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SENDMAIL(1) SENDMAIL(1)

NAME

sendmail - Postfix to Sendmail compatibility interface

SYNOPSIS

sseennddmmaaiill [option ...] [recipient ...] mmaaiillqq

sseennddmmaaiill -bbpp

nneewwaalliiaasseess

sseennddmmaaiill -II

DESCRIPTION

The Postfix sseennddmmaaiill command implements the Postfix to Sendmail compat-

ibility interface. For the sake of compatibility with existing appli-

cations, some Sendmail command-line options are recognized but silently

ignored. By default, Postfix sseennddmmaaiill reads a message from standard input until EOF or until it reads a line with only a .. character, and arranges for delivery. Postfix sseennddmmaaiill relies on the ppoossttddrroopp(1) command to create a queue file in the mmaaiillddrroopp directory.

Specific command aliases are provided for other common modes of opera-

tion: mmaaiillqq List the mail queue. Each entry shows the queue file ID, message size, arrival time, sender, and the recipients that still need to be delivered. If mail could not be delivered upon the last attempt, the reason for failure is shown. This mode of operation is implemented by executing the ppoossttqquueeuuee(1) command. nneewwaalliiaasseess Initialize the alias database. If no input file is specified

(with the -ooAA option, see below), the program processes the

file(s) specified with the aalliiaassddaattaabbaassee configuration parame-

ter. If no alias database type is specified, the program uses the type specified with the ddeeffaauullttddaattaabbaasseettyyppee configuration parameter. This mode of operation is implemented by running the ppoossttaalliiaass(1) command. Note: it may take a minute or so before an alias database update becomes visible. Use the ppoossttffiixx rreellooaadd command to eliminate this delay. These and other features can be selected by specifying the appropriate

combination of command-line options. Some features are controlled by

parameters in the mmaaiinn..ccff configuration file. The following options are recognized:

-AAmm (ignored)

-AAcc (ignored)

Postfix sendmail uses the same configuration file regardless of whether or not a message is an initial submission.

-BB bodytype

The message body MIME type: 77BBIITT or 88BBIITTMMIIMMEE.

-bbdd Go into daemon mode. This mode of operation is implemented by

executing the ppoossttffiixx ssttaarrtt command.

-bbhh (ignored)

-bbHH (ignored)

Postfix has no persistent host status database.

-bbii Initialize alias database. See the nneewwaalliiaasseess command above.

-bbmm Read mail from standard input and arrange for delivery. This is

the default mode of operation.

-bbpp List the mail queue. See the mmaaiillqq command above.

-bbss Stand-alone SMTP server mode. Read SMTP commands from standard

input, and write responses to standard output. In stand-alone

SMTP server mode, mail relaying and other access controls are disabled by default. To enable them, run the process as the mmaaiilloowwnneerr user. This mode of operation is implemented by running the ssmmttppdd(8) daemon.

-bbvv Do not collect or deliver a message. Instead, send an email

report after verifying each recipient address. This is useful for testing address rewriting and routing configurations. This feature is available in Postfix version 2.1 and later.

-CC configfile (ignored)

The path name of the sseennddmmaaiill..ccff file. Postfix configuration files are kept in the //eettcc//ppoossttffiixx directory.

-FF fullname

Set the sender full name. This is used only with messages that have no FFrroomm:: message header.

-ff sender

Set the envelope sender address. This is the address where delivery problems are sent to, unless the message contains an

EErrrroorrss-TToo:: message header.

-GG (ignored)

Gateway (relay) submission, as opposed to initial user submis-

sion.

-hh hopcount (ignored)

Hop count limit. Use the hhooppccoouunnttlliimmiitt configuration parameter instead.

-II Initialize alias database. See the nneewwaalliiaasseess command above.

-ii When reading a message from standard input, don't treat a line

with only a .. character as the end of input.

-LL label (ignored)

The logging label. Use the ssyyssllooggnnaammee configuration parameter instead.

-mm (ignored)

Backwards compatibility.

