "Can't autotie a %s", "Internal error: %s sym- bol went missing", "Won't be able to apply END handler" AUTHOR BUGS COPYRIGHT AAuuttooLLooaaddeerr - llooaadd ssuubbrroouuttiinneess oonnllyy oonn ddeemmaanndd SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Subroutine Stubs Using AAuuttooLLooaaddeerr's AUTOLOAD Subroutine Overriding AAuuttooLLooaaddeerr's AUTOLOAD Subroutine Package Lexicals Not Using AutoLoader AAuuttooLLooaaddeerr vs. SSeellffLLooaaddeerr CAVEATS SEE ALSO AAuuttooSSpplliitt - sspplliitt aa ppaacckkaaggee ffoorr aauuttoollooaaddiinngg SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION $keep, $check, $modtime Multiple packages DIAGNOSTICS B The Perl Compiler SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OVERVIEW Utility Functions Functions Returning "B::SV", "B::AV", "B::HV", and "B::CV" objects svundef, svyes, svno, svref2object(SVREF), amagicgenera- tion, initav, checkav, beginav, endav, comppadlist, regexpadav, maincv Functions for Examining the Symbol Table walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX) Functions Returning "B::OP" objects or for walking op trees mainroot, mainstart, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkop- treedebug(DEBUG) Miscellaneous Utility Functions ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), castI32(I), minusc, cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsvnames OVERVIEW OF CLASSES SV-RELATED CLASSES B::SV Methods REFCNT, FLAGS, object2svref B::IV Methods IV, IVX, UVX, intvalue, needs64bits, packiv B::NV Methods NV, NVX B::RV Methods RV B::PV Methods PV, RV, PVX B::PVMG Methods MAGIC, SvSTASH B::MAGIC Methods MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX B::PVLV Methods TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG B::BM Methods USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE B::GV Methods isempty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN, LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS B::IO Methods LINES, PAGE, PAGELEN, LINESLEFT, TOPNAME, TOPGV, FMTNAME, FMTGV, BOTTOMNAME, BOTTOMGV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD B::AV Methods FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, AvFLAGS B::CV Methods STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUT- SIDESEQ, XSUB, XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, constsv B::HV Methods FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY OP-RELATED CLASSES B::OP Methods next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, opt, static, flags, private, spare B::UNOP METHOD first B::BINOP METHOD last B::LOGOP METHOD other B::LISTOP METHOD children B::PMOP Methods pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags, pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffset B::SVOP METHOD sv, gv B::PADOP METHOD padix B::PVOP METHOD pv B::LOOP Methods redoop, nextop, lastop B::COP Methods label, stash, stashpv, file, copseq, arybase, line, warnings, io AUTHOR BB::::AAssmmddaattaa - AAuuttooggeenneerraatteedd ddaattaa aabboouutt PPeerrll ooppss,, uusseedd ttoo ggeenneerraattee bbyyttee- ccooddee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION %insndata, @insnname, @optype, @specialsvname AUTHOR BB::::AAsssseemmbblleerr - AAsssseemmbbllee PPeerrll bbyytteeccooddee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHORS BB::::BBbblloocckk - WWaallkk bbaassiicc bblloocckkss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Functions ffiinnddlleeaaddeerrss AUTHOR BB::::BByytteeccooddee - PPeerrll ccoommppiilleerr''ss bbyytteeccooddee bbaacckkeenndd SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE OPTIONS -bb, -HH, -kk, -oooutfile, -ss KNOWN BUGS NOTICE AUTHORS BB::::CC - PPeerrll ccoommppiilleerr''ss CC bbaacckkeenndd SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS -ooffiilleennaammee, -vv, --, -uuPPaacckknnaammee, -DD, -DDoo, -DDcc, -DDAA, -DDCC, -DDMM, -ff, -ffccoogg, -ffssaavvee-ddaattaa, -ffppppaaddddrr, -ffwwaarrnn-ssvv, -ffuussee-ssccrriipptt-nnaammee, -ffssaavvee-ssiigg-hhaasshh, -OOnn, -OO00, -OO11, -OO22, -lllliimmiitt EXAMPLES BUGS AUTHOR BB::::CCCC - PPeerrll ccoommppiilleerr''ss ooppttiimmiizzeedd CC ttrraannssllaattiioonn bbaacckkeenndd SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS -ooffiilleennaammee, -vv, --, -uuPPaacckknnaammee, -mmMMoodduulleennaammee, -DD, -DDrr, -DDOO, -DDss, -DDpp, -DDqq, -DDll, -DDtt, -ff, -ffffrreeeettmmppss-eeaacchh-bbbblloocckk, -ffffrreeeettmmppss-eeaacchh-lloooopp, -ffoommiitt-ttaaiinntt, -OOnn EXAMPLES BUGS DIFFERENCES Loops Context of ".." Arithmetic Deprecated features AUTHOR BB::::CCoonncciissee - WWaallkk PPeerrll ssyynnttaaxx ttrreeee,, pprriinnttiinngg ccoonncciissee iinnffoo aabboouutt ooppss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE OPTIONS Options for Opcode Ordering -bbaassiicc, -eexxeecc, -ttrreeee Options for Line-Style -ccoonncciissee, -tteerrssee, -lliinneennooiissee, -ddeebbuugg, -eennvv Options for tree-specific formatting -ccoommppaacctt, -lloooossee, -vvtt, -aasscciiii Options controlling sequence numbering -bbaasseen, -bbiiggeennddiiaann, -lliittttlleeeennddiiaann Other options -mmaaiinn, -nnoommaaiinn, -nnoobbaannnneerr, -bbaannnneerr, -bbaannnneerriiss => subref Option Stickiness ABBREVIATIONS OP class abbreviations OP flags abbreviations FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS Special Patterns ((xx((exectext;;basictext))xx)), ((**((text))**)), ((**((text1;;text2))**)), ((??((text1##varText2))??)), ~~ # Variables ##var, ##varN, ##Var, ##aaddddrr, ##aarrgg, ##ccllaassss, ##ccllaassssssyymm, ##ccooppllaabbeell, ##eexxnnaammee, ##eexxttaarrgg, ##ffiirrssttaaddddrr, ##ffllaaggss, ##ffllaaggvvaall, ##hhyypphhsseeqq, #label #lastaddr, #name #NAME, #next #nextaddr, #noise ##pprriivvaattee, ##pprriivvvvaall, ##sseeqq, ##sseeqqnnuumm, ##oopptt, ##ssttaattiicc, ##ssiibbaaddddrr, ##ssvvaaddddrr, ##ssvvccllaassss, ##ssvvvvaall, ##ttaarrgg, ##ttaarrggaarrgg, ##ttaarrggaarrgglliiffee, ##ttyyppeennuumm Using B::Concise outside of the O framework Example: Altering Concise Renderings setstyle() setstylestandard($name) addstyle() addcallback() Running B::Concise::compile() B::Concise::resetsequence() Errors AUTHOR BB::::DDeebbuugg - WWaallkk PPeerrll ssyynnttaaxx ttrreeee,, pprriinnttiinngg ddeebbuugg iinnffoo aabboouutt ooppss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR BB::::DDeeppaarrssee - PPeerrll ccoommppiilleerr bbaacckkeenndd ttoo pprroodduuccee ppeerrll ccooddee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS -dd, -ffFILE, -ll, -pp, -PP, -qq, -ssLETTERS, CC, iiNUMBER, TT, vvSTRING.., -xxLEVEL USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE Synopsis Description new ambientpragmas strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hintbits, warningbits coderef2text BUGS AUTHOR BB::::DDiissaasssseemmbblleerr - DDiissaasssseemmbbllee PPeerrll bbyytteeccooddee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR BB::::LLiinntt - PPeerrll lliinntt SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS ccoonntteexxtt, iimmpplliicciitt-rreeaadd and iimmpplliicciitt-wwrriittee, bbaarree-ssuubbss, ddoollllaarr-uunnddeerr- ssccoorree, pprriivvaattee-nnaammeess, uunnddeeffiinneedd-ssuubbss, rreeggeexxpp-vvaarriiaabblleess, aallll, nnoonnee NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS -uu PPaacckkaaggee BUGS AUTHOR BB::::OO,, OO - GGeenneerriicc iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo PPeerrll CCoommppiilleerr bbaacckkeennddss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONVENTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BUGS AUTHOR BB::::SShhoowwlleexx - SShhooww lleexxiiccaall vvaarriiaabblleess uusseedd iinn ffuunnccttiioonnss oorr ffiilleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES OPTIONS SEE ALSO TODO AUTHOR BB::::SSttaacckkoobbjj - HHeellppeerr mmoodduullee ffoorr CCCC bbaacckkeenndd SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR BB::::SSttaasshh - sshhooww wwhhaatt ssttaasshheess aarree llooaaddeedd BB::::TTeerrssee - WWaallkk PPeerrll ssyynnttaaxx ttrreeee,, pprriinnttiinngg tteerrssee iinnffoo aabboouutt ooppss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR BB::::XXrreeff - GGeenneerraatteess ccrroossss rreeffeerreennccee rreeppoorrttss ffoorr PPeerrll pprrooggrraammss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPTIONS "-oFILENAME", "-r", "-d", "-D[tO]" BUGS AUTHOR BBbblloocckk,, BB::::BBbblloocckk - WWaallkk bbaassiicc bblloocckkss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Functions ffiinnddlleeaaddeerrss AUTHOR BBeenncchhmmaarrkk - bbeenncchhmmaarrkk rruunnnniinngg ttiimmeess ooff PPeerrll ccooddee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Methods new, debug, iters Standard Exports timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ), timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr ( TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] ) Optional Exports clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE), disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 ) :hireswallclock NOTES EXAMPLES INHERITANCE CAVEATS SEE ALSO AUTHORS MODIFICATION HISTORY BByytteeLLooaaddeerr - llooaadd bbyyttee ccoommppiilleedd ppeerrll ccooddee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR SEE ALSO BByytteeccooddee,, BB::::BByytteeccooddee - PPeerrll ccoommppiilleerr''ss bbyytteeccooddee bbaacckkeenndd SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE OPTIONS -bb, -HH, -kk, -oooutfile, -ss KNOWN BUGS NOTICE AUTHORS CCGGII - SSiimmppllee CCoommmmoonn GGaatteewwaayy IInntteerrffaaccee CCllaassss SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION PROGRAMMING STYLE CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE): CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY: FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT: FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER: SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER: APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER: IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE: DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY: DELETING ALL PARAMETERS: DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST: FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH: SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE: RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE ::ccggii, ::ffoorrmm, ::hhttmmll22, ::hhttmmll33, ::hhttmmll44, ::nneettssccaappee, ::hhttmmll, ::ssttaann- ddaarrdd, ::aallll PRAGMAS -any, -compile, -nosticky, -noundefparams, -noxhtml, -nph, -newstyleurls, -oldstyleurls, -autoload, -nodebug, -debug, -privatetempfiles SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS 1. starttable() (generates a tag), 2. endtable() (generates a tag), 3. startul() (generates a tag), 4. endul() (generates a tag) GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER: GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER PPaarraammeetteerrss::, 4, 5, 6.. ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT: CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION: OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL -aabbssoolluuttee, -rreellaattiivvee, -ffuullll, -ppaatthh (-ppaatthhiinnffoo), -qquueerryy (-qquueerryyssttrriinngg), -bbaassee MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS: PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS AUTOESCAPING HTML $escapedstring = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset = charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]); PRETTY-PRINTING HTML CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS: CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG STARTING AND ENDING A FORM aapppplliiccaattiioonn//xx-wwwwww-ffoorrmm-uurrlleennccooddeedd, mmuullttiippaarrtt//ffoorrmm-ddaattaa CREATING A TEXT FIELD PPaarraammeetteerrss CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD PPaarraammeetteerrss CREATING A POPUP MENU CREATING AN OPTION GROUP CREATING A SCROLLING LIST PPaarraammeetteerrss:: CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES PPaarraammeetteerrss:: CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX PPaarraammeetteerrss:: CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP PPaarraammeetteerrss:: CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON PPaarraammeetteerrss:: CREATING A RESET BUTTON CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD PPaarraammeetteerrss:: CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON PPaarraammeetteerrss::, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON HTTP COOKIES 1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag, -nnaammee, -vvaalluuee, -ppaatthh, -ddoommaaiinn, -eexxppiirreess, -sseeccuurree WORKING WITH FRAMES 1. Create a document, 2. Specify the destination for the document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in the tag LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS DEBUGGING DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES AAcccceepptt(()), rraawwccooookkiiee(()), uusseerraaggeenntt(()), ppaatthhiinnffoo(()), ppaatthhttrraannss- llaatteedd(()), rreemmootteehhoosstt(()), ssccrriippttnnaammee(()) Return the script name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, rreeffeerreerr(()), aauutthhttyyppee (()), sseerrvveerrnnaammee (()), vviirrttuuaallhhoosstt (()), sseerrvveerrppoorrtt (()), vviirrttuuaallppoorrtt (()), sseerrvveerrssooffttwwaarree (()), rreemmootteeuusseerr (()), uusseerrnnaammee (()), rreeqquueessttmmeetthhoodd(()), ccoonntteennttttyyppee(()), hhttttpp(()), hhttttppss(()) USING NPH SCRIPTS In the uussee statement, By calling the nnpphh(()) method:, By using -nnpphh parameters Server Push multipartinit(), multipartstart(), multipartend(), multi- partfinal() Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks $$CCGGII::::PPOOSSTTMMAAXX, $$CCGGII::::DDIISSAABBLLEEUUPPLLOOAADDSS, 11.. OOnn aa ssccrriipptt-bbyy-ssccrriipptt bbaassiiss, 22.. GGlloobbaallllyy ffoorr aallll ssccrriippttss COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL AUTHOR INFORMATION CREDITS Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor (james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish , Mike Jewell (mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg (jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick (applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis (tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen (tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@ful- crum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks (kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug MacEachern (dougm@open- group.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org), ...and many many more.. A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT BUGS SEE ALSO CCGGII::::AAppaacchhee - BBaacckkwwaarrdd ccoommppaattiibbiilliittyy mmoodduullee ffoorr CCGGII..ppmm SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION AUTHOR INFORMATION BUGS SEE ALSO CCGGII::::CCaarrpp,, CCGGII::::CCaarrpp - CCGGII rroouuttiinneess ffoorr wwrriittiinngg ttoo tthhee HHTTTTPPDD ((oorr ootthheerr)) eerrrroorr lloogg SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW Changing the default message MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM AUTHORS SEE ALSO CCGGII::::CCooookkiiee - IInntteerrffaaccee ttoo NNeettssccaappee CCooookkiieess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION USING CGI::Cookie 11.. eexxppiirraattiioonn ddaattee, 22.. ddoommaaiinn, 33.. ppaatthh, 44.. sseeccuurree ffllaagg Creating New Cookies Sending the Cookie to the Browser Recovering Previous Cookies Manipulating Cookies nnaammee(()), vvaalluuee(()), ddoommaaiinn(()), ppaatthh(()), eexxppiirreess(()) AUTHOR INFORMATION BUGS SEE ALSO CCGGII::::FFaasstt - CCGGII IInntteerrffaaccee ffoorr FFaasstt CCGGII SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION FCGISOCKETPATH, FCGILISTENQUEUE CAVEATS AUTHOR INFORMATION BUGS SEE ALSO CCGGII::::PPrreettttyy - mmoodduullee ttoo pprroodduuccee nniicceellyy ffoorrmmaatttteedd HHTTMMLL ccooddee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Tags that won't be formatted Customizing the Indenting BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO CCGGII::::PPuusshh - SSiimmppllee IInntteerrffaaccee ttoo SSeerrvveerr PPuusshh SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION USING CGI::Push -nextpage, -lastpage, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph Heterogeneous Pages Changing the Page Delay on the Fly INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS AUTHOR INFORMATION BUGS SEE ALSO CCGGII::::SSwwiittcchh - BBaacckkwwaarrdd ccoommppaattiibbiilliittyy mmoodduullee ffoorr ddeeffuunncctt CCGGII::::SSwwiittcchh SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION AUTHOR INFORMATION BUGS SEE ALSO CCGGII::::UUttiill - IInntteerrnnaall uuttiilliittiieess uusseedd bbyy CCGGII mmoodduullee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR INFORMATION SEE ALSO CCPPAANN - qquueerryy,, ddoowwnnllooaadd aanndd bbuuiilldd ppeerrll mmoodduulleess ffrroomm CCPPAANN ssiitteess SYNOPSIS STATUS DESCRIPTION Interactive Mode Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test, install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or distribution, ls author, Signals CPAN::Shell autobundle recompile The four "CPAN::*" Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution Programmer's interface expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples Methods in the other Classes CPAN::Author::asglimpse(), CPAN::Author::asstring(), CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(), CPAN::Bundle::asglimpse(), CPAN::Bun- dle::asstring(), CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::con- tains(), CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bun- dle::get(), CPAN::Bundle::instfile(), CPAN::Bundle::instver- sion(), CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(), CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bun- dle::test(), CPAN::Distribution::asglimpse(), CPAN::Distribu- tion::asstring(), CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribu- tion::containsmods(), CPAN::Distribution::cvsimport(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(), CPAN::Distribu- tion::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(), CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isaperl(), CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(), CPAN::Distribution::prereqpm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(), CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), CPAN::Index::forcereload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), CPAN::Module::asglimpse(), CPAN::Mod- ule::asstring(), CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Mod- ule::cpanfile(), CPAN::Module::cpanversion(), CPAN::Mod- ule::cvsimport(), CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Mod- ule::force($method,@args), CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Mod- ule::instfile(), CPAN::Module::instversion(), CPAN::Mod- ule::install(), CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(), CPAN::Module::manpageheadline(), CPAN::Module::readme(), CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Mod- ule::userid() Cache