NAME
jjooiinn - relational database operator
SYNOPSIS
jjooiinn [-aa filenumber | -vv filenumber] [-ee string] [-oo list] [-tt char]
[-11 field] [-22 field] file1 file2
DESCRIPTION
The jjooiinn utility performs an ``equality join'' on the specified files and
writes the result to the standard output. The ``join field'' is the
field in each file by which the files are compared. The first field in each line is used by default. There is one line in the output for eachpair of lines in file1 and file2 which have identical join fields. Each
output line consists of the join field, the remaining fields from file1
and then the remaining fields from file2. The default field separators are tab and space characters. In this case, multiple tabs and spaces count as a single field separator, and leading tabs and spaces are ignored. The default output field separator is a single space character. Many of the options use file and field numbers. Both file numbers and field numbers are 1 based, i.e., the first file on the command line is file number 1 and the first field is field number 1. The following options are available:-aa filenumber
In addition to the default output, produce a line for each unpairable line in file filenumber.-ee string
Replace empty output fields with string.-oo list
The -oo option specifies the fields that will be output from each
file for each line with matching join fields. Each element of
list has the either the form `filenumber.field', where filenumber is a file number and field is a field number, or theform `0' (zero), representing the join field. The elements of
list must be either comma (`,') or whitespace separated. (Thelatter requires quoting to protect it from the shell, or, a sim-
pler approach is to use multiple -oo options.)
-tt char
Use character char as a field delimiter for both input and out-
put. Every occurrence of char in a line is significant.-vv filenumber
Do not display the default output, but display a line for eachunpairable line in file filenumber. The options -vv 1 and -vv 2
may be specified at the same time.-11 field
Join on the field'th field of file 1.-22 field
Join on the field'th field of file 2. When the default field delimiter characters are used, the files to bejoined should be ordered in the collating sequence of sort(1), using the
-bb option, on the fields on which they are to be joined, otherwise jjooiinn
may not report all field matches. When the field delimiter charactersare specified by the -tt option, the collating sequence should be the same
as sort(1) without the -bb option.
If one of the arguments file1 or file2 is ``-'', the standard input is
used. DIAGNOSTICS The jjooiinn utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs. CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY For compatibility with historic versions of jjooiinn, the following options are available:-aa In addition to the default output, produce a line for each
unpairable line in both file 1 and file 2.-jj11 field
Join on the field'th field of file 1.-jj22 field
Join on the field'th field of file 2.-jj field
Join on the field'th field of both file 1 and file 2.-oo list ...
Historical implementations of jjooiinn permitted multiple argumentsto the -oo option. These arguments were of the form
`filenumber.fieldnumber' as described for the current -oo
option. This has obvious difficulties in the presence of files named `1.2'. These options are available only so historic shellscripts don't require modification and should not be used. STANDARDSThe jjooiinn command conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (``POSIX.1'').
SEE ALSO
awk(1), comm(1), paste(1), sort(1), uniq(1) BSD July 5, 2004 BSD