NAME
groffchar - groff glyph names
DESCRIPTION
This manual page lists the standard ggrrooffff glyph names and the default
input mapping, latin-1. The glyphs in this document will look differ-
ent depending on which output device was chosen (with option -TT for the
mmaann(1) program or the roff formatter). Glyphs not available for the
device that is being used to print or view this manual page will be
marked with `(N/A)'; the device currently used is `ascii'.
In the actual version, ggrrooffff provides only 8-bit characters for direct
input and named entities for further glyphs. On ASCII platforms, input
character codes in the range 0 to 127 (decimal) represent the usual
7-bit ASCII characters, while codes between 127 and 255 are interpreted
as the corresponding characters in the Latin-1 (ISO-8859-1) code set by
default. This mapping is contained in the file latin1.tmac and can be
changed by loading a different input encoding. Note that some of the
input characters are reserved by ggrrooffff, either for internal use or for
special input purposes. On EBCDIC platforms, only code page ccpp11004477 is
supported (which contains the same characters as Latin-1; the input
encoding file is called cp1047.tmac). Again, some input characters are
reserved for internal and special purposes. It is rather straightfor-
ward (for the experienced user) to set up other 8-bit encodings like
Latin-2; since ggrrooffff will use Unicode in the next major version, no
additional encodings are provided.
All roff systems provide the concept of named glyphs. In traditional
roff systems, only names of length 2 were used, while groff also pro-
vides support for longer names. It is strongly suggested that only
named glyphs are used for all character representations outside of the
printable 7-bit ASCII range.
Some of the predefined groff escape sequences (with names of length 1)
also produce single characters; these exist for historical reasons or
are printable versions of syntactical characters. They include `\\',
`\'', `\`', `\-', `\.', and `\e'; see ggrrooffff(7).
In groff, all of these different types of characters and glyphs can be
tested positively with the `.if c' conditional.
RREEFFEERREENNCCEE
In this section, the glyphs in groff are specified in tabular form.
The meaning of the columns is as follows.
Output shows how the glyph is printed for the current device; although
this can have quite a different shape on other devices, it
always represents the same glyph.
Input name
specifies how the glyph is input either directly by a key on the
keyboard, or by a groff escape sequence.
Input code
applies to glyphs which can be input with a single character,
and gives the ISO Latin-1 decimal code of that input character.
Note that this code is equivalent to the lowest 256 Unicode
characters, including 7-bit ASCII in the range 0 to 127.
PostScript name
gives the usual PostScript name of the glyph.
Unicode decomposed
is the glyph name used in composite glyph names.
77-bbiitt CChhaarraacctteerr CCooddeess 3322-112266
These are the basic glyphs having 7-bit ASCII code values assigned.
They are identical to the printable characters of the character stan-
dards ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1) and Unicode (range C0 Controls and Basic
Latin). The glyph names used in composite glyph names are `u0020' up
to `u007E'.
Note that input characters in the range 0-31 and character 127 are not
printable characters. Most of them are invalid input characters for
ggrrooffff anyway, and the valid ones have special meaning. For EBCDIC, the
printable characters are in the range 66-255.
48-57 Decimal digits 0 to 9 (print as themselves).
65-90 Upper case letters A-Z (print as themselves).
97-122 Lower case letters a-z (print as themselves).
Most of the remaining characters not in the just described ranges print
as themselves; the only exceptions are the following characters:
`` the ISO Latin-1 `Grave Accent' (code 96) prints as `, a left
single quotation mark; the original character can be obtained
with `\`'.
'' the ISO Latin-1 `Apostrophe' (code 39) prints as ', a right sin-
gle quotation mark; the original character can be obtained with
`\(aq'.
- the ISO Latin-1 `Hyphen, Minus Sign' (code 45) prints as a
hyphen; a minus sign can be obtained with `\-'.
~~ the ISO Latin-1 `Tilde' (code 126) is reduced in size to be
usable as a diacritic; a larger glyph can be obtained with
`\(ti'.