Manager Bundles Prerequisites Finding packages and VERSION Debugging Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode CONFIGURATION "o conf ", "o conf ", "o conf ", "o conf [shift|pop]", "o conf [unshift|push|splice] " Note on urllist parameter's format urllist parameter has CD-ROM support SECURITY EXPORT POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS Three basic types of firewalls http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Mas- querade Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall FAQ 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10) BUGS AUTHOR TRANSLATIONS SEE ALSO CCPPAANN::::FFiirrssttTTiimmee - UUttiilliittyy ffoorr CCPPAANN::::CCoonnffiigg ffiillee IInniittiiaalliizzaattiioonn SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CCPPAANNooxx,, CCPPAANN::::NNooxx - WWrraappppeerr aarroouunndd CCPPAANN..ppmm wwiitthhoouutt uussiinngg aannyy XXSS mmoodduullee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO CCaarrpp,, ccaarrpp - wwaarrnn ooff eerrrroorrss ((ffrroomm ppeerrssppeeccttiivvee ooff ccaalllleerr)) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Forcing a Stack Trace GLOBAL VARIABLES $Carp::CarpLevel $Carp::MaxEvalLen $Carp::MaxArgLen $Carp::MaxArgNums $Carp::Verbose BUGS CCaarrpp::::HHeeaavvyy - hheeaavvyy mmaacchhiinneerryy,, nnoo uusseerr sseerrvviicceeaabbllee ppaarrttss iinnssiiddee CCllaassss::::IISSAA -- rreeppoorrtt tthhee sseeaarrcchh ppaatthh ffoorr aa ccllaassss''ss IISSAA ttrreeee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS the function Class::ISA::superpath($CLASS), the function Class::ISA::selfandsuperpath($CLASS), the function Class::ISA::selfandsuperversions($CLASS) CAUTIONARY NOTES COPYRIGHT AUTHOR CCllaassss::::SSttrruucctt - ddeeccllaarree ssttrruucctt-lliikkee ddaattaattyyppeess aass PPeerrll ccllaasssseess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION The "struct()" function Class Creation at Compile Time Element Types and Accessor Methods Scalar ('$' or '*$'), Array ('@' or '*@'), Hash ('%' or '*%'), Class ('ClassName' or '*ClassName') Initializing with "new" EXAMPLES Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 Author and Modification History CCoonnffiigg - aacccceessss PPeerrll ccoonnffiigguurraattiioonn iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION myconfig(), configsh(), configre($regex), configvars(@names) EXAMPLE WARNING GLOSSARY "a", "exe", "o" a "afs", "afsroot", "alignbytes", "ansi2knr", "aphostname", "apirevision", "apisubversion", "apiversion", "apiversion- string", "ar", "archlib", "archlibexp", "archname64", "arch- name", "archobjs", "asctimerproto", "awk" b "baserev", "bash", "bin", "binexp", "bison", "byacc", "byte- order" c "c", "castflags", "cat", "cc", "cccdlflags", "ccdlflags", "ccflags", "ccflagsuselargefiles", "ccname", "ccsymbols", "ccversion", "cfby", "cfemail", "cftime", "charsize", "chgrp", "chmod", "chown", "clocktype", "comm", "compress", "contains", "cp", "cpio", "cpp", "cppstuff", "cppccsymbols", "cppflags", "cpplast", "cppminus", "cpprun", "cppstdin", "cpp- symbols", "cryptrproto", "cryptlib", "csh", "cter- midrproto", "ctimerproto" d "dfwalk", "daccess", "daccessx", "daintl", "dalarm", "darchlib", "dasctimer", "datolf", "datoll", "dattribut", "dbcmp", "dbcopy", "dbsd", "dbsdgetpgrp", "dbsdsetpgrp", "dbzero", "dcasti32", "dcastneg", "dcharvspr", "dchown", "dchroot", "dchsize", "dclass", "dclosedir", "dcmsghdrs", "dconst", "dcopysignl", "dcrypt", "dcryptr", "dcsh", "dctermidr", "dctimer", "dcuserid", "ddbldig", "ddbminitproto", "ddifftime", "ddirfd", "ddirnamlen", "ddlerror", "ddlopen", "ddlsymun", "ddosuid", "ddrand48r", "ddrand48proto", "ddup2", "deaccess", "dend- grent", "dendgrentr", "dendhent", "dendhostentr", "dend- nent", "dendnetentr", "dendpent", "dendprotoentr", "dend- pwent", "dendpwentr", "dendsent", "dendserventr", "deofn- blk", "deunice", "dfaststdio", "dfchdir", "dfchmod", "dfchown", "dfcntl", "dfcntlcanlock", "dfdmacros", "dfdset", "dfdsbits", "dfgetpos", "dfinite", "dfinitel", "dflexfnam", "dflock", "dflockproto", "dfork", "dfpclass", "dfpathconf", "dfpclass", "dfpclassify", "dfpclassl", "dfpos64t", "dfrexpl", "dfsdatas", "dfseeko", "dfsetpos", "dfstatfs", "dfstatvfs", "dfsync", "dftello", "dftime", "dGconvert", "dgetcwd", "dgetespw- nam", "dgetfsstat", "dgetgrent", "dgetgrentr", "dget- grgidr", "dgetgrnamr", "dgetgrps", "dgethbyaddr", "dgeth- byname", "dgethent", "dgethname", "dgethostbyaddrr", "dgethostbynamer", "dgethostentr", "dgethostprotos", "dgetitimer", "dgetlogin", "dgetloginr", "dgetmnt", "dgetmntent", "dgetnbyaddr", "dgetnbyname", "dgetnent", "dgetnetbyaddrr", "dgetnetbynamer", "dgetnetentr", "dgetnetprotos", "dgetpagsz", "dgetpbyname", "dgetpbynum- ber", "dgetpent", "dgetpgid", "dgetpgrp2", "dgetpgrp", "dgetppid", "dgetprior", "dgetprotobynamer", "dgetproto- bynumberr", "dgetprotoentr", "dgetprotoprotos", "dgetprpw- nam", "dgetpwent", "dgetpwentr", "dgetpwnamr", "dgetp- wuidr", "dgetsbyname", "dgetsbyport", "dgetsent", "dget- servbynamer", "dgetservbyportr", "dgetserventr", "dget- servprotos", "dgetspnam", "dgetspnamr", "dgettimeod", "dgmtimer", "dgnulibc", "dgrpasswd", "dhasmntopt", "dhtonl", "dilogbl", "dindex", "dinetaton", "dint64t", "disascii", "disfinite", "disinf", "disnan", "disnanl", "dkillpg", "dlchown", "dldbldig", "dlink", "dlocal- timer", "dlocconv", "dlockf", "dlongdbl", "dlonglong", "dlseekproto", "dlstat", "dmadvise", "dmblen", "dmbstowcs", "dmbtowc", "dmemchr", "dmemcmp", "dmemcpy", "dmemmove", "dmemset", "dmkdir", "dmkdtemp", "dmkfifo", "dmkstemp", "dmkstemps", "dmktime", "dmmap", "dmodfl", "dmodflpow32bug", "dmodflproto", "dmprotect", "dmsg", "dmsgctrunc", "dmsgdontroute", "dmsgoob", "dmsgpeek", "dmsgproxy", "dmsgctl", "dmsgget", "dmsghdrs", "dmsgrcv", "dmsgsnd", "dmsync", "dmunmap", "dmymalloc", "dnanosleep", "dnice", "dnllanginfo", "dnvpreservesuv", "doff64t", "doldpthreadcreatejoinable", "doldpthreads", "doldsock", "dopen3", "dpathconf", "dpause", "dperlother- libdirs", "dphostname", "dpipe", "dpoll", "dportable", "dPRId64", "dPRIeldbl", "dPRIEUldbl", "dPRIfldbl", "dPRI- FUldbl", "dPRIgldbl", "dPRIGUldbl", "dPRIi64", "dPRIo64", "dPRIu64", "dPRIx64", "dPRIXU64", "dprocselfexe", "dpthreadatfork", "dpthreadattrsetscope", "dpthreadyield", "dpwage", "dpwchange", "dpwclass", "dpwcomment", "dpwexpire", "dpwgecos", "dpwpasswd", "dpwquota", "dqgcvt", "dquad", "drandomr", "dread- dir64r", "dreaddir", "dreaddirr", "dreadlink", "dreadv", "drecvmsg", "drename", "drewinddir", "drmdir", "dsafebcpy", "dsafemcpy", "dsanemcmp", "dsbrkproto", "dscalbnl", "dschedyield", "dscmrights", "dSCNfldbl", "dseekdir", "dselect", "dsem", "dsemctl", "dsem- ctlsemidds", "dsemctlsemun", "dsemget", "dsemop", "dsendmsg", "dsetegid", "dseteuid", "dsetgrent", "dset- grentr", "dsetgrps", "dsethent", "dsethostentr", "dsetitimer", "dsetlinebuf", "dsetlocale", "dsetlocaler", "dsetnent", "dsetnetentr", "dsetpent", "dsetpgid", "dsetpgrp2", "dsetpgrp", "dsetprior", "dsetproctitle", "dsetprotoentr", "dsetpwent", "dsetpwentr", "dsetregid", "dsetresgid", "dsetresuid", "dsetreuid", "dsetrgid", "dsetruid", "dsetsent", "dsetserventr", "dsetsid", "dsetvbuf", "dsfio", "dshm", "dshmat", "dshmatprototype", "dshmctl", "dshmdt", "dshmget", "dsigaction", "dsigproc- mask", "dsigsetjmp", "dsockatmark", "dsockatmarkproto", "dsocket", "dsocklent", "dsockpair", "dsocks5init", "dsqrtl", "dsrand48r", "dsrandomr", "dsresgproto", "dsresuproto", "dstatblks", "dstatfsfflags", "dstatfss", "dstatvfs", "dstdiocntlval", "dstdioptrlval", "dstdioptrlvalnochangecnt", "dstdioptrlvalsetscnt", "dstdiostreamarray", "dstdiobase", "dstdstdio", "dstrchr", "dstrcoll", "dstrctcpy", "dstrerrm", "dstr- error", "dstrerrorr", "dstrftime", "dstrtod", "dstrtol", "dstrtold", "dstrtoll", "dstrtoq", "dstrtoul", "dstr- toull", "dstrtouq", "dstrxfrm", "dsuidsafe", "dsymlink", "dsyscall", "dsyscallproto", "dsysconf", "dsysernlst", "dsyserrlst", "dsystem", "dtcgetpgrp", "dtcsetpgrp", "dtelldir", "dtelldirproto", "dtime", "dtimes", "dtmtmgmtoff", "dtmtmzone", "dtmpnamr", "dtruncate", "dttynamer", "dtzname", "du32align", "dualarm", "dumask", "duname", "dunionsemun", "dunordered", "dusleep", "dusleepproto", "dustat", "dvendorarch", "dvendorbin", "dvendorlib", "dvendorscript", "dvfork", "dvoidclosedir", "dvoidsig", "dvoidtty", "dvolatile", "dvprintf", "dwait4", "dwaitpid", "dwcstombs", "dwctomb", "dwritev", "dxenix", "date", "dbhashtype", "dbprefixtype", "dbversionmajor", "dbversionminor", "dbversionpatch", "defvoidused", "diren- trytype", "dlext", "dlsrc", "doublesize", "drand01", "drand48rproto", "dynamicext" e "eagain", "ebcdic", "echo", "egrep", "emacs", "end- grentrproto", "endhostentrproto", "endnetentrproto", "endprotoentrproto", "endpwentrproto", "endser- ventrproto", "eunicefix", "exeext", "expr", "extensions", "extras" f "fflushall", "fflushNULL", "find", "firstmakefile", "flex", "fpossize", "fpostype", "freetype", "from", "fullar", "fullcsh", "fullsed" g "gccansipedantic", "gccosandvers", "gccversion", "get- grentrproto", "getgrgidrproto", "getgrnamrproto", "geth- ostbyaddrrproto", "gethostbynamerproto", "gethos- tentrproto", "getloginrproto", "getnetbyaddrrproto", "getnetbynamerproto", "getnetentrproto", "getprotoby- namerproto", "getprotobynumberrproto", "getpro- toentrproto", "getpwentrproto", "getpwnamrproto", "getp- wuidrproto", "getservbynamerproto", "getservby- portrproto", "getserventrproto", "getspnamrproto", "gid- format", "gidsign", "gidsize", "gidtype", "glibpth", "gmake", "gmtimerproto", "gnulibcversion", "grep", "groupcat", "groupstype", "gzip" h "hfcntl", "hsysfile", "hint", "hostcat", "html1dir", "html1direxp", "html3dir", "html3direxp" i "i16size", "i16type", "i32size", "i32type", "i64size", "i64type", "i8size", "i8type", "iarpainet", "ibsdioctl", "icrypt", "idb", "idbm", "idirent", "idld", "idlfcn", "ifcntl", "ifloat", "ifp", "ifpclass", "igdbm", "igrp", "iieeefp", "iinttypes", "ilanginfo", "ilibutil", "ilim- its", "ilocale", "imachcthr", "imalloc", "imath", "imem- ory", "imntent", "indbm", "inetdb", "ineterrno", "inetinettcp", "iniin", "ipoll", "iprot", "ipthread", "ipwd", "irpcsvcdbm", "isfio", "isgtty", "ishadow", "isocks", "istdarg", "istddef", "istdlib", "istring", "isunmath", "isysaccess", "isysdir", "isysfile", "isys- filio", "isysin", "isysioctl", "isyslog", "isysmman", "isysmode", "isysmount", "isysndir", "isysparam", "isys- resrc", "isyssecrt", "isysselct", "isyssockio", "isysstat", "isysstatfs", "isysstatvfs", "isystime", "isystimek", "isystimes", "isystypes", "isysuio", "isysun", "isysut- sname", "isysvfs", "isyswait", "itermio", "itermios", "itime", "iunistd", "iustat", "iutime", "ivalues", "ivarargs", "ivarhdr", "ivfork", "ignoreversionedsolibs", "incversionlist", "incversionlistinit", "incpath", "inews", "installarchlib", "installbin", "installhtml1dir", "installhtml3dir", "installman1dir", "installman3dir", "installprefix", "installprefixexp", "installprivlib", "installscript", "installsitearch", "installsitebin", "install- sitehtml1dir", "installsitehtml3dir", "installsitelib", "installsiteman1dir", "installsiteman3dir", "installsite- script", "installstyle", "installusrbinperl", "installvendo- rarch", "installvendorbin", "installvendorhtml1dir", "install- vendorhtml3dir", "installvendorlib", "installvendorman1dir", "installvendorman3dir", "installvendorscript", "intsize", "issymlink", "ivdformat", "ivsize", "ivtype" k "knownextensions", "ksh" l "ld", "lddlflags", "ldflags", "ldflagsuselargefiles", "ldlibpthname", "less", "libext", "libc", "libperl", "libpth", "libs", "libsdirs", "libsfiles", "libsfound", "libspath", "lib- swanted", "libswanteduselargefiles", "line", "lint", "lkflags", "ln", "lns", "localtimerproto", "locincpth", "loclibpth", "longdblsize", "longlongsize", "longsize", "lp", "lpr", "ls", "lseeksize", "lseektype" m "mail", "mailx", "make", "makesetmake", "mallocobj", "malloc- src", "malloctype", "man1dir", "man1direxp", "man1ext", "man3dir", "man3direxp", "man3ext" M "Mcc", "mipstype", "mistrustnm", "mkdir", "mmaptype", "mode- type", "more", "multiarch", "mv", "myarchname", "mydomain", "myhostname", "myuname" n "n", "needvacopy", "netdbhlentype", "netdbhosttype", "netdbnametype", "netdbnettype", "nm", "nmopt", "nmsoopt", "nonxsext", "nroff", "nvpreservesuvbits", "nveformat", "nvEUformat", "nvfformat", "nvFUformat", "nvgfor- mat", "nvGUformat", "nvsize", "nvtype" o "ononblock", "objext", "oldpthreadcreatejoinable", "opti- mize", "orderlib", "osname", "osvers", "otherlibdirs" p "package", "pager", "passcat", "patchlevel", "pathsep", "perl5", "perl", "perlpatchlevel" P "PERLREVISION", "PERLSUBVERSION", "PERLVERSION", "perlad- min", "perllibs", "perlpath", "pg", "phostname", "pidtype", "plibpth", "pmake", "pr", "prefix", "prefixexp", "privlib", "privlibexp", "procselfexe", "prototype", "ptrsize" q "quadkind", "quadtype" r "randbits", "randfunc", "randomrproto", "randseedtype", "ran- lib", "rdnodata", "readdir64rproto", "readdirrproto", "revision", "rm", "rmail", "run", "runnm" s "schedyield", "scriptdir", "scriptdirexp", "sed", "seedfunc", "selectminbits", "selecttype", "sendmail", "setgrentrproto", "sethostentrproto", "setlocalerproto", "setnetentrproto", "setprotoentrproto", "setpwentrproto", "setser- ventrproto", "sh", "shar", "sharpbang", "shmattype", "short- size", "shrpenv", "shsharp", "sigcount", "signame", "signameinit", "signum", "signuminit", "sigsize", "sig- nalt", "sitearch", "sitearchexp", "sitebin", "sitebinexp", "sitehtml1dir", "sitehtml1direxp", "sitehtml3dir", "site- html3direxp", "sitelib", "sitelibstem", "sitelibexp", "site- man1dir", "siteman1direxp", "siteman3dir", "siteman3direxp", "siteprefix", "siteprefixexp", "sitescript", "sitescriptexp", "sizesize", "sizetype", "sleep", "smail", "so", "sockethdr", "socketlib", "socksizetype", "sort", "spackage", "spitshell", "sPRId64", "sPRIeldbl", "sPRIEUldbl", "sPRIfldbl", "sPRI- FUldbl", "sPRIgldbl", "sPRIGUldbl", "sPRIi64", "sPRIo64", "sPRIu64", "sPRIx64", "sPRIXU64", "srand48rproto", "sran- domrproto", "src", "sSCNfldbl", "ssizetype", "startperl", "startsh", "staticext", "stdchar", "stdiobase", "stdiobuf- siz", "stdiocnt", "stdiofilbuf", "stdioptr", "stdiostreamarray", "strerrorrproto", "strings", "submit", "subversion", "sysman" t "tail", "tar", "targetarch", "tbl", "tee", "test", "timeincl", "timetype", "tmpnamrproto", "to", "touch", "tr", "trnl", "troff", "ttynamerproto" u "u16size", "u16type", "u32size", "u32type", "u64size", "u64type", "u8size", "u8type", "uidformat", "uidsign", "uid- size", "uidtype", "uname", "uniq", "uquadtype", "use5005threads", "use64bitall", "use64bitint", "usecrosscom- pile", "usedl", "usefaststdio", "useithreads", "uselargefiles", "uselongdouble", "usemorebits", "usemultiplicity", "usemymal- loc", "usenm", "useopcode", "useperlio", "useposix", "usereen- trant", "usesfio", "useshrplib", "usesocks", "usethreads", "usevendorprefix", "usevfork", "usrinc", "uuname", "uvoformat", "uvsize", "uvtype", "uvuformat", "uvxformat", "uvXUformat" v "vendorarch", "vendorarchexp", "vendorbin", "vendorbinexp", "vendorhtml1dir", "vendorhtml1direxp", "vendorhtml3dir", "ven- dorhtml3direxp", "vendorlib", "vendorlibstem", "vendorlibexp", "vendorman1dir", "vendorman1direxp", "vendorman3dir", "vendor- man3direxp", "vendorprefix", "vendorprefixexp", "vendorscript", "vendorscriptexp", "version", "versionpatchlevelstring", "versiononly", "vi", "voidflags" x "xlibpth" y "yacc", "yaccflags" z "zcat", "zip" NOTE CCwwdd - ggeett ppaatthhnnaammee ooff ccuurrrreenntt wwoorrkkiinngg ddiirreeccttoorryy SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION getcwd and friends getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd, getdcwd abspath and friends abspath, realpath, fastabspath $ENV{PWD} NOTES AUTHOR SEE ALSO DDBB - pprrooggrraammmmaattiicc iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo tthhee PPeerrll ddeebbuuggggiinngg AAPPII ((ddrraafftt,, ssuubbjjeecctt ttoo cchhaannggee)) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Global Variables $DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args, @DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname, $DB::lineno API Methods CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'), CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done() Client Callback Methods CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(), CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->eval- code(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(), CLIENT->output(LIST) BUGS AUTHOR DDBBMMFFiilltteerr -- FFiilltteerr DDBBMM kkeeyyss//vvaalluueess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION What is a DBM Filter? So what's new? METHODS $db->FilterPush() $db->FilterKeyPush() $db->FilterValuePush() FilterPush, FilterKeyPush, FilterValuePush $db->FilterPop() $db->Filtered() Writing a Filter Immediate Filters Canned Filters "name", params Filters Included utf8, encode, compress, int32, null NOTES Maintain Round Trip Integrity Don't mix filtered & non-filtered data in the same database file. EXAMPLE SEE ALSO AUTHOR DDBBFFiillee - PPeerrll55 aacccceessss ttoo BBeerrkkeelleeyy DDBB vveerrssiioonn 11..xx SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DBHASH DBBTREE, DBRECNO Using DBFile with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater Interface to Berkeley DB Opening a Berkeley DB Database File Default Parameters In Memory Databases DBHASH A Simple Example DBBTREE Changing the BTREE sort order Handling Duplicate Keys The getdup() Method The finddup() Method The deldup() Method Matching Partial Keys DBRECNO The 'bval' Option A Simple Example Extra RECNO Methods $$XX->>ppuusshh((lliisstt)) ;;, $$vvaalluuee == $$XX->>ppoopp ;;, $$XX->>sshhiifftt, $$XX->>uunnsshhiifftt((lliisstt)) ;;, $$XX->>lleennggtthh, $$XX->>sspplliiccee((ooffffsseett,, lleennggtthh,, eelleemmeennttss));; Another Example THE API INTERFACE $$ssttaattuuss == $$XX->>ggeett(($$kkeeyy,, $$vvaalluuee [[,, $$ffllaaggss]])) ;;, $$ssttaattuuss == $$XX->>ppuutt(($$kkeeyy,, $$vvaalluuee [[,, $$ffllaaggss]])) ;;, $$ssttaattuuss == $$XX->>ddeell(($$kkeeyy [[,, $$ffllaaggss]])) ;;, $$ssttaattuuss == $$XX->>ffdd ;;, $$ssttaattuuss == $$XX->>sseeqq(($$kkeeyy,, $$vvaalluuee,, $$ffllaaggss)) ;;, $$ssttaattuuss == $$XX->>ssyynncc(([[$$ffllaaggss]])) ;; DBM FILTERS ffiilltteerrssttoorreekkeeyy, ffiilltteerrssttoorreevvaalluuee, ffiilltteerrffeettcchhkkeeyy, ffiill- tteerrffeettcchhvvaalluuee The Filter An Example - the NULL termination problem. Another Example - Key is a C int. HINTS AND TIPS Locking: The Trouble with fd Safe ways to lock a database TTiiee::::DDBBLLoocckk, TTiiee::::DDBBLLoocckkFFiillee, DDBBFFiillee::::LLoocckk Sharing Databases With C Applications The untie() Gotcha COMMON QUESTIONS Why is there Perl source in my database? How do I store complex data structures with DBFile? What does "Invalid Argument" mean? What does "Bareword 'DBFile' not allowed" mean? REFERENCES HISTORY BUGS AVAILABILITY COPYRIGHT SEE ALSO AUTHOR DDaattaa::::DDuummppeerr - ssttrriinnggiiffiieedd ppeerrll ddaattaa ssttrruuccttuurreess,, ssuuiittaabbllee ffoorr bbootthh pprriinnttiinngg aanndd ""eevvaall"" SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Methods