-NN dsn (ignored)

Delivery status notification control. Currently, Postfix does not implement DDSSNN.

-nn (ignored)

Backwards compatibility.

-ooAAaliasdatabase

Non-default alias database. Specify pathname or type:pathname.

See ppoossttaalliiaass(1) for details.

-oo77 (ignored)

-oo88 (ignored)

To send 8-bit or binary content, use an appropriate MIME encap-

sulation and specify the appropriate -BB command-line option.

-ooii When reading a message from standard input, don't treat a line

with only a .. character as the end of input.

-oomm (ignored)

The sender is never eliminated from alias etc. expansions.

-oo x value (ignored)

Set option x to value. Use the equivalent configuration parame-

ter in mmaaiinn..ccff instead.

-rr sender

Set the envelope sender address. This is the address where delivery problems are sent to, unless the message contains an

EErrrroorrss-TToo:: message header.

-RR returnlimit (ignored)

Limit the size of bounced mail. Use the bboouunncceessiizzeelliimmiitt con-

figuration parameter instead.

-qq Attempt to deliver all queued mail. This is implemented by exe-

cuting the ppoossttqquueeuuee(1) command. Warning: flushing undeliverable mail frequently will result in poor delivery performance of all other mail.

-qqinterval (ignored)

The interval between queue runs. Use the qquueeuueerruunnddeellaayy config-

uration parameter instead.

-qqRRsite

Schedule immediate delivery of all mail that is queued for the

named site. This option accepts only site names that are eligi-

ble for the "fast flush" service, and is implemented by execut-

ing the ppoossttqquueeuuee(1) command. See fflluusshh(8) for more information about the "fast flush" service.

-qqSSsite

This command is not implemented. Use the slower sseennddmmaaiill -qq com-

mand instead.

-tt Extract recipients from message headers. These are added to any

recipients specified on the command line. With Postfix versions prior to 2.1, this option requires that no recipient addresses are specified on the command line.

-UU (ignored)

Initial user submission.

-VV Variable Envelope Return Path. Given an envelope sender address

of the form owner-listname@origin, each recipient user@domain

receives mail with a personalized envelope sender address.

By default, the personalized envelope sender address is owner-

listname++user==domain@origin. The default ++ and == characters are configurable with the ddeeffaauullttvveerrppddeelliimmiitteerrss configuration parameter. This feature is available in Postfix version 1.1 and later.

-VVxy As -VV, but uses x and y as the VERP delimiter characters,

instead of the characters specified with the ddeeffaauullttvveerrppddeelliimm-

iitteerrss configuration parameter.

-vv Send an email report of the first delivery attempt (Postfix ver-

sions 2.1 and later). Mail delivery always happens in the back-

ground. When multiple -vv options are given, enable verbose log-

ging for debugging purposes.

-XX logfile (ignored)

Log mailer traffic. Use the ddeebbuuggppeeeerrlliisstt and ddeebbuuggppeeeerrlleevveell configuration parameters instead. SSEECCUURRIITTYY

By design, this program is not set-user (or group) id. However, it must

handle data from untrusted users or untrusted machines. Thus, the usual precautions need to be taken against malicious inputs. DIAGNOSTICS Problems are logged to ssyyssllooggdd(8) and to the standard error stream. ENVIRONMENT MMAAIILLCCOONNFFIIGG Directory with Postfix configuration files. MMAAIILLVVEERRBBOOSSEE Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. MMAAIILLDDEEBBUUGG Enable debugging with an external command, as specified with the ddeebbuuggggeerrccoommmmaanndd configuration parameter. CCOONNFFIIGGUURRAATTIIOONN PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS

The following mmaaiinn..ccff parameters are especially relevant to this pro-

gram. The text below provides only a parameter summary. See post-

conf(5) for more details including examples. TTRROOUUBBLLEE SSHHOOOOTTIINNGG CCOONNTTRROOLLSS The DEBUGREADME file gives examples of how to trouble shoot a Postfix system. ddeebbuuggggeerrccoommmmaanndd ((eemmppttyy)) The external command to execute when a Postfix daemon program is

invoked with the -D option.

ddeebbuuggppeeeerrlleevveell ((22)) The increment in verbose logging level when a remote client or server matches a pattern in the debugpeerlist parameter. ddeebbuuggppeeeerrlliisstt ((eemmppttyy)) Optional list of remote client or server hostname or network address patterns that cause the verbose logging level to

increase by the amount specified in $debugpeerlevel.