^^ the ISO Latin-1 `Circumflex Accent' (code 94) is reduced in size
to be usable as a diacritic; a larger glyph can be obtained with
`\(ha'.
Output Input Input PostScript Unicode Notes
name code name decomposed
! ! 33 exclam u0021
" " 34 quotedbl u0022
# # 35 numbersign u0023
$ $ 36 dollar u0024
% % 37 percent u0025
& & 38 ampersand u0026
' ' 39 quoteright u0027
( ( 40 parenleft u0028
) ) 41 parenright u0029
* * 42 asterisk u002A
+ + 43 plus u002B
, , 44 comma u002C
- - 45 hyphen u2010
. . 46 period u002E
/ / 47 slash u002F
: : 58 colon u003A
; ; 59 semicolon u003B
< < 60 less u003C
= = 61 equal u003D
> > 62 greater u003E
? ? 63 question u003F
@ @ 64 at u0040
[ [ 91 bracketleft u005B
\ \ 92 backslash u005C
] ] 93 bracketright u005D
^ ^ 94 circumflex u005E circumflex accent
95 underscore u005F
` ` 96 quoteleft u0060
{ { 123 braceleft u007B
| | 124 bar u007C
} } 125 braceright u007D
~ ~ 126 tilde u007E tilde accent
88-bbiitt CChhaarraacctteerr CCooddeess 116600 ttoo 225555
They are interpreted as printable characters according to the Latin-1
(iso-8859-1) code set, being identical to the Unicode range C1 Controls
and Latin-1 Supplement.
Input characters in range 128-159 (on non-EBCDIC hosts) are not print-
able characters.
160 the ISO Latin-1 no-break space is mapped to `\~', the stretch-
able space character.
173 the soft hyphen control character. ggrrooffff never uses this char-
acter for output (thus it is omitted in the table below); the
input character 173 is mapped onto `\%'.
The remaining ranges (161-172, 174-255) are printable characters that
print as themselves. Although they can be specified directly with the
keyboard on systems with a Latin-1 code page, it is better to use their
glyph names; see next section.
Output Input Input PostScript Unicode Notes
name code name decomposed
,i ,i 161 exclamdown u00A1 inverted exclamation
mark
/c /c 162 cent u00A2
-L -L 163 sterling u00A3
ox ox 164 currency u00A4
=Y =Y 165 yen u00A5
| | 166 brokenbar u00A6
S S 167 section u00A7
" " 168 dieresis u00A8
(C) (C) 169 copyright u00A9
a a 170 ordfeminine u00AA
<< << 171 guillemotleft u00AB
~ ~ 172 logicalnot u00AC
(R) (R) 174 registered u00AE
175 macron u00AF
o o 176 degree u00B0
+- +- 177 plusminus u00B1
2 2 178 twosuperior u00B2
3 3 179 threesuperior u00B3
' ' 180 acute u00B4 acute accent
,u ,u 181 mu u00B5 micro sign
9| 9| 182 paragraph u00B6
. . 183 periodcentered u00B7
, , 184 cedilla u00B8
1 1 185 onesuperior u00B9
o o 186 ordmasculine u00BA
>> >> 187 guillemotright u00BB
1/4 1/4 188 onequarter u00BC
1/2 1/2 189 onehalf u00BD
3/4 3/4 190 threequarters u00BE
'c 'c 191 questiondown u00BF
`A `A 192 Agrave u00410300
'A 'A 193 Aacute u00410301
^A ^A 194 Acircumflex u00410302
~A ~A 195 Atilde u00410303
"A "A 196 Adieresis u00410308
oA oA 197 Aring u0041030A
AE AE 198 AE u00C6