PACKAGE->new(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Dump or PACK- AGE->Dump(ARRAYREF [, ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Seen([HASHREF]), $OBJ->Values([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Names([ARRAYREF]), $OBJ->Reset Functions Dumper(LIST) Configuration Variables or Methods Exports Dumper EXAMPLES BUGS NOTE AUTHOR VERSION SEE ALSO DDeevveell::::DDPPrrooff - aa PPeerrll ccooddee pprrooffiilleerr SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION PROFILE FORMAT AUTOLOAD ENVIRONMENT BUGS SEE ALSO DDeevveell::::PPPPPPoorrtt - PPeerrll//PPoolllluuttiioonn//PPoorrttaabbiilliittyy SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Why use ppport.h? You should use ppport.h in modern code so that your code will work with the widest range of Perl interpreters possible, with- out significant additional work. How to use ppport.h Running ppport.h FUNCTIONS WriteFile COMPATIBILITY Provided Perl compatibility API Perl API not supported by ppport.h perl 5.9.2, perl 5.9.1, perl 5.9.0, perl 5.8.3, perl 5.8.1, perl 5.8.0, perl 5.7.3, perl 5.7.2, perl 5.7.1, perl 5.6.1, perl 5.6.0, perl 5.00503, perl 5.005, perl 5.00405, perl 5.00404, perl 5.004 BUGS AUTHORS COPYRIGHT SEE ALSO DDeevveell::::PPeeeekk - AA ddaattaa ddeebbuuggggiinngg ttooooll ffoorr tthhee XXSS pprrooggrraammmmeerr SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Runtime debugging Memory footprint debugging EXAMPLES A simple scalar string A simple scalar number A simple scalar with an extra reference A reference to a simple scalar A reference to an array A reference to a hash Dumping a large array or hash A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer A reference to a subroutine EXPORTS BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO DDeevveell::::SSeellffSSttuubbbbeerr - ggeenneerraattee ssttuubbss ffoorr aa SSeellffLLooaaddiinngg mmoodduullee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DDiiggeesstt - MMoodduulleess tthhaatt ccaallccuullaattee mmeessssaaggee ddiiggeessttss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION binary, hex, base64 OO INTERFACE $ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx = Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $otherctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset, $ctx->add( $data, ... ), $ctx->addfile( $iohandle ), $ctx->addbits( $data, $nbits ), $ctx->addbits( $bitstring ), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest Digest speed SEE ALSO AUTHOR DDiiggeesstt::::MMDD55 - PPeerrll iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo tthhee MMDD55 AAllggoorriitthhmm SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS md5($data,...), md5hex($data,...), md5base64($data,...) METHODS $md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...), $md5->addfile($iohandle), $md5->addbits($data, $nbits), $md5->addbits($bitstring), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest EXAMPLES SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AUTHORS DDiiggeesstt::::bbaassee - DDiiggeesstt bbaassee ccllaassss SYNPOSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO DDiirrHHaannddllee - ssuuppppllyy oobbjjeecctt mmeetthhooddss ffoorr ddiirreeccttoorryy hhaannddlleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTES DDuummppvvaalluuee - pprroovviiddeess ssccrreeeenn dduummpp ooff PPeerrll ddaattaa.. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Creation "arrayDepth", "hashDepth", "compactDump", "veryCompact", "globPrint", "dumpDBFiles", "dumpPackages", "dumpReused", "tick", "quoteHighBit", "printUndef", "usageOnly", unctrl, sub- dump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit, stopDbSignal Methods dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, setquote, setunc- trl, compactDump, veryCompact, set, get DDyynnaaLLooaaddeerr - DDyynnaammiiccaallllyy llooaadd CC lliibbrraarriieess iinnttoo PPeerrll ccooddee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION @dllibrarypath, @dlresolveusing, @dlrequiresymbols, @dllibrefs, @dlmodules, @dlsharedobjects, dlerror(), $dldebug, dlfindfile(), dlexpandspec(), dlloadfile(), dlunloadfile(), dlloadflags(), dlfindsymbol(), dlfindsym- bolanywhere(), dlundefsymbols(), dlinstallxsub(), bootstrap() AUTHOR DDyynnaaLLooaaddeerr::::XXSSLLooaaddeerr,, XXSSLLooaaddeerr - DDyynnaammiiccaallllyy llooaadd CC lliibbrraarriieess iinnttoo PPeerrll ccooddee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Migration from "DynaLoader" Backward compatible boilerplate Order of initialization: early load() The most hairy case LIMITATIONS AUTHOR EEnnccooddee - cchhaarraacctteerr eennccooddiinnggss SYNOPSIS Table of Contents DESCRIPTION TERMINOLOGY PERL ENCODING API $octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING, $octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] fromto($octets, FROMENC, TOENC [, CHECK]), $octets = encodeutf8($string);, $string = decodeutf8($octets [, CHECK]); Listing available encodings Defining Aliases Encoding via PerlIO Handling Malformed Data CHECK = Encode::FBDEFAULT ( == 0), CHECK = Encode::FBCROAK ( == 1), CHECK = Encode::FBQUIET, CHECK = Encode::FBWARN, perlqq mode (CHECK = Encode::FBPERLQQ), HTML charref mode (CHECK = Encode::FBHTMLCREF), XML charref mode (CHECK = Encode::FBXML- CREF), The bitmask Unimplemented fallback schemes Defining Encodings The UTF-8 flag Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4: Messing with Perl's Internals isutf8(STRING [, CHECK]), utf8on(STRING), utf8off(STRING) SEE ALSO MAINTAINER EEnnccooddee::::AAlliiaass - aalliiaass ddeeffiinniittiioonnss ttoo eennccooddiinnggss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code reference, e.g.: Alias overloading SEE ALSO EEnnccooddee::::BByyttee - SSiinnggllee BByyttee EEnnccooddiinnggss SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO EEnnccooddee::::CCJJKKCCoonnssttaannttss -- IInntteerrnnaallllyy uusseedd bbyy EEnnccooddee::::????::::IISSOO22002222** EEnnccooddee::::CCNN - CChhiinnaa-bbaasseedd CChhiinneessee EEnnccooddiinnggss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTES BUGS SEE ALSO EEnnccooddee::::CCNN::::HHZZ -- iinntteerrnnaallllyy uusseedd bbyy EEnnccooddee::::CCNN EEnnccooddee::::CCoonnffiigg -- iinntteerrnnaallllyy uusseedd bbyy EEnnccooddee EEnnccooddee::::EEBBCCDDIICC - EEBBCCDDIICC EEnnccooddiinnggss SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO EEnnccooddee::::EEnnccooddiinngg - EEnnccooddee IImmpplleemmeennttaattiioonn BBaassee CCllaassss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Methods you should implement ->encode($string [,$check]), ->decode($octets [,$check]), ->catdecode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check]) Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings ->name, ->renew, ->perliook(), ->needslines() Example: Encode::ROT13 Why the heck Encode API is different? Compiled Encodings SEE ALSO Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes EEnnccooddee::::GGuueessss -- GGuueesssseess eennccooddiinngg ffrroomm ddaattaa SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION Encode::Guess->setsuspects, Encode::Guess->addsuspects, Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data), guessencoding($data, [, list of suspects]) CAVEATS TO DO SEE ALSO EEnnccooddee::::JJPP - JJaappaanneessee EEnnccooddiinnggss SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)? BUGS SEE ALSO EEnnccooddee::::JJPP::::HH22ZZ -- iinntteerrnnaallllyy uusseedd bbyy EEnnccooddee::::JJPP::::22002222JJPP** EEnnccooddee::::JJPP::::JJIISS77 -- iinntteerrnnaallllyy uusseedd bbyy EEnnccooddee::::JJPP EEnnccooddee::::KKRR - KKoorreeaann EEnnccooddiinnggss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS SEE ALSO EEnnccooddee::::KKRR::::22002222KKRR -- iinntteerrnnaallllyy uusseedd bbyy EEnnccooddee::::KKRR EEnnccooddee::::MMIIMMEE::::HHeeaaddeerr -- MMIIMMEE ''BB'' aanndd ''QQ'' hheeaaddeerr eennccooddiinngg SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION BUGS SEE ALSO EEnnccooddee::::PPeerrllIIOO -- aa ddeettaaiilleedd ddooccuummeenntt oonn EEnnccooddee aanndd PPeerrllIIOO Overview How does it work? Line Buffering How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ? SEE ALSO EEnnccooddee::::SSuuppppoorrtteedd -- EEnnccooddiinnggss ssuuppppoorrtteedd bbyy EEnnccooddee DESCRIPTION Encoding Names Supported Encodings Built-in Encodings Encode::Unicode - other Unicode encodings Encode::Byte - Extended ASCII ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1 CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte) Encode::CN - Continental China, Encode::JP - Japan, Encode::KR - Korea, Encode::TW - Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra - More Chinese via CPAN, Encode::JIS2K - JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN Miscellaneous encodings Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess Unsupported encodings ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings, Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS, Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings Encoding vs. Charset - terminology Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai) Microsoft-related naming mess KSC5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, ShiftJIS Glossary character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF, UTF-16 See Also References ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq "ISO-2022"), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO, RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary Other Notable Sites czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org: "Introduction to i18n" Offline sources "CJKV Information Processing" by Ken Lunde EEnnccooddee::::SSyymmbbooll - SSyymmbbooll EEnnccooddiinnggss SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO EEnnccooddee::::TTWW - TTaaiiwwaann-bbaasseedd CChhiinneessee EEnnccooddiinnggss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTES BUGS SEE ALSO EEnnccooddee::::UUnniiccooddee -- VVaarriioouuss UUnniiccooddee TTrraannssffoorrmmaattiioonn FFoorrmmaattss SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT says:, Quick Reference Size, Endianness, and BOM by size by endianness BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order Surrogate Pairs SEE ALSO EEnnccooddee::::UUnniiccooddee::::UUTTFF77 -- UUTTFF-77 eennccooddiinngg SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT In Practice SEE ALSO EEnnccooddee::::lliibb::::EEnnccooddee::::AAlliiaass,, EEnnccooddee::::AAlliiaass - aalliiaass ddeeffiinniittiioonnss ttoo eennccoodd- iinnggss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code reference, e.g.: Alias overloading SEE ALSO EEnnccooddee::::lliibb::::EEnnccooddee::::CCJJKKCCoonnssttaannttss,, EEnnccooddee::::CCJJKKCCoonnssttaannttss..ppmm -- IInntteerr- nnaallllyy uusseedd bbyy EEnnccooddee::::????::::IISSOO22002222** EEnnccooddee::::lliibb::::EEnnccooddee::::CCNN::::HHZZ,, EEnnccooddee::::CCNN::::HHZZ -- iinntteerrnnaallllyy uusseedd bbyy EEnnccooddee::::CCNN EEnnccooddee::::lliibb::::EEnnccooddee::::CCoonnffiigg,, EEnnccooddee::::CCoonnffiigg -- iinntteerrnnaallllyy uusseedd bbyy EEnnccooddee EEnnccooddee::::lliibb::::EEnnccooddee::::EEnnccooddiinngg,, EEnnccooddee::::EEnnccooddiinngg - EEnnccooddee IImmpplleemmeennttaattiioonn BBaassee CCllaassss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Methods you should implement ->encode($string [,$check]), ->decode($octets [,$check]), ->catdecode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check]) Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings ->name, ->renew, ->perliook(), ->needslines() Example: Encode::ROT13 Why the heck Encode API is different? Compiled Encodings SEE ALSO Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes EEnnccooddee::::lliibb::::EEnnccooddee::::GGuueessss,, EEnnccooddee::::GGuueessss -- GGuueesssseess eennccooddiinngg ffrroomm ddaattaa SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION Encode::Guess->setsuspects, Encode::Guess->addsuspects, Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data), guessencoding($data, [, list of suspects]) CAVEATS TO DO SEE ALSO EEnnccooddee::::lliibb::::EEnnccooddee::::JJPP::::HH22ZZ,, EEnnccooddee::::JJPP::::HH22ZZ -- iinntteerrnnaallllyy uusseedd bbyy EEnnccooddee::::JJPP::::22002222JJPP** EEnnccooddee::::lliibb::::EEnnccooddee::::JJPP::::JJIISS77,, EEnnccooddee::::JJPP::::JJIISS77 -- iinntteerrnnaallllyy uusseedd bbyy EEnnccooddee::::JJPP EEnnccooddee::::lliibb::::EEnnccooddee::::KKRR::::22002222KKRR,, EEnnccooddee::::KKRR::::22002222KKRR -- iinntteerrnnaallllyy uusseedd bbyy EEnnccooddee::::KKRR EEnnccooddee::::lliibb::::EEnnccooddee::::MMIIMMEE::::HHeeaaddeerr,, EEnnccooddee::::MMIIMMEE::::HHeeaaddeerr -- MMIIMMEE ''BB'' aanndd ''QQ'' hheeaaddeerr eennccooddiinngg SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT DESCRIPTION BUGS SEE ALSO EEnnccooddee::::lliibb::::EEnnccooddee::::PPeerrllIIOO,, EEnnccooddee::::PPeerrllIIOO -- aa ddeettaaiilleedd ddooccuummeenntt oonn EEnnccooddee aanndd PPeerrllIIOO Overview How does it work? Line Buffering How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ? SEE ALSO EEnnccooddee::::lliibb::::EEnnccooddee::::SSuuppppoorrtteedd,, EEnnccooddee::::SSuuppppoorrtteedd -- EEnnccooddiinnggss ssuupp- ppoorrtteedd bbyy EEnnccooddee DESCRIPTION Encoding Names Supported Encodings Built-in Encodings Encode::Unicode - other Unicode encodings Encode::Byte - Extended ASCII ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1 CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte) Encode::CN - Continental China, Encode::JP - Japan, Encode::KR - Korea, Encode::TW - Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra - More Chinese via CPAN, Encode::JIS2K - JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN Miscellaneous encodings Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess Unsupported encodings ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings, Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS, Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings Encoding vs. Charset - terminology Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai) Microsoft-related naming mess KSC5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, ShiftJIS Glossary character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme (CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF, UTF-16 See Also References ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq "ISO-2022"), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO, RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary Other Notable Sites czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org: "Introduction to i18n" Offline sources "CJKV Information Processing" by Ken Lunde EEnnccooddee::::lliibb::::EEnnccooddee::::UUnniiccooddee::::UUTTFF77,, EEnnccooddee::::UUnniiccooddee::::UUTTFF77 -- UUTTFF-77 eennccooddiinngg SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT In Practice SEE ALSO EEnnccooddee::::lliibb::::EEnnccooddeerr,, EEnnccooddee::::EEnnccooddeerr -- OObbjjeecctt OOrriieenntteedd EEnnccooddeerr SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT Description Predefined Methods $e = Encode::Encoder->new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(), $e->data([$data]), $e->encoding([$encoding]), $e->bytes([$encoding]) Example: base64 transcoder Operator Overloading SEE ALSO EEnnccooddeennccooddiinngg,, eennccooddiinngg - aalllloowwss yyoouu ttoo wwrriittee yyoouurr ssccrriipptt iinn nnoonn-aasscciiii oorr nnoonn-uuttff88 SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT Literal Conversions PerlIO layers for "STD(IN|OUT)" Implicit upgrading for byte strings FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1 "NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle USAGE use encoding [ENCNAME] ;, use encoding ENCNAME [ STDIN => ENC- NAMEIN ...] ;, use encoding ENCNAME Filter=>1;, no encoding; The Filter Option Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87 CAVEATS NOT SCOPED DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS tr/// with ranges Legend of characters above EXAMPLE - Greekperl KNOWN PROBLEMS literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format The Logic of :locale HISTORY SEE ALSO EEnnccooddeerr,, EEnnccooddee::::EEnnccooddeerr -- OObbjjeecctt OOrriieenntteedd EEnnccooddeerr SYNOPSIS ABSTRACT Description Predefined Methods $e = Encode::Encoder->new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(), $e->data([$data]), $e->encoding([$encoding]), $e->bytes([$encoding]) Example: base64 transcoder Operator Overloading SEE ALSO EEnngglliisshh - uussee nniiccee EEnngglliisshh ((oorr aawwkk)) nnaammeess ffoorr uuggllyy ppuunnccttuuaattiioonn vvaarrii- aabblleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION PERFORMANCE EEnnvv - ppeerrll mmoodduullee tthhaatt iimmppoorrttss eennvviirroonnmmeenntt vvaarriiaabblleess aass ssccaallaarrss oorr aarrrraayyss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION LIMITATIONS AUTHOR EErrrrnnoo - SSyysstteemm eerrrrnnoo ccoonnssttaannttss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CAVEATS AUTHOR COPYRIGHT EExxppoorrtteerr - IImmpplleemmeennttss ddeeffaauulltt iimmppoorrtt mmeetthhoodd ffoorr mmoodduulleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION How to Export Selecting What To Export How to Import "use ModuleName;", "use ModuleName ();", "use ModuleName qw(...);" Advanced features Specialised Import Lists Exporting without using Exporter's import method Exporting without inheriting from Exporter Module Version Checking Managing Unknown Symbols Tag Handling Utility Functions Generating combined tags "AUTOLOAD"ed Constants EExxppoorrtteerr::::HHeeaavvyy - EExxppoorrtteerr gguuttss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EExxttUUttiillss::::CCoommmmaanndd - uuttiilliittiieess ttoo rreeppllaaccee ccoommmmoonn UUNNIIXX ccoommmmaannddss iinn MMaakkee- ffiilleess eettcc.. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION cat eqtime src dst rmrf files... rmf files... touch files .. mv source... destination cp source... destination chmod mode files.. mkpath directory.. testf file BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR EExxttUUttiillss::::CCoommmmaanndd::::MMMM - CCoommmmaannddss ffoorr tthhee MMMM''ss ttoo uussee iinn MMaakkeeffiilleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION tteesstthhaarrnneessss ppoodd22mmaann wwaarrnniiffoollddppaacckklliisstt ppeerrllllooccaalliinnssttaallll uunniinnssttaallll EExxttUUttiillss::::CCoonnssttaanntt - ggeenneerraattee XXSS ccooddee ttoo iimmppoorrtt CC hheeaaddeerr ccoonnssttaannttss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION USAGE IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF FUNCTIONS Cstringify NAME perlstringify NAME constanttypes memEQclause NAME, CHECKEDAT, INDENT assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE.. returnclause switchclause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM.. params WHAT dumpnames dogfood Cconstant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, defpre =item defpost, utf8 XSconstant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, CSUBNAME autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER WriteMakefileSnippet WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE => VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULTTYPE, BREAK- OUTAT, NAMES, CFILE, XSFILE, SUBNAME, CSUBNAME AUTHOR EExxttUUttiillss::::EEmmbbeedd - UUttiilliittiieess ffoorr eemmbbeeddddiinngg PPeerrll iinn CC//CC++++ aapppplliiccaattiioonnss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION @EXPORT FUNCTIONS xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perlinc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(), ccopts(), xsiheader(), xsiprotos(@modules), xsibody(@modules) EXAMPLES SEE ALSO AUTHOR EExxttUUttiillss::::IInnssttaallll - iinnssttaallll ffiilleess ffrroomm hheerree ttoo tthheerree SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Functions iinnssttaallll iinnssttaallllddeeffaauulltt DISCOURAGED uunniinnssttaallll ppmmttoobblliibb autosplit ENVIRONMENT PPEERRLLIINNSSTTAALLLLRROOOOTT AUTHOR LICENSE EExxttUUttiillss::::IInnssttaalllleedd - IInnvveennttoorryy mmaannaaggeemmeenntt ooff iinnssttaalllleedd mmoodduulleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION USAGE FUNCTIONS new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directorytree(), vali- date(), packlist(), version() EXAMPLE AUTHOR EExxttUUttiillss::::LLiibblliisstt - ddeetteerrmmiinnee lliibbrraarriieess ttoo uussee aanndd hhooww ttoo uussee tthheemm SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For dynamic extensions at load time EXTRALIBS LDLOADLIBS and LDRUNPATH BSLOADLIBS PORTABILITY VMS implementation Win32 implementation SEE ALSO EExxttUUttiillss::::MMMM - OOSS aaddjjuusstteedd EExxttUUttiillss::::MMaakkeeMMaakkeerr ssuubbccllaassss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EExxttUUttiillss::::MMMMAAnnyy - PPllaattffoorrmm-aaggnnoossttiicc MMMM mmeetthhooddss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Inherently Cross-Platform Methods installvars osflavoris File::Spec wrappers catfile Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods sspplliittccoommmmaanndd eecchhoo initVERSION wraplist manifypods manifypodstarget makemakerdflttarget specialtargets POD2MANmacro testviaharness testviascript libscan toolautosplit alltarget metafiletarget metafileaddtomanifesttarget Abstract methods oneliner, qquuootteelliitteerraall, eessccaappeenneewwlliinneess, maxexeclen, iinniittootthh- eerrss, initDIRFILESEP, initlinker, initplatform, platformcon- stants osflavor AUTHOR EExxttUUttiillss::::MMMMBBeeOOSS - mmeetthhooddss ttoo oovveerrrriiddee UUNN**XX bbeehhaavviioouurr iinn EExxttUU- ttiillss::::MMaakkeeMMaakkeerr SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION osflavor (o) initlinker EExxttUUttiillss::::MMMMCCyyggwwiinn - mmeetthhooddss ttoo oovveerrrriiddee UUNN**XX bbeehhaavviioouurr iinn EExxttUU- ttiillss::::MMaakkeeMMaakkeerr SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION osflavor (o) cflags (o) replacemanpageseparator (o) initlinker EExxttUUttiillss::::MMMMDDOOSS - DDOOSS ssppeecciiffiicc ssuubbccllaassss ooff EExxttUUttiillss::::MMMMUUnniixx SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Overridden methods osflavor rreeppllaacceemmaannppaaggeesseeppaarraattoorr AUTHOR SEE ALSO EExxttUUttiillss::::MMMMMMaaccOOSS - mmeetthhooddss ttoo oovveerrrriiddee UUNN**XX bbeehhaavviioouurr iinn EExxttUU- ttiillss::::MMaakkeeMMaakkeerr SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION maybecommand guessname macify patternify initmain initothers initplatform, platformconstants initdirscan initVERSION (o) specialtargets (o) static (o) dlsyms (o) dynamic (o) clean (o) cleansubdirstarget realclean (o) realcleansubdirstarget rulez (o) processPL (o) osflavor EExxttUUttiillss::::MMMMNNWW55 - mmeetthhooddss ttoo oovveerrrriiddee UUNN**XX bbeehhaavviioouurr iinn EExxttUU- ttiillss::::MMaakkeeMMaakkeerr SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION osflavor initplatform (o), platformconstants constcccmd (o) staticlib (o) dynamiclib (o) EExxttUUttiillss::::MMMMOOSS22 - mmeetthhooddss ttoo oovveerrrriiddee UUNN**XX bbeehhaavviioouurr iinn EExxttUU- ttiillss::::MMaakkeeMMaakkeerr SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS initdist (o) initlinker osflavor EExxttUUttiillss::::MMMMUUWWIINN - UU//WWIINN ssppeecciiffiicc ssuubbccllaassss ooff EExxttUUttiillss::::MMMMUUnniixx SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Overridden methods osflavor rreeppllaacceemmaannppaaggeesseeppaarraattoorr AUTHOR SEE ALSO EExxttUUttiillss::::MMMMUUnniixx - mmeetthhooddss uusseedd bbyy EExxttUUttiillss::::MMaakkeeMMaakkeerr SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS Methods osflavor (o) co (o) cflags (o) clean (o) cleansubdirstarget constcccmd (o) constconfig (o) constloadlibs (o) constants (o) depend (o) dirtarget (o) initDEST initdist dist (o) distbasics (o) distci (o) distcore (o) ddiissttttaarrggeett ttaarrddiissttttaarrggeett zziippddiissttttaarrggeett ttaarrffiilleettaarrggeett zipfiletarget uutardisttarget shdisttarget distdir disttest dlsyms (o) dynamic (o) dynamicbs (o) dynamiclib (o) exescan extliblist findperl findtests Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile fixin force (o) guessname haslinkcode initdirscan initDIRFILESEP initmain initothers initINST initINSTALL initlinker initlib2arch initPERL initplatform (o), platformconstants (o) initPERM initxs install (o) installbin (o) linkext (o) lsdir macro (o) makeaperl (o) makefile (o) maybecommand needslinking (o) nicetext parseabstract parseversion pasthru (o) perlscript perldepend (o) permrw (o) permrwx (o) pmtoblib postconstants (o) postinitialize (o) postamble (o) ppd prefixify processPL (o) quoteparen realclean (o) realcleansubdirstarget replacemanpageseparator oneliner (o) quoteliteral escapenewlines maxexeclen static (o) staticlib (o) staticmake (o) subdirx (o) subdirs (o) test (o) testviaharness (override) testviascript (override) toolsother (o) toolxsubpp (o) alltarget toptargets (o) writedoc xsc (o) xscpp (o) xso (o) SEE ALSO EExxttUUttiillss::::MMMMVVMMSS - mmeetthhooddss ttoo oovveerrrriiddee UUNN**XX bbeehhaavviioouurr iinn EExxttUU- ttiillss::::MMaakkeeMMaakkeerr SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Methods always loaded wraplist Methods guessname (override) findperl (override) maybecommand (override) perlscript (override) replacemanpageseparator initDEST initDIRFILESEP initmain (override) initothers (override) initplatform (override) platformconstants initVERSION (override) constants (override) specialtargets cflags (override) constcccmd (override) toolsxubpp (override) toolsother (override) initdist (override) co (override) xsc (override) xso (override) dlsyms (override) dynamiclib (override) dynamicbs (override) staticlib (override) processPL (override) installbin (override) subdirx (override) clean (override) cleansubdirstarget realclean (override) zipfiletarget (o), tarfiletarget (o), shdisttarget (o) disttest (override) install (override) perldepend (override) makefile (override) findtests (override) test (override) makeaperl (override) nicetext (override) prefixify (override) oneliner (o) eecchhoo (o) quoteliteral escapenewlines maxexeclen initlinker (o) eliminatemacros fixpath osflavor EExxttUUttiillss::::MMMMWWiinn3322 - mmeetthhooddss ttoo oovveerrrriiddee UUNN**XX bbeehhaavviioouurr iinn EExxttUU- ttiillss::::MMaakkeeMMaakkeerr SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Overridden methods ddllssyymmss replacemanpageseparator mmaayybbeeccoommmmaanndd ffiinnddtteessttss initDIRFILESEP iinniittootthheerrss initplatform (o), platformconstants (o) specialtargets (o) staticlib (o) dynamiclib (o) clean initlinker perlscript xso (o) pasthru (o) oneliner (o) maxexeclen osflavor EExxttUUttiillss::::MMMMWWiinn9955 - mmeetthhoodd ttoo ccuussttoommiizzee MMaakkeeMMaakkeerr ffoorr WWiinn99XX SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Overriden methods disttest subdirx xsc xscpp xso cleansubdirstarget realcleansubdirstarget osflavor AUTHOR EExxttUUttiillss::::MMYY - EExxttUUttiillss::::MMaakkeeMMaakkeerr ssuubbccllaassss ffoorr ccuussttoommiizzaattiioonn SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EExxttUUttiillss::::MMaakkeeMMaakkeerr - CCrreeaattee aa mmoodduullee MMaakkeeffiillee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION How To Write A Makefile.PL Default Makefile Behaviour make test make testdb make install PREFIX and LIB attribute AFS users Static Linking of a new Perl Binary Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations Which architecture dependent directory? Using Attributes and Parameters ABSTRACT, ABSTRACTFROM, AUTHOR, BINARYLOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG, CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DLFUNCS, DLVARS, EXCLUDEEXT, EXEFILES, FIRSTMAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDEEXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITE- MAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVEN- DORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDOR- MAN3DIR, INSTARCHLIB, INSTBIN, INSTLIB, INSTMAN1DIR, INSTMAN3DIR, INSTSCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERLA, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILEOLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAPTARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDSLINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NOMETA, NOVC, OBJECT, OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERLCORE, PERLMAINCC, PERLARCHLIB, PERLLIB, PERLMALLOCOK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERLSRC, PERMRW, PERMRWX, PLFILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PMFILTER, POLLUTE, PPMINSTALLEXEC, PPMINSTALLSCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQFATAL, PREREQPM, PRE- REQPRINT, PRINTPREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPRE- FIX, VERBINST, VERSION, VERSIONFROM, VERSIONSYM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XSVERSION Additional lowercase attributes clean, depend, dist, dynamiclib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean, test, toolautosplit Overriding MakeMaker Methods The End Of Cargo Cult Programming "> Hintsfile support Distribution Support make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest, make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci Module Meta-Data Disabling an extension Other Handy Functions prompt ENVIRONMENT PERLMMOPT, PERLMMUSEDEFAULT SEE ALSO AUTHORS LICENSE EExxttUUttiillss::::MMaakkeeMMaakkeerr::::FFAAQQ - FFrreeqquueennttllyy AAsskkeedd QQuueessttiioonnss AAbboouutt MMaakkeeMMaakkeerr DESCRIPTION Philosophy and History Why not just use ?, What's Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft Module Writing How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manu- ally?, What's this META.yml thing and how did it get in my MAN- IFEST?! XS How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same directory? PATCHING AUTHOR SEE ALSO EExxttUUttiillss::::MMaakkeeMMaakkeerr::::TTuuttoorriiaall - WWrriittiinngg aa mmoodduullee wwiitthh MMaakkeeMMaakkeerr SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION The Mantra The Layout Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MAN- IFEST.SKIP, bin/ SEE ALSO EExxttUUttiillss::::MMaakkeeMMaakkeerr::::bbyytteess - VVeerrssiioonn aaggnnoossttiicc bbyytteess..ppmm SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EExxttUUttiillss::::MMaakkeeMMaakkeerr::::vvmmssiisshh - PPllaattffoorrmm aaggnnoossttiicc vvmmssiisshh..ppmm SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EExxttUUttiillss::::MMaanniiffeesstt - uuttiilliittiieess ttoo wwrriittee aanndd cchheecckk aa MMAANNIIFFEESSTT ffiillee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Functions mkmanifest manifind manicheck filecheck fullcheck skipcheck maniread manicopy maniadd MANIFEST MANIFEST.SKIP EXPORTOK GLOBAL VARIABLES DIAGNOSTICS "Not in MANIFEST:" file, "Skipping" file, "No such file:" file, "MANIFEST:" $!, "Added to MANIFEST:" file ENVIRONMENT PPEERRLLMMMMMMAANNIIFFEESSTTDDEEBBUUGG SEE ALSO AUTHOR EExxttUUttiillss::::MMiinniippeerrll,, wwrriitteemmaaiinn - wwrriittee tthhee CC ccooddee ffoorr ppeerrllmmaaiinn..cc SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO EExxttUUttiillss::::MMkkbboooottssttrraapp - mmaakkee aa bboooottssttrraapp ffiillee ffoorr uussee bbyy DDyynnaaLLooaaddeerr SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EExxttUUttiillss::::MMkkssyymmlliissttss - wwrriittee lliinnkkeerr ooppttiioonnss ffiilleess ffoorr ddyynnaammiicc eexxtteennssiioonn SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DLBASE, DLFUNCS, DLVARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME AUTHOR REVISION EExxttUUttiillss::::PPaacckklliisstt - mmaannaaggee ..ppaacckklliisstt ffiilleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION USAGE FUNCTIONS new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlistfile() EXAMPLE AUTHOR EExxttUUttiillss::::tteessttlliibb - aadddd bblliibb//** ddiirreeccttoorriieess ttoo @@IINNCC SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FFaattaall - rreeppllaaccee ffuunnccttiioonnss wwiitthh eeqquuiivvaalleennttss wwhhiicchh ssuucccceeeedd oorr ddiiee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR FFccnnttll - llooaadd tthhee CC FFccnnttll..hh ddeeffiinneess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE EXPORTED SYMBOLS FFiillee::::BBaasseennaammee,, ffiilleeppaarrssee - sspplliitt aa ppaatthhnnaammee iinnttoo ppiieecceess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION fileparsesetfstype, fileparse EXAMPLES "basename", "dirname" FFiillee::::CChheecckkTTrreeee,, vvaalliiddaattee - rruunn mmaannyy ffiilleetteesstt cchheecckkss oonn aa ttrreeee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR HISTORY FFiillee::::CCoommppaarree - CCoommppaarree ffiilleess oorr ffiilleehhaannddlleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION RETURN AUTHOR FFiillee::::CCooppyy - CCooppyy ffiilleess oorr ffiilleehhaannddlleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Special behaviour if "syscopy" is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32) rmscopy($from,$to[,$dateflag]) RETURN NOTES AUTHOR FFiillee::::DDoossGGlloobb - DDOOSS lliikkee gglloobbbbiinngg aanndd tthheenn ssoommee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTES EXPORTS (by request only) BUGS AUTHOR HISTORY SEE ALSO FFiillee::::FFiinndd - TTrraavveerrssee aa ddiirreeccttoorryy ttrreeee.. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ffiinndd, ffiinnddddeepptthh %options "wanted", "bydepth", "preprocess", "postprocess", "follow", "followfast", "followskip", "danglingsymlinks", "nochdir", "untaint", "untaintpattern", "untaintskip" The wanted function $File::Find::dir is the current directory name,, $ is the cur- rent filename within that directory, $File::Find::name is the complete pathname to the file WARNINGS CAVEAT $dontusenlink, symlinks NOTES BUGS AND CAVEATS HISTORY FFiillee::::GGlloobb - PPeerrll eexxtteennssiioonn ffoorr BBSSDD gglloobb rroouuttiinnee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION "GLOBERR", "GLOBLIMIT", "GLOBMARK", "GLOBNOCASE", "GLOBNOCHECK", "GLOBNOSORT", "GLOBBRACE", "GLOBNOMAGIC", "GLOBQUOTE", "GLOBTILDE", "GLOBCSH", "GLOBALPHASORT" DIAGNOSTICS "GLOBNOSPACE", "GLOBABEND" NOTES AUTHOR FFiillee::::PPaatthh - ccrreeaattee oorr rreemmoovvee ddiirreeccttoorryy ttrreeeess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DIAGNOSTICS AUTHORS FFiillee::::SSppeecc - ppoorrttaabbllyy ppeerrffoorrmm ooppeerraattiioonnss oonn ffiillee nnaammeess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir, noupwards, casetolerant, filenameisabsolute, path, join, splitpath, splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs() SEE ALSO AUTHOR FFiillee::::SSppeecc::::CCyyggwwiinn - mmeetthhooddss ffoorr CCyyggwwiinn ffiillee ssppeeccss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION canonpath filenameisabsolute tmpdir (override) FFiillee::::SSppeecc::::EEppoocc - mmeetthhooddss ffoorr EEppoocc ffiillee ssppeeccss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHORS canonpath() SEE ALSO FFiillee::::SSppeecc::::FFuunnccttiioonnss - ppoorrttaabbllyy ppeerrffoorrmm ooppeerraattiioonnss oonn ffiillee nnaammeess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Exports SEE ALSO FFiillee::::SSppeecc::::MMaacc - FFiillee::::SSppeecc ffoorr MMaacc OOSS ((CCllaassssiicc)) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS canonpath catdir() catfile curdir devnull rootdir tmpdir updir filenameisabsolute path splitpath splitdir catpath abs2rel rel2abs AUTHORS SEE ALSO FFiillee::::SSppeecc::::OOSS22 - mmeetthhooddss ffoorr OOSS//22 ffiillee ssppeeccss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION tmpdir, splitpath FFiillee::::SSppeecc::::UUnniixx - FFiillee::::SSppeecc ffoorr UUnniixx,, bbaassee ffoorr ootthheerr FFiillee::::SSppeecc mmoodd- uulleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS canonpath() catdir() catfile curdir devnull rootdir tmpdir updir noupwards casetolerant filenameisabsolute path join splitpath splitdir catpath() abs2rel rel2abs() SEE ALSO FFiillee::::SSppeecc::::VVMMSS - mmeetthhooddss ffoorr VVMMSS ffiillee ssppeeccss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION eliminatemacros fixpath Methods always loaded canonpath (override) catdir catfile curdir (override) devnull (override) rootdir (override) tmpdir (override) updir (override) casetolerant (override) path (override) filenameisabsolute (override) splitpath (override) splitdir (override) catpath (override) abs2rel (override) rel2abs (override) SEE ALSO FFiillee::::SSppeecc::::WWiinn3322 - mmeetthhooddss ffoorr WWiinn3322 ffiillee ssppeeccss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION devnull tmpdir catfile canonpath splitpath splitdir catpath Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers SEE ALSO FFiillee::::TTeemmpp - rreettuurrnn nnaammee aanndd hhaannddllee ooff aa tteemmppoorraarryy ffiillee ssaaffeellyy PORTABILITY SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OO INTERFACE nneeww ffiilleennaammee DDEESSTTRROOYY FUNCTIONS tteemmppffiillee tteemmppddiirr MKTEMP FUNCTIONS mmkksstteemmpp mmkksstteemmppss mmkkddtteemmpp mmkktteemmpp POSIX FUNCTIONS ttmmppnnaamm ttmmppffiillee ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS tteemmppnnaamm UTILITY FUNCTIONS uunnlliinnkk00 ccmmppssttaatt uunnlliinnkk11 PACKAGE VARIABLES ssaaffeelleevveell, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH TopSystemUID WARNING Temporary files and NFS HISTORY SEE ALSO AUTHOR FFiillee::::ssttaatt - bbyy-nnaammee iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo PPeerrll''ss bbuuiilltt-iinn stat() ffuunnccttiioonnss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS NOTE AUTHOR FFiilleeCCaacchhee - kkeeeepp mmoorree ffiilleess ooppeenn tthhaann tthhee ssyysstteemm ppeerrmmiittss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR CAVEATS BUGS FFiilleeHHaannddllee - ssuuppppllyy oobbjjeecctt mmeetthhooddss ffoorr ffiilleehhaannddlleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION $fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines SEE ALSO FFiilltteerr::::SSiimmppllee - SSiimmpplliiffiieedd ssoouurrccee ffiilltteerriinngg SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION The Problem A Solution Disabling or changing behaviour All-in-one interface Filtering only specific components of source code "code", "executable", "quotelike", "string", "regex", "all" Filtering only the code parts of source code Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the 'code' component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial filters described in the previous sec- tion. Using Filter::Simple with an explicit "import" subroutine Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together How it works AUTHOR COPYRIGHT FFiilltteerr::::UUttiill::::CCaallll - PPeerrll SSoouurrccee FFiilltteerr UUttiilliittyy MMoodduullee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION uussee FFiilltteerr::::UUttiill::::CCaallll iimmppoorrtt(()) ffiilltteerr(()) aanndd aannoonnyymmoouuss ssuubb $$, $$ssttaattuuss, ffiilltteerrrreeaadd and ffiilltteerrrreeaaddeexxaacctt, ffiilltteerrddeell EXAMPLES Example 1: A simple filter. Example 2: Using the context Example 3: Using the context within the filter Example 4: Using filterdel Filter::Simple AUTHOR DATE FFiinnddBBiinn - LLooccaattee ddiirreeccttoorryy ooff oorriiggiinnaall ppeerrll ssccrriipptt SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXPORTABLE VARIABLES KNOWN ISSUES KNOWN BUGS AUTHORS COPYRIGHT GGDDBBMMFFiillee - PPeerrll55 aacccceessss ttoo tthhee ggddbbmm lliibbrraarryy.. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AVAILABILITY BUGS SEE ALSO GGeettoopptt::::LLoonngg - EExxtteennddeedd pprroocceessssiinngg ooff ccoommmmaanndd lliinnee ooppttiioonnss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Command Line Options, an Introduction Getting Started with Getopt::Long Simple options A little bit less simple options Mixing command line option with other arguments Options with values Options with multiple values Options with hash values User-defined subroutines to handle options Options with multiple names Case and abbreviations Summary of Option Specifications !, +, s, i, o, f, : type [ desttype ], : number [ desttype ], : + [ desttype ] Advanced Possibilities Object oriented interface Thread Safety Documentation and help texts Storing options in a hash Bundling The lonesome dash Argument callback Configuring Getopt::Long default, posixdefault, autoabbrev, getoptcompat, gnucompat, gnugetopt, requireorder, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundlingoverride (default: disabled), ignorecase (default: enabled), ignorecasealways (default: disabled), autoversion (default:disabled), autohelp (default:disabled), passthrough (default: disabled), prefix, prefixpattern, debug (default: dis- abled) Exportable Methods VersionMessage, "-message", "-msg", "-exitval", "-output", HelpMes- sage Return values and Errors Legacy Default destinations Alternative option starters Configuration variables Trouble Shooting GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not supplied GetOptions does not split the command line correctly Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long? AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER GGeettoopptt::::SSttdd,, ggeettoopptt,, ggeettooppttss - PPrroocceessss ssiinnggllee-cchhaarraacctteerr sswwiittcchheess wwiitthh sswwiittcchh cclluusstteerriinngg SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION "-help" and "-version" HHaasshh::::UUttiill - AA sseelleeccttiioonn ooff ggeenneerraall-uuttiilliittyy hhaasshh ssuubbrroouuttiinneess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Restricted hashes lockkeys, unlockkeys lockvalue, unlockvalue lloocckkhhaasshh, uunnlloocckkhhaasshh hhaasshhsseeeedd CAVEATS AUTHOR SEE ALSO II1188NN::::CCoollllaattee - ccoommppaarree 88-bbiitt ssccaallaarr ddaattaa aaccccoorrddiinngg ttoo tthhee ccuurrrreenntt llooccaallee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION II1188NN::::LLaannggTTaaggss - ffuunnccttiioonnss ffoorr ddeeaalliinngg wwiitthh RRFFCC33006666-ssttyyllee llaanngguuaaggee ttaaggss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION the function islanguagetag($lang1) the function extractlanguagetags($whatever) the function samelanguagetag($lang1, $lang2) the function similaritylanguagetag($lang1, $lang2) the function isdialectof($lang1, $lang2) the function superlanguages($lang1) the function locale2languagetag($localeidentifier) the function encodelanguagetag($lang1) the function alternatelanguagetags($lang1) the function @langs = paniclanguages(@acceptlanguages) the function implicatesupers( ...languages... ), the function impli- catesupersstrictly( ...languages... ) ABOUT LOWERCASING ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AUTHOR II1188NN::::LLaannggTTaaggss::::DDeetteecctt - ddeetteecctt tthhee uusseerr''ss llaanngguuaaggee pprreeffeerreenncceess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS ENVIRONMENT SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AUTHOR II1188NN::::LLaannggTTaaggss::::LLiisstt -- ttaaggss aanndd nnaammeess ffoorr hhuummaann llaanngguuaaggeess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS LIST OF LANGUAGES {ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} : Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} : Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} : Bali- nese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bul- garian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central Ameri- can Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyp- tian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English (ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan, {lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian, {he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} : Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian, {hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Ice- landic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)], {id} : Indone- sian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} : Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashu- bian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klin- gon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low Ger- man, {art-lojban} : Lojban (Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedo- nian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscella- neous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan, {na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} : Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean, {nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} : Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} : Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} : Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian (ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon} : Pohn- peian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit lan- guages], {pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} : Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan, [{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} : Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} : Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami, [{smi} : Sami lan- guages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan lan- guages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : North- ern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} : Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh} : Crimean Turk- ish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} : Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yid- dish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER AUTHOR II1188NN::::LLaannggiinnffoo - qquueerryy llooccaallee iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXPORT SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE IIOO - llooaadd vvaarriioouuss IIOO mmoodduulleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DEPRECATED IIOO::::DDiirr - ssuuppppllyy oobbjjeecctt mmeetthhooddss ffoorr ddiirreeccttoorryy hhaannddlleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IIOO::::FFiillee - ssuuppppllyy oobbjjeecctt mmeetthhooddss ffoorr ffiilleehhaannddlleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), newtmpfile METHODS open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ) SEE ALSO HISTORY IIOO::::HHaannddllee - ssuuppppllyy oobbjjeecctt mmeetthhooddss ffoorr II//OO hhaannddlleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new (), newfromfd ( FD, MODE ) METHODS $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint NOTE SEE ALSO BUGS HISTORY IIOO::::PPiippee - ssuuppppllyy oobbjjeecctt mmeetthhooddss ffoorr ppiippeess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [READER, WRITER] ) METHODS reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IIOO::::PPoollll - OObbjjeecctt iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo ssyysstteemm ppoollll ccaallll SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS mask ( IO [, EVENTMASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENTMASK ] ) SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IIOO::::SSeeeekkaabbllee - ssuuppppllyy sseeeekk bbaasseedd mmeetthhooddss ffoorr II//OO oobbjjeeccttss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEKSET), WHENCE=1 (SEEKCUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEKEND), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell SEE ALSO HISTORY IIOO::::SSeelleecctt - OOOO iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo tthhee sseelleecctt ssyysstteemm ccaallll SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HANDLES ] ) METHODS add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, canread ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), canwrite ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), hasexception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] ) EXAMPLE AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IIOO::::SSoocckkeett - OObbjjeecctt iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo ssoocckkeett ccoommmmuunniiccaattiioonnss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) METHODS accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, con- nected, protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, time- out([VAL]) SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IIOO::::SSoocckkeett::::IINNEETT - OObbjjeecctt iinntteerrffaaccee ffoorr AAFFIINNEETT ddoommaaiinn ssoocckkeettss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) METHODS sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost () SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IIOO::::SSoocckkeett::::UUNNIIXX - OObbjjeecctt iinntteerrffaaccee ffoorr AAFFUUNNIIXX ddoommaaiinn ssoocckkeettss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) METHODS hostpath(), peerpath() SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IIOO::::lliibb::::IIOO::::DDiirr,, IIOO::::DDiirr - ssuuppppllyy oobbjjeecctt mmeetthhooddss ffoorr ddiirreeccttoorryy hhaannddlleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (), rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ] SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IIOO::::lliibb::::IIOO::::FFiillee,, IIOO::::FFiillee - ssuuppppllyy oobbjjeecctt mmeetthhooddss ffoorr ffiilleehhaannddlleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), newtmpfile METHODS open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ) SEE ALSO HISTORY IIOO::::lliibb::::IIOO::::HHaannddllee,, IIOO::::HHaannddllee - ssuuppppllyy oobbjjeecctt mmeetthhooddss ffoorr II//OO hhaannddlleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new (), newfromfd ( FD, MODE ) METHODS $io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines, $io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error, $io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ), $io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint NOTE SEE ALSO BUGS HISTORY IIOO::::lliibb::::IIOO::::PPiippee,, IIOO::::PPiippee - ssuuppppllyy oobbjjeecctt mmeetthhooddss ffoorr ppiippeess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [READER, WRITER] ) METHODS reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles () SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IIOO::::lliibb::::IIOO::::PPoollll,, IIOO::::PPoollll - OObbjjeecctt iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo ssyysstteemm ppoollll ccaallll SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS mask ( IO [, EVENTMASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove ( IO ), handles( [ EVENTMASK ] ) SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IIOO::::lliibb::::IIOO::::SSeeeekkaabbllee,, IIOO::::SSeeeekkaabbllee - ssuuppppllyy sseeeekk bbaasseedd mmeetthhooddss ffoorr II//OO oobbjjeeccttss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION $io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEKSET), WHENCE=1 (SEEKCUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEKEND), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ), $io->tell SEE ALSO HISTORY IIOO::::lliibb::::IIOO::::SSeelleecctt,, IIOO::::SSeelleecctt - OOOO iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo tthhee sseelleecctt ssyysstteemm ccaallll SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HANDLES ] ) METHODS add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, canread ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), canwrite ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), hasexception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] ) EXAMPLE AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IIOO::::lliibb::::IIOO::::SSoocckkeett,, IIOO::::SSoocckkeett - OObbjjeecctt iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo ssoocckkeett ccoommmmuunniiccaa- ttiioonnss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) METHODS accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, con- nected, protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, time- out([VAL]) SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IIOO::::lliibb::::IIOO::::SSoocckkeett::::IINNEETT,, IIOO::::SSoocckkeett::::IINNEETT - OObbjjeecctt iinntteerrffaaccee ffoorr AAFFIINNEETT ddoommaaiinn ssoocckkeettss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) METHODS sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost () SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IIOO::::lliibb::::IIOO::::SSoocckkeett::::UUNNIIXX,, IIOO::::SSoocckkeett::::UUNNIIXX - OObbjjeecctt iinntteerrffaaccee ffoorr AAFFUUNNIIXX ddoommaaiinn ssoocckkeettss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ARGS] ) METHODS hostpath(), peerpath() SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IIPPCC::::MMssgg - SSyyssVV MMssgg IIPPCC oobbjjeecctt ccllaassss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IIPPCC::::OOppeenn22,, ooppeenn22 - ooppeenn aa pprroocceessss ffoorr bbootthh rreeaaddiinngg aanndd wwrriittiinngg SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION WARNING SEE ALSO IIPPCC::::OOppeenn33,, ooppeenn33 - ooppeenn aa pprroocceessss ffoorr rreeaaddiinngg,, wwrriittiinngg,, aanndd eerrrroorr hhaann- ddlliinngg SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION WARNING IIPPCC::::SSeemmaapphhoorree - SSyyssVV SSeemmaapphhoorree IIPPCC oobbjjeecctt ccllaassss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IIPPCC::::SSyyssVV - SSyyssVV IIPPCC ccoonnssttaannttss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ftok( PATH, ID ) SEE ALSO AUTHORS COPYRIGHT IIPPCC::::SSyyssVV::::MMssgg,, IIPPCC::::MMssgg - SSyyssVV MMssgg IIPPCC oobbjjeecctt ccllaassss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [, FLAGS ] ), stat SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT IIPPCC::::SSyyssVV::::SSeemmaapphhoorree,, IIPPCC::::SSeemmaapphhoorree - SSyyssVV SSeemmaapphhoorree IIPPCC oobbjjeecctt ccllaassss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ), getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N , VALUE ), stat SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT LLiisstt::::UUttiill - AA sseelleeccttiioonn ooff ggeenneerraall-uuttiilliittyy lliisstt ssuubbrroouuttiinneess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST KNOWN BUGS SUGGESTED ADDITIONS COPYRIGHT LLiisstt::::UUttiilliibb::::LLiisstt::::UUttiill,, LLiisstt::::UUttiill - AA sseelleeccttiioonn ooff ggeenneerraall-uuttiilliittyy lliisstt ssuubbrroouuttiinneess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST KNOWN BUGS SUGGESTED ADDITIONS COPYRIGHT LLiisstt::::UUttiilliibb::::SSccaallaarr::::UUttiill,, SSccaallaarr::::UUttiill - AA sseelleeccttiioonn ooff ggeenneerraall-uuttiill- iittyy ssccaallaarr ssuubbrroouuttiinneess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR, lookslikenumber EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR, setprototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF KNOWN BUGS COPYRIGHT BLATANT PLUG LLooccaallee::::CCoonnssttaannttss - ccoonnssttaannttss ffoorr LLooccaallee ccooddeess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS SEE ALSO Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency AUTHOR COPYRIGHT LLooccaallee::::CCoouunnttrryy - IISSOO ccooddeess ffoorr ccoouunnttrryy iiddeennttiiffiiccaattiioonn ((IISSOO 33116666)) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION aallpphhaa-22, aallpphhaa-33, nnuummeerriicc CONVERSION ROUTINES code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ), countrycode2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET ) QUERY ROUTINES "allcountrycodes( [ CODESET ] )", "allcountrynames( [ CODESET ] )" SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES aliascode renamecountry EXAMPLES DOMAIN NAMES KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS SEE ALSO Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::Sub- Country, ISO 3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-ser- vices/iso3166ma/index.html, http://www.egt.ie/stan- dards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html, http://www.cia.gov/cia/publica- tions/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html AUTHOR COPYRIGHT LLooccaallee::::CCuurrrreennccyy - IISSOO tthhrreeee lleetttteerr ccooddeess ffoorr ccuurrrreennccyy iiddeennttiiffiiccaattiioonn ((IISSOO 44221177)) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION XTS, XXX CONVERSION ROUTINES code2currency(), currency2code() QUERY ROUTINES "allcurrencycodes()", "allcurrencynames()" EXAMPLES KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS SEE ALSO Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995, http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency AUTHOR COPYRIGHT LLooccaallee::::LLaanngguuaaggee - IISSOO ttwwoo lleetttteerr ccooddeess ffoorr llaanngguuaaggee iiddeennttiiffiiccaattiioonn ((IISSOO 663399)) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONVERSION ROUTINES code2language(), language2code() QUERY ROUTINES "alllanguagecodes()", "alllanguagenames()" EXAMPLES KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS SEE ALSO Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F), http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html