RREESSOOUURRCCEE AANNDD RRAATTEE CCOONNTTRROOLLSS bboouunncceessiizzeelliimmiitt ((5500000000)) The maximal amount of original message text that is sent in a

non-delivery notification.

ffoorrkkaatttteemmppttss ((55)) The maximal number of attempts to fork() a child process. ffoorrkkddeellaayy ((11ss)) The delay between attempts to fork() a child process. hhooppccoouunnttlliimmiitt ((5500)) The maximal number of Received: message headers that is allowed in the primary message headers. qquueeuueerruunnddeellaayy ((11000000ss)) The time between deferred queue scans by the queue manager. FFAASSTT FFLLUUSSHH CCOONNTTRROOLLSS The ETRNREADME file describes configuration and operation details for the Postfix "fast flush" service.

ffaassttfflluusshhddoommaaiinnss (($$rreellaayyddoommaaiinnss))

Optional list of destinations that are eligible for per-destina-

tion logfiles with mail that is queued to those destinations. VVEERRPP CCOONNTTRROOLLSS The VERPREADME file describes configuration and operation details of Postfix support for variable envelope return path addresses. ddeeffaauullttvveerrppddeelliimmiitteerrss ((++==)) The two default VERP delimiter characters.

vveerrppddeelliimmiitteerrffiilltteerr ((-==++))

The characters Postfix accepts as VERP delimiter characters on the Postfix sendmail(1) command line and in SMTP commands. MMIISSCCEELLLLAANNEEOOUUSS CCOONNTTRROOLLSS

aalliiaassddaattaabbaassee ((sseeee ''ppoossttccoonnff -dd'' oouuttppuutt))

The alias databases for local(8) delivery that are updated with

"nneewwaalliiaasseess" or with "sseennddmmaaiill -bbii".

ccoommmmaannddddiirreeccttoorryy ((sseeee ''ppoossttccoonnff -dd'' oouuttppuutt))

The location of all postfix administrative commands.

ccoonnffiiggddiirreeccttoorryy ((sseeee ''ppoossttccoonnff -dd'' oouuttppuutt))

The default location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf con-

figuration files.

ddaaeemmoonnddiirreeccttoorryy ((sseeee ''ppoossttccoonnff -dd'' oouuttppuutt))

The directory with Postfix support programs and daemon programs.

ddeeffaauullttddaattaabbaasseettyyppee ((sseeee ''ppoossttccoonnff -dd'' oouuttppuutt))

The default database type for use in newaliases(1), postalias(1) and postmap(1) commands. ddeellaayywwaarrnniinnggttiimmee ((00hh)) The time after which the sender receives the message headers of mail that is still queued. mmaaiilloowwnneerr ((ppoossttffiixx)) The UNIX system account that owns the Postfix queue and most Postfix daemon processes.

qquueeuueeddiirreeccttoorryy ((sseeee ''ppoossttccoonnff -dd'' oouuttppuutt))

The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.

ssyyssllooggffaacciilliittyy ((mmaaiill)) The syslog facility of Postfix logging. ssyyssllooggnnaammee ((ppoossttffiixx)) The mail system name that is prepended to the process name in

syslog records, so that "smtpd" becomes, for example, "post-

fix/smtpd". ttrriiggggeerrttiimmeeoouutt ((1100ss)) The time limit for sending a trigger to a Postfix daemon (for example, the pickup(8) or qmgr(8) daemon). FILES /var/spool/postfix, mail queue /etc/postfix, configuration files