AUTHOR COPYRIGHT LLooccaallee::::MMaakkeetteexxtt - ffrraammeewwoorrkk ffoorr llooccaalliizzaattiioonn SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION QUICK OVERVIEW METHODS Construction Methods The "maketext" Method $lh->failwith or $lh->failwith(PARAM), $lh->failurehan- dlerauto Utility Methods $language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plu- ral, $negative), $language->numf($number), $lan- guage->sprintf($format, @items), $language->languagetag(), $language->encoding() Language Handle Attributes and Internals LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON BRACKET NOTATION AUTO LEXICONS CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE HOW TO USE MAKETEXT SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER AUTHOR LLooccaallee::::MMaakkeetteexxtt::::TTPPJJ1133 -- aarrttiiccllee aabboouutt ssooffttwwaarree llooccaalliizzaattiioonn SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You The Linguistic View Breaking gettext Replacing gettext Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation Buzzword: Isomorphism Buzzword: Inheritance Buzzword: Concision The Devil in the Details The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites References LLooccaallee::::SSccrriipptt - IISSOO ccooddeess ffoorr ssccrriipptt iiddeennttiiffiiccaattiioonn ((IISSOO 1155992244)) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION aallpphhaa-22, aallpphhaa-33, nnuummeerriicc SPECIAL CODES CONVERSION ROUTINES code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ), scriptcode2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET ) QUERY ROUTINES "allscriptcodes ( [ CODESET ] )", "allscriptnames ( [ CODESET ] )" EXAMPLES KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS SEE ALSO Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924, http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/ AUTHOR COPYRIGHT MMIIMMEE::::BBaassee6644 - EEnnccooddiinngg aanndd ddeeccooddiinngg ooff bbaassee6644 ssttrriinnggss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION encodebase64($str), encodebase64($str, $eol);, decodebase64($str) DIAGNOSTICS Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data EXAMPLES COPYRIGHT SEE ALSO MMIIMMEE::::BBaassee6644::::QQuuootteeddPPrriinntt,, MMIIMMEE::::QQuuootteeddPPrriinntt - EEnnccooddiinngg aanndd ddeeccooddiinngg ooff qquuootteedd-pprriinnttaabbllee ssttrriinnggss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION encodeqp($str), encodeqp($str, $eol), encodeqp($str, $eol, $bin- mode), decodeqp($str); COPYRIGHT SEE ALSO MMIIMMEE::::QQuuootteeddPPrriinntt - EEnnccooddiinngg aanndd ddeeccooddiinngg ooff qquuootteedd-pprriinnttaabbllee ssttrriinnggss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION encodeqp($str), encodeqp($str, $eol), encodeqp($str, $eol, $bin- mode), decodeqp($str); COPYRIGHT SEE ALSO MMaatthh::::BBiiggFFllooaatt - AArrbbiittrraarryy ssiizzee ffllooaattiinngg ppooiinntt mmaatthh ppaacckkaaggee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Canonical notation Output "mantissa()", "exponent()" and "parts()" Accuracy vs. Precision Rounding ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale ), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 ) EXAMPLES # not ready yet Autocreating constants Math library Using Math::BigInt::Lite BUGS CAVEATS stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow SEE ALSO LICENSE AUTHORS MMaatthh::::BBiiggIInntt - AArrbbiittrraarryy ssiizzee iinntteeggeerr mmaatthh ppaacckkaaggee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Input, Output METHODS config accuracy precision brsft new bnan bzero binf bone isone()/iszero()/isnan()/isinf() ispos()/isneg() $x->ispos(); # true if >= 0 $x->isneg(); # true if < 0 isodd()/iseven()/isint() bcmp bacmp sign digit bneg babs bnorm bnot binc bdec badd bsub bmul bdiv bmod bmodinv bmodpow bpow blsft brsft band bior bxor bnot bsqrt bfac round bround bfround bfloor bceil bgcd blcm exponent mantissa parts copy asint bsstr ashex asbin ACCURACY and PRECISION Precision P Accuracy A Fallback F Rounding mode R 'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy (significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating num- bers, Usage, Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values, Remarks INTERNALS MATH LIBRARY SIGN mantissa(), exponent() and parts() EXAMPLES use Math::BigInt; Autocreating constants PERFORMANCE Alternative math libraries SUBCLASSING Subclassing Math::BigInt UPGRADING Auto-upgrade bsqrt(), div(), blog() BUGS broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0 CAVEATS bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types, bsqrt(), brsft() LICENSE SEE ALSO AUTHORS MMaatthh::::BBiiggIInntt::::CCaallcc - PPuurree PPeerrll mmoodduullee ttoo ssuuppppoorrtt MMaatthh::::BBiiggIInntt SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION STORAGE METHODS WRAP YOUR OWN LICENSE This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or mod- ify it under the same terms as Perl itself. AUTHORS SEE ALSO MMaatthh::::BBiiggIInntt::::CCaallccEEmmuu - EEmmuullaattee llooww-lleevveell mmaatthh wwiitthh BBiiggIInntt ccooddee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS LICENSE This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or mod- ify it under the same terms as Perl itself. AUTHORS SEE ALSO MMaatthh::::BBiiggRRaatt - aarrbbiittrraarriillyy bbiigg rraattiioonnaall nnuummbbeerrss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION MATH LIBRARY METHODS new() numerator() denominator() $d = $x->denominator(); parts() asnumber() bfac() blog() bround()/round()/bfround() bmod() isone() iszero() ispositive() isnegative() isint() isodd() iseven() bceil() bfloor() $x->bfloor(); bsqrt() $x->bsqrt(); config BUGS inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer, bmod(), blog(), bmodinv() and bmodpow() (partial) LICENSE SEE ALSO AUTHORS MMaatthh::::CCoommpplleexx - ccoommpplleexx nnuummbbeerrss aanndd aassssoocciiaatteedd mmaatthheemmaattiiccaall ffuunnccttiioonnss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OPERATIONS CREATION STRINGIFICATION CHANGED IN PERL 5.6 USAGE ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS BUGS AUTHORS MMaatthh::::TTrriigg - ttrriiggoonnoommeettrriicc ffuunnccttiioonnss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS ttaann ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS COORDINATE SYSTEMS 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS cartesiantocylindrical, cartesiantospherical, cylindri- caltocartesian, cylindricaltospherical, sphericaltocarte- sian, sphericaltocylindrical GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS EXAMPLES CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS BUGS AUTHORS MMeemmooiizzee - MMaakkee ffuunnccttiioonnss ffaasstteerr bbyy ttrraaddiinngg ssppaaccee ffoorr ttiimmee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DETAILS OPTIONS INSTALL NORMALIZER "SCALARCACHE", "LISTCACHE" "MEMORY", "HASH", "TIE", "FAULT", "MERGE" OTHER FACILITIES "unmemoize" "flushcache" CAVEATS PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT EXPIRATION SUPPORT BUGS MAILING LIST AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE THANK YOU MMeemmooiizzee::::AAnnyyDDBBMMFFiillee - gglluuee ttoo pprroovviiddee EEXXIISSTTSS ffoorr AAnnyyDDBBMMFFiillee ffoorr SSttoorraabbllee uussee DESCRIPTION MMeemmooiizzee::::EExxppiirree - PPlluugg-iinn mmoodduullee ffoorr aauuttoommaattiicc eexxppiirraattiioonn ooff mmeemmooiizzeedd vvaalluueess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION INTERFACE TIEHASH, EXISTS, STORE ALTERNATIVES CAVEATS AUTHOR SEE ALSO MMeemmooiizzee::::EExxppiirreeFFiillee - tteesstt ffoorr MMeemmooiizzee eexxppiirraattiioonn sseemmaannttiiccss DESCRIPTION MMeemmooiizzee::::EExxppiirreeTTeesstt - tteesstt ffoorr MMeemmooiizzee eexxppiirraattiioonn sseemmaannttiiccss DESCRIPTION MMeemmooiizzee::::NNDDBBMMFFiillee - gglluuee ttoo pprroovviiddee EEXXIISSTTSS ffoorr NNDDBBMMFFiillee ffoorr SSttoorraabbllee uussee DESCRIPTION MMeemmooiizzee::::SSDDBBMMFFiillee - gglluuee ttoo pprroovviiddee EEXXIISSTTSS ffoorr SSDDBBMMFFiillee ffoorr SSttoorraabbllee uussee DESCRIPTION MMeemmooiizzee::::SSttoorraabbllee - ssttoorree MMeemmooiizzeedd ddaattaa iinn SSttoorraabbllee ddaattaabbaassee DESCRIPTION NNDDBBMMFFiillee - TTiieedd aacccceessss ttoo nnddbbmm ffiilleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION "ORDONLY", "OWRONLY", "ORDWR" DIAGNOSTICS "ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ..." BUGS AND WARNINGS NNEEXXTT - PPrroovviiddee aa ppsseeuuddoo-ccllaassss NNEEXXTT ((eett aall)) tthhaatt aalllloowwss mmeetthhoodd rreeddiiss- ppaattcchh SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Enforcing redispatch Avoiding repetitions Invoking all versions of a method with a single call Using "EVERY" methods AUTHOR BUGS AND IRRITATIONS COPYRIGHT NNeett::::CCmmdd - NNeettwwoorrkk CCoommmmaanndd ccllaassss ((aass uusseedd bbyy FFTTPP,, SSMMTTPP eettcc)) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION USER METHODS debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ), dataend () CLASS METHODS debugprint ( DIR, TEXT ), debugtext ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ... ]), unsupported (), response (), parseresponse ( TEXT ), getline (), ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), readuntildot (), tiedfh () EXPORTS AUTHOR COPYRIGHT NNeett::::CCoonnffiigg - LLooccaall ccoonnffiigguurraattiioonn ddaattaa ffoorr lliibbnneett SYNOPSYS DESCRIPTION METHODS requiresfirewall HOST NetConfig VALUES nntphosts, snpphosts, pop3hosts, smtphosts, phhosts, day- timehosts, timehosts, inetdomain, ftpfirewall, ftpfire- walltype, ftpextpassive, ftpintpasive, localnetmask, testhosts, testexists NNeett::::DDoommaaiinn - AAtttteemmpptt ttoo eevvaalluuaattee tthhee ccuurrrreenntt hhoosstt''ss iinntteerrnneett nnaammee aanndd ddoommaaiinn SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain () AUTHOR COPYRIGHT NNeett::::FFTTPP - FFTTPP CClliieenntt ccllaassss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OVERVIEW CONSTRUCTOR new ([ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ]) METHODS login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]), site (ARGS), ascii, binary, rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME ), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), alloc ( SIZE [, RECORDSIZE] ), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTEFILE [, LOCALFILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCALFILE [, REMOTEFILE ] ), putunique ( LOCALFILE [, REMOTEFILE ] ), append ( LOCALFILE [, REMOTEFILE ] ), uniquename (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLEGLOBREF],[ BYTESPERHASHMARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasvxfer ( SRCFILE, DESTSERVER [, DESTFILE ] ), pasvxferunique ( SRCFILE, DESTSERVER [, DESTFILE ] ), pasvwait ( NONPASVSERVER ), abort (), quit () Methods for the adventurous quot (CMD [,ARGS]) THE dataconn CLASS read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), bytesread (), abort (), close () UNIMPLEMENTED SSMMNNTT, HHEELLPP, MMOODDEE, SSYYSSTT, SSTTAATT, SSTTRRUU, RREEIINN REPORTING BUGS AUTHOR SEE ALSO USE EXAMPLES http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/ CREDITS COPYRIGHT NNeett::::NNNNTTPP - NNNNTTPP CClliieenntt ccllaassss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ]) METHODS article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (), postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (), post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit () Extension methods newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (), overviewfmt (), activetimes (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgti- tle ( PATTERN ), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MES- SAGE-SPEC ), xpath ( MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MES- SAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [ GROUP ] ), reader UNSUPPORTED DEFINITIONS MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, "[^]-]", *bdc, "[0-9a-zA-Z]", "a??d" SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT NNeett::::PPOOPP33 - PPoosstt OOffffiiccee PPrroottooccooll 33 CClliieenntt ccllaassss ((RRFFCC11993399)) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] 0 METHODS auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), banner (), capa (), capabilities (), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit () NOTES SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT NNeett::::PPiinngg - cchheecckk aa rreemmoottee hhoosstt ffoorr rreeaacchhaabbiilliittyy SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Functions Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $deftimeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos ]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->sourceverify( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->servicecheck( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcpser- vicecheck( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($localaddr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack( [ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failedackhost );, $p->close();, pingecho($host [, $timeout]); NOTES INSTALL BUGS AUTHORS COPYRIGHT NNeett::::SSMMTTPP - SSiimmppllee MMaaiill TTrraannssffeerr PPrroottooccooll CClliieenntt SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES CONSTRUCTOR new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] ) METHODS banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), host (), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), sendormail ( ADDRESS ), sendandmail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS, [...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ), quit () ADDRESSES SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT NNeett::::TTiimmee - ttiimmee aanndd ddaayyttiimmee nneettwwoorrkk cclliieenntt iinntteerrffaaccee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION inettime ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inetdaytime ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]) AUTHOR COPYRIGHT NNeett::::hhoosstteenntt - bbyy-nnaammee iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo PPeerrll''ss bbuuiilltt-iinn ggeetthhoosstt**(()) ffuunncc- ttiioonnss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES NOTE AUTHOR NNeett::::lliibbnneettFFAAQQ,, lliibbnneettFFAAQQ - lliibbnneett FFrreeqquueennttllyy AAsskkeedd QQuueessttiioonnss DESCRIPTION Where to get this document How to contribute to this document Author and Copyright Information Disclaimer Obtaining and installing libnet What is libnet ? Which version of perl do I need ? What other modules do I need ? What machines support libnet ? Where can I get the latest libnet release Using Net::FTP How do I download files from an FTP server ? How do I transfer files in binary mode ? How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ? How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server ? How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ? Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ? How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ? Changing directory to "" does not fail ? I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ? I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines out- side ? My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21 Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP server ? I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it docu- mented ? Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods Using Net::SMTP Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the hostname ? Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ? The verify method always returns true ? Debugging scripts How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ? AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT NNeett::::nneetteenntt - bbyy-nnaammee iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo PPeerrll''ss bbuuiilltt-iinn ggeettnneett**(()) ffuunnccttiioonnss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES NOTE AUTHOR NNeett::::pprroottooeenntt - bbyy-nnaammee iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo PPeerrll''ss bbuuiilltt-iinn ggeettpprroottoo**(()) ffuunncc- ttiioonnss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE AUTHOR NNeett::::sseerrvveenntt - bbyy-nnaammee iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo PPeerrll''ss bbuuiilltt-iinn ggeettsseerrvv**(()) ffuunncc- ttiioonnss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES NOTE AUTHOR NNeettrrcc,, NNeett::::NNeettrrcc - OOOO iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo uusseerrss nneettrrcc ffiillee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION THE .netrc FILE machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef name CONSTRUCTOR lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ]) METHODS login (), password (), account (), lpa () AUTHOR SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT OO - GGeenneerriicc iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo PPeerrll CCoommppiilleerr bbaacckkeennddss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CONVENTIONS IMPLEMENTATION BUGS AUTHOR OODDBBMMFFiillee - TTiieedd aacccceessss ttoo ooddbbmm ffiilleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION "ORDONLY", "OWRONLY", "ORDWR" DIAGNOSTICS "odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ..." BUGS AND WARNINGS OOppccooddee - DDiissaabbllee nnaammeedd ooppccooddeess wwhheenn ccoommppiilliinngg ppeerrll ccooddee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE WARNING Operator Names and Operator Lists an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname or optag, an operator set (opset) Opcode Functions opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opsettoops (OPSET), opsettohex (OPSET), fullopset, emptyopset, invertopset (OPSET), ver- ifyopset (OPSET, ...), defineoptag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmaskadd (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...), opdump (PAT) Manipulating Opsets TO DO (maybe) Predefined Opcode Tags :basecore, :basemem, :baseloop, :baseio, :baseorig, :basemath, :basethread, :default, :filesysread, :sysdb, :browse, :filesysopen, :filesyswrite, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :stilltobedecided, :dangerous SEE ALSO AUTHORS OOppccooddee::::SSaaffee,, SSaaffee - CCoommppiillee aanndd eexxeeccuuttee ccooddee iinn rreessttrriicctteedd ccoommppaarrtt- mmeennttss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION a new namespace, an operator mask WARNING RECENT CHANGES Methods in class Safe permit (OP, ...), permitonly (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), denyonly (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), sharefrom (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK) Some Safety Issues Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes AUTHOR OOppccooddee::::ooppss,, ooppss - PPeerrll pprraaggmmaa ttoo rreessttrriicctt uunnssaaffee ooppeerraattiioonnss wwhheenn ccoomm- ppiilliinngg SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO PPOOSSIIXX - PPeerrll iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo IIEEEEEE SSttdd 11000033..11 SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE CAVEATS FUNCTIONS exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2, atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown, clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime, cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv, execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror, fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf, fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos, fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isal- pha, isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, locale- conv, localtime, log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, set- sid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp, sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat, strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen, strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod, strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain, tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile, tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc, unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs, wctomb, write CLASSES POSIX::SigAction new, handler, mask, flags, safe POSIX::SigSet new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember POSIX::Termios new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag, getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag, setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, ccc field values, ccflag field values, ciflag field values, clflag field values, coflag field values PATHNAME CONSTANTS Constants POSIX CONSTANTS Constants SYSTEM CONFIGURATION Constants ERRNO Constants FCNTL Constants FLOAT Constants LIMITS Constants LOCALE Constants MATH Constants SIGNAL Constants STAT Constants, Macros STDLIB Constants STDIO Constants TIME Constants UNISTD Constants WAIT Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED, WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG PPeerrllIIOO - OOnn ddeemmaanndd llooaaddeerr ffoorr PPeerrllIIOO llaayyeerrss aanndd rroooott ooff PPeerrllIIOO::::** nnaammee ssppaaccee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION :unix, :stdio, :perlio, :crlf, :mmap, :utf8, :bytes, :raw, :pop, :win32 Custom Layers :encoding, :via Alternatives to raw Defaults and how to override them Querying the layers of filehandles AUTHOR SEE ALSO PPeerrllIIOO::::eennccooddiinngg - eennccooddiinngg llaayyeerr SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO PPeerrllIIOO::::ssccaallaarr - iinn-mmeemmoorryy IIOO,, ssccaallaarr IIOO SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION IMPLEMENTATION NOTE PPeerrllIIOO::::vviiaa - HHeellppeerr ccllaassss ffoorr PPeerrllIIOO llaayyeerrss iimmpplleemmeenntteedd iinn ppeerrll SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXPECTED METHODS $class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]), $obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]), $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh), $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh), $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh), $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh) EXAMPLES Example - a Hexadecimal Handle PPeerrllIIOO::::vviiaa::::QQuuootteeddPPrriinntt - PPeerrllIIOO llaayyeerr ffoorr qquuootteedd-pprriinnttaabbllee ssttrriinnggss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION REQUIRED MODULES SEE ALSO ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS COPYRIGHT PPoodd::::CChheecckkeerr,, podchecker() - cchheecckk ppoodd ddooccuummeennttss ffoorr ssyynnttaaxx eerrrroorrss SYNOPSIS OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS podchecker() -wwaarrnniinnggss => val DESCRIPTION DIAGNOSTICS Errors empty =headn, =over on line N without closing =back, =item without previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argu- ment for =begin, =end without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification, unresolved internal link NAME, Unknown command "CMD", Unknown interior-sequence "SEQ", nested commands CMD<...CMD<...>...>, garbled entity STRING, Entity number out of range, malformed link L<>, nonempty Z<>, empty X<>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s) after =back Warnings multiple occurrence of link target name, line containing noth- ing but whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has no contents, preceding non-item para- graph(s), =item type mismatch (one vs. two), N unescaped "<>" in paragraph, Unknown entity, No items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph, Verbatim para- graph in NAME section, =headn without preceding higher level Hyperlinks ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page' deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non- escaped | or / RETURN VALUE EXAMPLES INTERFACE "Pod::Checker->new( %options )" "$checker->poderror( @args )", "$checker->poderror( {%opts}, @args )" "$checker->numerrors()" "$checker->numwarnings()" "$checker->name()" "$checker->node()" "$checker->idx()" "$checker->hyperlink()" AUTHOR PPoodd::::FFiinndd - ffiinndd PPOODD ddooccuummeennttss iinn ddiirreeccttoorryy ttrreeeess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION "podfind( { %opts } , @directories )" "-verbose => 1", "-perl => 1", "-script => 1", "-inc => 1" "simplifyname( $str )" "podwhere( { %opts }, $pod )" "-inc => 1", "-dirs => [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]", "-verbose => 1" "containspod( $file , $verbose )" AUTHOR SEE ALSO PPoodd::::HHttmmll - mmoodduullee ttoo ccoonnvveerrtt ppoodd ffiilleess ttoo HHTTMMLL SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ARGUMENTS backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, hiddendirs, htmldir, htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, pod- root, quiet, recurse, title, verbose EXAMPLE ENVIRONMENT AUTHOR SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT PPoodd::::IInnppuuttOObbjjeeccttss - oobbjjeeccttss rreepprreesseennttiinngg PPOODD iinnppuutt ppaarraaggrraapphhss,, ccoomm- mmaannddss,, eettcc.. SYNOPSIS REQUIRES EXPORTS DESCRIPTION package PPoodd::::IInnppuuttSSoouurrccee, package PPoodd::::PPaarraaggrraapphh, package PPoodd::::IInntteerriioorrSSeeqquueennccee, package PPoodd::::PPaarrsseeTTrreeee PPoodd::::IInnppuuttSSoouurrccee nneeww(()) nnaammee(()) hhaannddllee(()) wwaassccuuttttiinngg(()) PPoodd::::PPaarraaggrraapphh Pod::Paragraph->nneeww(()) $podpara->ccmmddnnaammee(()) $podpara->tteexxtt(()) $podpara->rraawwtteexxtt(()) $podpara->ccmmddpprreeffiixx(()) $podpara->ccmmddsseeppaarraattoorr(()) $podpara->ppaarrsseettrreeee(()) $podpara->ffiilleelliinnee(()) PPoodd::::IInntteerriioorrSSeeqquueennccee Pod::InteriorSequence->nneeww(()) $podseq->ccmmddnnaammee(()) $podseq->pprreeppeenndd(()) $podseq->aappppeenndd(()) $podseq->nneesstteedd(()) $podseq->rraawwtteexxtt(()) $podseq->lleeffttddeelliimmiitteerr(()) $podseq->rriigghhttddeelliimmiitteerr(()) $podseq->ppaarrsseettrreeee(()) $podseq->ffiilleelliinnee(()) Pod::InteriorSequence::DDEESSTTRROOYY(()) PPoodd::::PPaarrsseeTTrreeee Pod::ParseTree->nneeww(()) $ptree->ttoopp(()) $ptree->cchhiillddrreenn(()) $ptree->pprreeppeenndd(()) $ptree->aappppeenndd(()) $ptree->rraawwtteexxtt(()) Pod::ParseTree::DDEESSTTRROOYY(()) SEE ALSO AUTHOR PPoodd::::LLaaTTeeXX - CCoonnvveerrtt PPoodd ddaattaa ttoo ffoorrmmaatttteedd LLaatteexx SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OBJECT METHODS "initialize" Data Accessors AAddddPPrreeaammbbllee AAddddPPoossttaammbbllee HHeeaadd11LLeevveell LLaabbeell LLeevveellNNooNNuumm MMaakkeeIInnddeexx ReplaceNAMEwithSection SSttaarrttWWiitthhNNeewwPPaaggee TTaabblleeOOffCCoonntteennttss UUnniiqquueeLLaabbeellss UUsseerrPPrreeaammbbllee UUsseerrPPoossttaammbbllee LLiissttss Subclassed methods bbeeggiinnppoodd eennddppoodd ccoommmmaanndd vveerrbbaattiimm tteexxttbblloocckk iinntteerriioorrsseeqquueennccee List Methods bbeeggiinnlliisstt eennddlliisstt aaddddiitteemm Methods for headings hheeaadd Internal methods oouuttppuutt rreeppllaacceessppeecciiaallcchhaarrss rreeppllaacceessppeecciiaallcchhaarrssllaattee ccrreeaatteellaabbeell ccrreeaatteeiinnddeexx cclleeaannllaatteexxccoommmmaannddss sspplliittddeelliimmiitteedd NOTES SEE ALSO AUTHORS COPYRIGHT REVISION PPoodd::::MMaann - CCoonnvveerrtt PPOODD ddaattaa ttoo ffoorrmmaatttteedd **rrooffff iinnppuutt SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes, release, section DIAGNOSTICS roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown escape E<%s>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back BUGS CAVEATS SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE PPoodd::::PPaarrsseeLLiinnkk - PPaarrssee aann LL<<>> ffoorrmmaattttiinngg ccooddee iinn PPOODD tteexxtt SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE PPoodd::::PPaarrsseeUUttiillss - hheellppeerrss ffoorr PPOODD ppaarrssiinngg aanndd ccoonnvveerrssiioonn SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Pod::List Pod::List->new() $list->file() $list->start() $list->indent() $list->type() $list->rx() $list->item() $list->parent() $list->tag() Pod::Hyperlink Pod::Hyperlink->new() $link->parse($string) $link->markup($string) $link->text() $link->warning() $link->file(), $link->line() $link->page() $link->node() $link->alttext() $link->type() $link->link() Pod::Cache Pod::Cache->new() $cache->item() $cache->findpage($name) Pod::Cache::Item Pod::Cache::Item->new() $cacheitem->page() $cacheitem->description() $cacheitem->path() $cacheitem->file() $cacheitem->nodes() $cacheitem->findnode($name) $cacheitem->idx() AUTHOR SEE ALSO PPoodd::::PPaarrsseerr - bbaassee ccllaassss ffoorr ccrreeaattiinngg PPOODD ffiilltteerrss aanndd ttrraannssllaattoorrss SYNOPSIS REQUIRES EXPORTS DESCRIPTION QUICK OVERVIEW PARSING OPTIONS -wwaannttnnoonnPPOODDss (default: unset), -pprroocceessssccuuttccmmdd (default: unset), -wwaarrnniinnggss (default: unset) RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES ccoommmmaanndd(()) $cmd, $text, $linenum, $podpara vveerrbbaattiimm(()) $text, $linenum, $podpara tteexxttbblloocckk(()) $text, $linenum, $podpara iinntteerriioorrsseeqquueennccee(()) OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES nneeww(()) iinniittiiaalliizzee(()) bbeeggiinnppoodd(()) bbeeggiinniinnppuutt(()) eennddiinnppuutt(()) eennddppoodd(()) pprreepprroocceesssslliinnee(()) pprreepprroocceessssppaarraaggrraapphh(()) METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING ppaarrsseetteexxtt(()) -eexxppaannddsseeqq => code-ref|method-name, -eexxppaannddtteexxtt => code- ref|method-name, -eexxppaannddppttrreeee => code-ref|method-name iinntteerrppoollaattee(()) ppaarrsseeppaarraaggrraapphh(()) ppaarrsseeffrroommffiilleehhaannddllee(()) ppaarrsseeffrroommffiillee(()) ACCESSOR METHODS eerrrroorrssuubb(()) ccuuttttiinngg(()) ppaarrsseeooppttss(()) oouuttppuuttffiillee(()) oouuttppuutthhaannddllee(()) iinnppuuttffiillee(()) iinnppuutthhaannddllee(()) iinnppuuttssttrreeaammss(()) ttooppssttrreeaamm(()) PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA ppuusshhiinnppuuttssttrreeaamm(()) ppooppiinnppuuttssttrreeaamm(()) TREE-BASED PARSING SEE ALSO AUTHOR PPoodd::::PPeerrllddoocc::::TTooCChheecckkeerr - lleett PPeerrllddoocc cchheecckk PPoodd ffoorr eerrrroorrss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS AUTHOR PPoodd::::PPeerrllddoocc::::TTooMMaann - lleett PPeerrllddoocc rreennddeerr PPoodd aass mmaann ppaaggeess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CAVEAT SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS AUTHOR PPoodd::::PPeerrllddoocc::::TTooNNrrooffff - lleett PPeerrllddoocc ccoonnvveerrtt PPoodd ttoo nnrrooffff SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CAVEAT SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS AUTHOR PPoodd::::PPeerrllddoocc::::TTooPPoodd - lleett PPeerrllddoocc rreennddeerr PPoodd aass ...... PPoodd!! SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS AUTHOR PPoodd::::PPeerrllddoocc::::TTooRRttff - lleett PPeerrllddoocc rreennddeerr PPoodd aass RRTTFF SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS AUTHOR PPoodd::::PPeerrllddoocc::::TTooTTeexxtt - lleett PPeerrllddoocc rreennddeerr PPoodd aass ppllaaiinntteexxtt SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CAVEAT SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS AUTHOR PPoodd::::PPeerrllddoocc::::TTooTTkk - lleett PPeerrllddoocc uussee TTkk::::PPoodd ttoo rreennddeerr PPoodd SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO AUTHOR PPoodd::::PPeerrllddoocc::::TTooXXmmll - lleett PPeerrllddoocc rreennddeerr PPoodd aass XXMMLL SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SEE ALSO COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS AUTHOR PPoodd::::PPllaaiinnTTeexxtt - CCoonnvveerrtt PPOODD ddaattaa ttoo ffoorrmmaatttteedd AASSCCIIII tteexxtt SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION alt, indent, loose, sentence, width DIAGNOSTICS Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s, Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back RESTRICTIONS NOTES SEE ALSO AUTHOR PPoodd::::PPllaaiinneerr - PPeerrll eexxtteennssiioonn ffoorr ccoonnvveerrttiinngg PPoodd ttoo oolldd ssttyyllee PPoodd.. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXPORT AUTHOR SEE ALSO PPoodd::::SSeelleecctt,, podselect() - eexxttrraacctt sseelleecctteedd sseeccttiioonnss ooff PPOODD ffrroomm iinnppuutt SYNOPSIS REQUIRES EXPORTS DESCRIPTION SECTION SPECIFICATIONS RANGE SPECIFICATIONS OBJECT METHODS ccuurrrrhheeaaddiinnggss(()) sseelleecctt(()) aaddddsseelleeccttiioonn(()) cclleeaarrsseelleeccttiioonnss(()) mmaattcchhsseeccttiioonn(()) iisssseelleecctteedd(()) EXPORTED FUNCTIONS ppooddsseelleecctt(()) -oouuttppuutt, -sseeccttiioonnss, -rraannggeess PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA ccoommppiilleesseeccttiioonnssppeecc(()) $self->{SECTIONHEADINGS} $self->{SELECTEDSECTIONS} SEE ALSO AUTHOR PPoodd::::TTeexxtt - CCoonnvveerrtt PPOODD ddaattaa ttoo ffoorrmmaatttteedd AASSCCIIII tteexxtt SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width DIAGNOSTICS Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown com- mand paragraph: %s, %s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown for- matting code: %s, %s:%d: Unmatched =back RESTRICTIONS NOTES SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE PPoodd::::TTeexxtt::::CCoolloorr - CCoonnvveerrtt PPOODD ddaattaa ttoo ffoorrmmaatttteedd ccoolloorr AASSCCIIII tteexxtt SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE PPoodd::::TTeexxtt::::OOvveerrssttrriikkee - CCoonnvveerrtt PPOODD ddaattaa ttoo ffoorrmmaatttteedd oovveerrssttrriikkee tteexxtt SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE PPoodd::::TTeexxtt::::TTeerrmmccaapp - CCoonnvveerrtt PPOODD ddaattaa ttoo AASSCCIIII tteexxtt wwiitthh ffoorrmmaatt eessccaappeess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTES SEE ALSO AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE PPoodd::::UUssaaggee,, pod2usage() - pprriinntt aa uussaaggee mmeessssaaggee ffrroomm eemmbbeeddddeedd ppoodd ddooccuu- mmeennttaattiioonn SYNOPSIS ARGUMENTS "-message", "-msg", "-exitval", "-verbose", "-output", "-input", "-pathlist" DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES Recommended Use CAVEATS AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SSDDBBMMFFiillee - TTiieedd aacccceessss ttoo ssddbbmm ffiilleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION "ORDONLY", "OWRONLY", "ORDWR" DIAGNOSTICS "sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ..." BUGS AND WARNINGS SSaaffee - CCoommppiillee aanndd eexxeeccuuttee ccooddee iinn rreessttrriicctteedd ccoommppaarrttmmeennttss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION a new namespace, an operator mask WARNING RECENT CHANGES Methods in class Safe permit (OP, ...), permitonly (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), denyonly (OP, ...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), sharefrom (PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME), root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK) Some Safety Issues Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes AUTHOR SSccaallaarr::::UUttiill - AA sseelleeccttiioonn ooff ggeenneerraall-uuttiilliittyy ssccaallaarr ssuubbrroouuttiinneess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR, lookslikenumber EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR, setprototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF KNOWN BUGS COPYRIGHT BLATANT PLUG SSeeaarrcchh::::DDiicctt,, llooookk - sseeaarrcchh ffoorr kkeeyy iinn ddiiccttiioonnaarryy ffiillee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SSeelleeccttSSaavveerr - ssaavvee aanndd rreessttoorree sseelleecctteedd ffiillee hhaannddllee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION SSeellffLLooaaddeerr - llooaadd ffuunnccttiioonnss oonnllyy oonn ddeemmaanndd SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION The DATA token SelfLoader autoloading Autoloading and package lexicals SelfLoader and AutoLoader DATA, END, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle. Classes and inherited methods. Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names SShheellll - rruunn sshheellll ccoommmmaannddss ttrraannssppaarreennttllyy wwiitthhiinn ppeerrll SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Caveats Escaping Magic Characters Configuration BUGS AUTHOR SSoocckkeett,, ssoocckkaaddddrriinn,, ssoocckkaaddddrruunn,, iinneettaattoonn,, iinneettnnttooaa - llooaadd tthhee CC ssoocckkeett..hh ddeeffiinneess aanndd ssttrruuccttuurree mmaanniippuullaattoorrss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION inetaton HOSTNAME, inetntoa IPADDRESS, INADDRANY, INADDRBROAD- CAST, INADDRLOOPBACK, INADDRNONE, sockaddrfamily SOCKADDR, sock- addrin PORT, ADDRESS, sockaddrin SOCKADDRIN, packsockaddrin PORT, IPADDRESS, unpacksockaddrin SOCKADDRIN, sockaddrun PATH- NAME, sockaddrun SOCKADDRUN, packsockaddrun PATH, unpacksock- addrun SOCKADDRUN SSttoorraabbllee - ppeerrssiisstteennccee ffoorr PPeerrll ddaattaa ssttrruuccttuurreess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION MEMORY STORE ADVISORY LOCKING SPEED CANONICAL REPRESENTATION CODE REFERENCES FORWARD COMPATIBILITY utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable ERROR REPORTING WIZARDS ONLY Hooks "STORABLEfreeze" obj, cloning, "STORABLEthaw" obj, cloning, serialized, .. Predicates "Storable::lastopinnetorder", "Storable::isstoring", "Storable::isretrieving" Recursion Deep Cloning Storable magic EXAMPLES WARNING BUGS 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1 CREDITS AUTHOR SEE ALSO SSwwiittcchh - AA sswwiittcchh ssttaatteemmeenntt ffoorr PPeerrll VERSION SYNOPSIS BACKGROUND DESCRIPTION Allowing fall-through Automating fall-through Alternative syntax Higher-order Operations DEPENDENCIES AUTHOR BUGS LIMITATIONS COPYRIGHT SSyymmbbooll - mmaanniippuullaattee PPeerrll ssyymmbboollss aanndd tthheeiirr nnaammeess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS SSyyss::::HHoossttnnaammee - TTrryy eevveerryy ccoonncceeiivvaabbllee wwaayy ttoo ggeett hhoossttnnaammee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR SSyysslloogg,, SSyyss::::SSyysslloogg,, ooppeennlloogg,, cclloosseelloogg,, sseettllooggmmaasskk,, ssyysslloogg - PPeerrll iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo tthhee UUNNIIXX syslog((33)) ccaallllss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $maskpriority, setlogsock $socktype [$streamlocation] (added in 5.00402), closelog EXAMPLES SEE ALSO AUTHOR SSyysslloogg::::SSyysslloogg,, SSyyss::::SSyysslloogg,, ooppeennlloogg,, cclloosseelloogg,, sseettllooggmmaasskk,, ssyysslloogg - PPeerrll iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo tthhee UUNNIIXX syslog((33)) ccaallllss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args, setlogmask $maskpriority, setlogsock $socktype [$streamlocation] (added in 5.00402), closelog EXAMPLES SEE ALSO AUTHOR TTeerrmm::::AANNSSIICCoolloorr - CCoolloorr ssccrreeeenn oouuttppuutt uussiinngg AANNSSII eessccaappee sseeqquueenncceess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION DIAGNOSTICS Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s ENVIRONMENT ANSICOLORSDISABLED RESTRICTIONS NOTES SEE ALSO AUTHORS COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE TTeerrmm::::CCaapp - PPeerrll tteerrmmccaapp iinntteerrffaaccee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION METHODS TTggeetteenntt, OSPEED, TERM TTppaadd, $$ssttrriinngg, $$ccnntt, $$FFHH TTppuuttss, $$ccaapp, $$ccnntt, $$FFHH TTggoottoo, $$ccaapp, $$ccooll, $$rrooww, $$FFHH TTrreeqquuiirree EXAMPLES COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE AUTHOR SEE ALSO TTeerrmm::::CCoommpplleettee - PPeerrll wwoorrdd ccoommpplleettiioonn mmoodduullee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION , ^D, ^U, , DIAGNOSTICS BUGS AUTHOR TTeerrmm::::RReeaaddLLiinnee - PPeerrll iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo vvaarriioouuss ""rreeaaddlliinnee"" ppaacckkaaggeess.. IIff nnoo rreeaall ppaacckkaaggee iiss ffoouunndd,, ssuubbssttiittuutteess ssttuubbss iinnsstteeaadd ooff bbaassiicc ffuunnccttiioonnss.. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Minimal set of supported functions "ReadLine", "new", "readline", "addhistory", "IN", "OUT", "Min- Line", "findConsole", Attribs, "Features" Additional supported functions "tkRunning", "ornaments", "newTTY" EXPORTS ENVIRONMENT CAVEATS TTeesstt - pprroovviiddeess aa ssiimmppllee ffrraammeewwoorrkk ffoorr wwrriittiinngg tteesstt ssccrriippttss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION QUICK START GUIDE Functions "plan(...)", "tests => number", "todo => [1,5,14]", "onfail => sub { ... }", "onfail => \&somesub" ttoovvaalluuee "ok(...)" "skip(skipiftrue, args...)" TEST TYPES NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS ONFAIL BUGS and CAVEATS ENVIRONMENT NOTE SEE ALSO AUTHOR TTeesstt::::BBuuiillddeerr - BBaacckkeenndd ffoorr bbuuiillddiinngg tteesstt lliibbrraarriieess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Construction nneeww Setting up tests eexxppoorrtteeddttoo ppllaann eexxppeecctteeddtteessttss nnooppllaann hhaassppllaann sskkiippaallll Running tests ookk iisseeqq, iissnnuumm iissnntteeqq, iissnnttnnuumm lliikkee, uunnlliikkee mmaayybbeerreeggeexx ccmmppookk BBAAIILLOOUUTT sskkiipp ttooddoosskkiipp sskkiipprreesstt Test style lleevveell uusseennuummbbeerrss nnoohheeaaddeerr, nnooeennddiinngg Output ddiiaagg pprriinntt oouuttppuutt, ffaaiilluurreeoouuttppuutt, ttooddoooouuttppuutt Test Status and Info ccuurrrreenntttteesstt ssuummmmaarryy ddeettaaiillss ttooddoo ccaalllleerr ssaanniittyycchheecckk wwhhooaa mmyyeexxiitt THREADS EXAMPLES SEE ALSO AUTHORS COPYRIGHT TTeesstt::::HHaarrnneessss - RRuunn PPeerrll ssttaannddaarrdd tteesstt ssccrriippttss wwiitthh ssttaattiissttiiccss VERSION SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION The test script output ''11....MM'', ''ookk'',, ''nnoott ookk''.. OOkk??, tteesstt nnuummbbeerrss, tteesstt nnaammeess, SSkkiipp- ppiinngg tteessttss, TTooddoo tteessttss, BBaaiill oouutt!!, CCoommmmeennttss, AAnnyytthhiinngg eellssee Taint mode Configuration variables. $$TTeesstt::::HHaarrnneessss::::VVeerrbboossee, $$TTeesstt::::HHaarrnneessss::::sswwiittcchheess Failure FFaaiilleedd TTeesstt, SSttaatt, WWssttaatt, TToottaall, FFaaiill, FFaaiilleedd, LLiisstt ooff FFaaiilleedd Functions rruunntteessttss aallllookk gglloobbddiirr rruunnaalllltteessttss mmkklleeaaddeerr lleeaaddeerrwwiiddtthh EXPORT DIAGNOSTICS "All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s", "FAILED tests %s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.", "Test returned status %d (wstat %d)", "Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s", "Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay. %s", "FAILED-Further testing stopped: %s" ENVIRONMENT "HARNESSACTIVE", "HARNESSCOLUMNS", "HARNESSCOMPILETEST", "HAR- NESSDEBUG", "HARNESSFILELEAKINDIR", "HARNESSIGNOREEXITCODE", "HARNESSNOTTY", "HARNESSOKSLOW", "HARNESSPERL", "HAR- NESSPERLSWITCHES", "HARNESSVERBOSE" EXAMPLE SEE ALSO AUTHORS LICENSE TODO BUGS AUTHORS COPYRIGHT TTeesstt::::HHaarrnneessss::::AAsssseerrtt - ssiimmppllee aasssseerrtt SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS "assert()" AUTHOR SEE ALSO TTeesstt::::HHaarrnneessss::::IItteerraattoorr - IInntteerrnnaall TTeesstt::::HHaarrnneessss IItteerraattoorr SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION new() next() TTeesstt::::HHaarrnneessss::::SSttrraappss - ddeettaaiilleedd aannaallyyssiiss ooff tteesstt rreessuullttss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Construction "new" "init" Analysis "analyze" "analyzefh" "analyzefile" "commandline( $file )" "command" "switches" "cleanedswitches" "INC2PERL5LIB" "filteredINC" "restorePERL5LIB" Parsing "iscomment" "isheader" "istest" "isbailout" "resetfilestate" Results "detailize" EXAMPLES AUTHOR SEE ALSO TTeesstt::::MMoorree - yyeett aannootthheerr ffrraammeewwoorrkk ffoorr wwrriittiinngg tteesstt ssccrriippttss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION I love it when a plan comes together Test names I'm ok, you're not ok. ookk iiss, iissnntt lliikkee uunnlliikkee ccmmppookk ccaannookk iissaaookk ppaassss, ffaaiill Diagnostics ddiiaagg Module tests uusseeookk rreeqquuiirreeookk Conditional tests SSKKIIPP:: BBLLOOCCKK TTOODDOO:: BBLLOOCCKK, ttooddoosskkiipp When do I use SKIP vs. TODO? Comparison functions iissddeeeeppllyy eeqqaarrrraayy eeqqhhaasshh eeqqsseett Extending and Embedding Test::More bbuuiillddeerr NOTES BUGS and CAVEATS Making your own ok(), The eq* family has some caveats, Test::Har- ness upgrades HISTORY SEE ALSO AUTHORS COPYRIGHT TTeesstt::::SSiimmppllee - BBaassiicc uuttiilliittiieess ffoorr wwrriittiinngg tteessttss.. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION ookk EXAMPLE CAVEATS NOTES HISTORY SEE ALSO Test::More, Test, Test::Unit, Test::Inline, SelfTest, Test::Harness AUTHORS COPYRIGHT TTeesstt::::TTuuttoorriiaall - AA ttuuttoorriiaall aabboouutt wwrriittiinngg rreeaallllyy bbaassiicc tteessttss DESCRIPTION Nuts and bolts of testing. Where to start? Names Test the manual Sometimes the tests are wrong Testing lots of values Informative names Skipping tests Todo tests Testing with taint mode. FOOTNOTES AUTHORS COPYRIGHT TTeexxtt::::AAbbbbrreevv,, aabbbbrreevv - ccrreeaattee aann aabbbbrreevviiaattiioonn ttaabbllee ffrroomm aa lliisstt SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE TTeexxtt::::BBaallaanncceedd - EExxttrraacctt ddeelliimmiitteedd tteexxtt sseeqquueenncceess ffrroomm ssttrriinnggss.. SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION General behaviour in list contexts [0], [1], [2] General behaviour in scalar and void contexts A note about prefixes "extractdelimited" "extractbracketed" "extractvariable" [0], [1], [2] "extracttagged" "reject => $listref", "ignore => $listref", "fail => $str", [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5] "genextracttagged" "extractquotelike" [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10] "extractquotelike" and "here documents" [0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10] "extractcodeblock" "extractmultiple" "gendelimitedpat" DIAGNOSTICS C, C, C, C operator found after prefix: "%s">, C, C, C, C, C bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C quotelike "%s">, C, C after dereferencer>, C, C, C "%s">, C, C /%s/>, C, C nested tag: %s>, C, C tag> AUTHOR BUGS AND IRRITATIONS COPYRIGHT TTeexxtt::::PPaarrsseeWWoorrddss - ppaarrssee tteexxtt iinnttoo aann aarrrraayy ooff ttookkeennss oorr aarrrraayy ooff aarrrraayyss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES AUTHORS TTeexxtt::::SSoouunnddeexx - IImmpplleemmeennttaattiioonn ooff tthhee SSoouunnddeexx AAllggoorriitthhmm aass DDeessccrriibbeedd bbyy KKnnuutthh SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES LIMITATIONS AUTHOR TTeexxtt::::TTaabbss -- eexxppaanndd aanndd uunneexxppaanndd ttaabbss ppeerr tthhee uunniixx expand((11)) aanndd unex- pand((11)) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS AUTHOR TTeexxtt::::WWrraapp - lliinnee wwrraappppiinngg ttoo ffoorrmm ssiimmppllee ppaarraaggrraapphhss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OVERRIDES EXAMPLE AUTHOR TThhrreeaadd - mmaanniippuullaattee tthhrreeaaddss iinn PPeerrll ((ffoorr oolldd ccooddee oonnllyy)) CAVEAT SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS $thread = Thread->new(\&startsub), $thread = Thread->new(\&startsub, LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, condwait VARIABLE, condsignal VARIABLE, condbroad- cast VARIABLE, yield METHODS join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done LIMITATIONS SEE ALSO TThhrreeaadd::::QQuueeuuee - tthhrreeaadd-ssaaffee qquueeuueess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS AND METHODS new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeuenb, pending SEE ALSO TThhrreeaadd::::SSeemmaapphhoorree - tthhrreeaadd-ssaaffee sseemmaapphhoorreess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION FUNCTIONS AND METHODS new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER TThhrreeaadd::::SSiiggnnaall - SSttaarrtt aa tthhrreeaadd wwhhiicchh rruunnss ssiiggnnaall hhaannddlleerrss rreelliiaabbllyy ((ffoorr oolldd ccooddee)) CAVEAT SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION BUGS TThhrreeaadd::::SSppeecciiffiicc - tthhrreeaadd-ssppeecciiffiicc kkeeyyss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TTiiee::::AArrrraayy - bbaassee ccllaassss ffoorr ttiieedd aarrrraayyss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index, FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST CAVEATS AUTHOR TTiiee::::FFiillee - AAcccceessss tthhee lliinneess ooff aa ddiisskk ffiillee vviiaa aa PPeerrll aarrrraayy SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION "recsep" "autochomp" "mode" "memory" "dwsize" Option Format Public Methods "flock" "autochomp" "defer", "flush", "discard", and "autodefer" "offset" Tying to an already-opened filehandle Deferred Writing Autodeferring CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES CAVEATS SUBCLASSING WHAT ABOUT "DBFile"? AUTHOR LICENSE WARRANTY THANKS TODO TTiiee::::HHaannddllee,, TTiiee::::SSttddHHaannddllee - bbaassee ccllaassss ddeeffiinniittiioonnss ffoorr ttiieedd hhaannddlleess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this, EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this MORE INFORMATION COMPATIBILITY TTiiee::::HHaasshh,, TTiiee::::SSttddHHaasshh,, TTiiee::::EExxttrraaHHaasshh - bbaassee ccllaassss ddeeffiinniittiioonnss ffoorr ttiieedd hhaasshheess SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, SCALAR this Inheriting from TTiiee::::SSttddHHaasshh Inheriting from TTiiee::::EExxttrraaHHaasshh "SCALAR", "UNTIE" and "DESTROY" MORE INFORMATION TTiiee::::MMeemmooiizzee - aadddd ddaattaa ttoo hhaasshh wwhheenn nneeeeddeedd SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Inheriting from TTiiee::::MMeemmooiizzee EXAMPLE BUGS AUTHOR TTiiee::::RReeffHHaasshh - uussee rreeffeerreenncceess aass hhaasshh kkeeyyss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE AUTHOR VERSION SEE ALSO TTiiee::::SSccaallaarr,, TTiiee::::SSttddSSccaallaarr - bbaassee ccllaassss ddeeffiinniittiioonnss ffoorr ttiieedd ssccaallaarrss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this MORE INFORMATION TTiiee::::SSuubbssttrrHHaasshh - FFiixxeedd-ttaabbllee-ssiizzee,, ffiixxeedd-kkeeyy-lleennggtthh hhaasshhiinngg SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION CAVEATS TTiimmee::::HHiiRReess - HHiigghh rreessoolluuttiioonn aallaarrmm,, sslleeeepp,, ggeettttiimmeeooffddaayy,, iinntteerrvvaall ttiimmeerrss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [, $intervaluseconds ] ), tvinterval, time (), sleep ( $float- ingseconds ), alarm ( $floatingseconds [, $intervalfloatingsec- onds ] ), setitimer ( $which, $floatingseconds [, $intervalfloat- ingseconds ] ), getitimer ( $which ) EXAMPLES C API DIAGNOSTICS negative time not invented yet internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...) CAVEATS AUTHORS COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE TTiimmee::::LLooccaall - eeffffiicciieennttllyy ccoommppuuttee ttiimmee ffrroomm llooccaall aanndd GGMMTT ttiimmee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Ambiguous Local Times (DST) Non-Existent Local Times (DST) Negative Epoch Values IMPLEMENTATION BUGS SUPPORT AUTHOR TTiimmee::::ggmmttiimmee - bbyy-nnaammee iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo PPeerrll''ss bbuuiilltt-iinn gmtime() ffuunnccttiioonn SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE AUTHOR TTiimmee::::llooccaallttiimmee - bbyy-nnaammee iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo PPeerrll''ss bbuuiilltt-iinn localtime() ffuunnccttiioonn SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE AUTHOR TTiimmee::::ttmm - iinntteerrnnaall oobbjjeecctt uusseedd bbyy TTiimmee::::ggmmttiimmee aanndd TTiimmee::::llooccaallttiimmee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION AUTHOR UUNNIIVVEERRSSAALL - bbaassee ccllaassss ffoorr AALLLL ccllaasssseess ((bblleesssseedd rreeffeerreenncceess)) SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION "$obj->isa( TYPE )", "CLASS->isa( TYPE )", "isa( VAL, TYPE )", "TYPE", $obj, "CLASS", "VAL", "$obj->can( METHOD )", "CLASS->can( METHOD )", "can( VAL, METHOD )", "VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )" EXPORTS UUnniiccooddee::::CCoollllaattee - UUnniiccooddee CCoollllaattiioonn AAllggoorriitthhmm SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Constructor and Tailoring UCAVersion, backwards, entry, hangulterminator, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization, overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName, undefChar, katakanabeforehiragana, upperbeforelower, variable, alter- nate Methods for Collation "@sorted = $Collator->sort(@notsorted)", "$result = $Colla- tor->cmp($a, $b)", "$result = $Collator->eq($a, $b)", "$result = $Collator->ne($a, $b)", "$result = $Collator->lt($a, $b)", "$result = $Collator->le($a, $b)", "$result = $Collator->gt($a, $b)", "$result = $Collator->ge($a, $b)", "$sortKey = $Colla- tor->getSortKey($string)", "$sortKeyForm = $Collator->view- SortKey($string)" Methods for Searching "$position = $Collator->index($string, $substring[, $posi- tion])", "($position, $length) = $Collator->index($string, $substring[, $position])", "$matchref = $Colla- tor->match($string, $substring)", "($match) = $Colla- tor->match($string, $substring)", "@match = $Colla- tor->gmatch($string, $substring)", "$count = $Colla- tor->subst($string, $substring, $replacement)", "$count = $Col- lator->gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)" Other Methods "%oldtailoring = $Collator->change(%newtailoring)", "$version = $Collator->version()", "UCAVersion()", "BaseUnicodeVer- sion()" EXPORT CAVEAT Conformance Test AUTHOR SEE ALSO Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10, The Default Unicode Colla- tion Element Table (DUCET), The conformance test for the UCA, Hangul Syllable Type, Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15, Uni- code::Normalize UUnniiccooddee::::NNoorrmmaalliizzee - UUnniiccooddee NNoorrmmaalliizzaattiioonn FFoorrmmss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Normalization Forms "$NFDstring = NFD($string)", "$NFCstring = NFC($string)", "$NFKDstring = NFKD($string)", "$NFKCstring = NFKC($string)", "$FCDstring = FCD($string)", "$FCCstring = FCC($string)", "$normalizedstring = normalize($formname, $string)" Decomposition and Composition "$decomposedstring = decompose($string)", "$decomposedstring = decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)", "$reorderedstring = reorder($string)", "$composedstring = compose($string)" Quick Check "$result = checkNFD($string)", "$result = checkNFC($string)", "$result = checkNFKD($string)", "$result = checkNFKC($string)", "$result = checkFCD($string)", "$result = checkFCC($string)", "$result = check($formname, $string)" Character Data "$canonicaldecomposed = getCanon($codepoint)", "$compatibil- itydecomposed = getCompat($codepoint)", "$codepointcomposite = getComposite($codepointhere, $codepointnext)", "$combin- ingclass = getCombinClass($codepoint)", "$isexclusion = isEx- clusion($codepoint)", "$issingleton = isSingleton($code- point)", "$isnonstarterdecomposition = isNonStDecomp($code- point)", "$maybecomposedwithprevchar = isComp2nd($code- point)" EXPORT AUTHOR SEE ALSO http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/, http://www.unicode.org/Pub- lic/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt, http://www.uni- code.org/notes/tn5/ UUnniiccooddee::::UUCCDD - UUnniiccooddee cchhaarraacctteerr ddaattaabbaassee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION charinfo charblock charscript charblocks charscripts Blocks versus Scripts Matching Scripts and Blocks Code Point Arguments charinrange compexcl casefold casespec Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion Implementation Note BUGS AUTHOR UUsseerr::::ggrreenntt - bbyy-nnaammee iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo PPeerrll''ss bbuuiilltt-iinn ggeettggrr**(()) ffuunnccttiioonnss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION NOTE AUTHOR UUsseerr::::ppwweenntt - bbyy-nnaammee iinntteerrffaaccee ttoo PPeerrll''ss bbuuiilltt-iinn ggeettppww**(()) ffuunnccttiioonnss SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION System Specifics NOTE AUTHOR HISTORY March 18th, 2000 XXSSLLooaaddeerr - DDyynnaammiiccaallllyy llooaadd CC lliibbrraarriieess iinnttoo PPeerrll ccooddee SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION Migration from "DynaLoader" Backward compatible boilerplate Order of initialization: early load() The most hairy case LIMITATIONS AUTHOR AAUUXXIILLIIAARRYY DDOOCCUUMMEENNTTAATTIIOONN Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they don't all have manual pages yet: a2p c2ph dprofpp h2ph h2xs perlbug perldoc pl2pm pod2html pod2man s2p splain xsubpp AUTHOR Larry Wall , with the help of oodles of other folks. perl v5.8.6 2004-11-05 PERLTOC(1)