,C ,C 199 Ccedilla u00430327
`E `E 200 Egrave u00450300
'E 'E 201 Eacute u00450301
^E ^E 202 Ecircumflex u00450302
"E "E 203 Edieresis u00450308
`I `I 204 Igrave u00490300
'I 'I 205 Iacute u00490301
^I ^I 206 Icircumflex u00490302
"I "I 207 Idieresis u00490308
-D -D 208 Eth u00D0
~N ~N 209 Ntilde u004E0303
`O `O 210 Ograve u004F0300
'O 'O 211 Oacute u004F0301
^O ^O 212 Ocircumflex u004F0302
~O ~O 213 Otilde u004F0303
"O "O 214 Odieresis u004F0308
x x 215 multiply u00D7
/O /O 216 Oslash u00D8
`U `U 217 Ugrave u00550300
'U 'U 218 Uacute u00550301
^U ^U 219 Ucircumflex u00550302
"U "U 220 Udieresis u00550308
'Y 'Y 221 Yacute u00590301
Ib Ib 222 Thorn u00DE
B B 223 germandbls u00DF
`a `a 224 agrave u00610300
'a 'a 225 aacute u00610301
^a ^a 226 acircumflex u00610302
~a ~a 227 atilde u00610303
"a "a 228 adieresis u00610308
oa oa 229 aring u0061030A
ae ae 230 ae u00E6
,c ,c 231 ccedilla u00630327
`e `e 232 egrave u00650300
'e 'e 233 eacute u00650301
^e ^e 234 ecircumflex u00650302
"e "e 235 edieresis u00650308
`i `i 236 igrave u00690300
'i 'i 237 iacute u00690301
^i ^i 238 icircumflex u00690302
"i "i 239 idieresis u00690308
`'o `'o 240 eth u00F0
~n ~n 241 ntilde u006E0303
`o `o 242 ograve u006F0300
'o 'o 243 oacute u006F0301
^o ^o 244 ocircumflex u006F0302
~o ~o 245 otilde u006F0303
"o "o 246 odieresis u006F0308
-:- -:- 247 divide u00F7
/o /o 248 oslash u00F8
`u `u 249 ugrave u00750300
'u 'u 250 uacute u00750301
^u ^u 251 ucircumflex u00750302
"u "u 252 udieresis u00750308
'y 'y 253 yacute u00790301
pb pb 254 thorn u00FE
"y "y 255 ydieresis u00790308
NNaammeedd GGllyypphhss
Glyph names can be embedded into the document text by using escape
sequences. ggrrooffff(7) describes how these escape sequences look. Glyph
names can consist of quite arbitrary characters from the ASCII or
Latin-1 code set, not only alphanumeric characters. Here some exam-
ples:
\c A glyph having the name c, which consists of a single character
(length 1).
\(ch A glyph having the 2-character name ch.
\[charname]
A glyph having the name charname (having length 1, 2, 3, ...).
\[baseglyph composite1 composite2 ...]
A composite glyph; see below for a more detailed description.
In groff, each 8-bit input character can also referred to by the con-
struct `\[charn]' where n is the decimal code of the character, a num-
ber between 0 and 255 without leading zeros (those entities are not
glyph names). They are normally mapped onto glyphs using the .trin
request. Another special convention is the handling of glyphs with
names directly derived from a Unicode code point; this is discussed
below. Moreover, new glyph names can be created by the .char request;
see ggrrooffff(7).
In the following, a plus sign in the `Notes' column indicates that this
particular glyph name appears in the PS version of the original troff
documentation, CSTR 54.
Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
name name decomposed
-D \[-D] Eth u00D0 uppercase eth
`'o \[Sd] eth u00F0 lowercase eth
Ib \[TP] Thorn u00DE uppercase thorn
pb \[Tp] thorn u00FE lowercase thorn
B \[ss] germandbls u00DF German sharp s
Ligatures and Other Latin Glyphs
ff \[ff] ff u00660066 ff ligature +
fi \[fi] fi u00660069 fi ligature +
fl \[fl] fl u0066006C fl ligature +
ffi \[Fi] ffi u006600660069 ffi ligature +
ffl \[Fl] ffl u00660066006C ffl ligature +
/L \[/L] Lslash u0141 (Polish)
/l \[/l] lslash u0142 (Polish)
/O \[/O] Oslash u00D8 (Scandinavic)
/o \[/o] oslash u00F8 (Scandinavic)
AE \[AE] AE u00C6
ae \[ae] ae u00E6
OE \[OE] OE u0152
oe \[oe] oe u0153
IJ \[IJ] IJ u0132 (Dutch)
ij \[ij] ij u0133 (Dutch)
i \[.i] dotlessi u0131 (Turkish)
(N/A) \[.j] dotlessj -- j without a dot
Accented Characters
'A \['A] Aacute u00410301
(N/A) \['C] Cacute u00430301
'E \['E] Eacute u00450301
'I \['I] Iacute u00490301
'O \['O] Oacute u004F0301
'U \['U] Uacute u00550301
'Y \['Y] Yacute u00590301
'a \['a] aacute u00610301
(N/A) \['c] cacute u00630301
'e \['e] eacute u00650301
'i \['i] iacute u00690301
'o \['o] oacute u006F0301
'u \['u] uacute u00750301
'y \['y] yacute u00790301
"A \[:A] Adieresis u00410308 A with umlaut
"E \[:E] Edieresis u00450308
"I \[:I] Idieresis u00490308
"O \[:O] Odieresis u004F0308
"U \[:U] Udieresis u00550308
(N/A) \[:Y] Ydieresis u00590308
"a \[:a] adieresis u00610308
"e \[:e] edieresis u00650308
"i \[:i] idieresis u00690308
"o \[:o] odieresis u006F0308
"u \[:u] udieresis u00750308
"y \[:y] ydieresis u00790308
^A \[^A] Acircumflex u00410302
^E \[^E] Ecircumflex u00450302
^I \[^I] Icircumflex u00490302
^O \[^O] Ocircumflex u004F0302
^U \[^U] Ucircumflex u00550302
^a \[^a] acircumflex u00610302
^e \[^e] ecircumflex u00650302
^i \[^i] icircumflex u00690302
^o \[^o] ocircumflex u006F0302
^u \[^u] ucircumflex u00750302
`A \[`A] Agrave u00410300
`E \[`E] Egrave u00450300
`I \[`I] Igrave u00490300
`O \[`O] Ograve u004F0300
`U \[`U] Ugrave u00550300
`a \[`a] agrave u00610300
`e \[`e] egrave u00650300
`i \[`i] igrave u00690300
`o \[`o] ograve u006F0300
`u \[`u] ugrave u00750300
~A \[~A] Atilde u00410303
~N \[~N] Ntilde u004E0303
~O \[~O] Otilde u004F0303
~a \[~a] atilde u00610303
~n \[~n] ntilde u006E0303
~o \[~o] otilde u006F0303
(N/A) \[vS] Scaron u0053030C
(N/A) \[vs] scaron u0073030C
(N/A) \[vZ] Zcaron u005A030C
(N/A) \[vz] zcaron u007A030C
,C \[,C] Ccedilla u00430327
,c \[,c] ccedilla u00630327
oA \[oA] Aring u0041030A
oa \[oa] aring u0061030A
Accents
The ccoommppoossiittee request is used to map most of the accents to non-spacing
glyph names; the values given in parentheses are the original (spacing)
ones.
Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
name name decomposed
" \[a"] hungarumlaut u030B (u02DD) (Hungarian)
\[a-] macron u0304 (u00AF)
(N/A) \[a.] dotaccent u0307 (u02D9)
^ \[a^] circumflex u0302 (u005E)
' \[aa] acute u0301 (u00B4) +
` \[ga] grave u0300 (u0060) +
'` \[ab] breve u0306 (u02D8)
, \[ac] cedilla u0327 (u00B8)
" \[ad] dieresis u0308 (u00A8) umlaut
v \[ah] caron u030C (u02C7) h'avcek
o \[ao] ring u030A (u02DA) circle
~ \[a~] tilde u0303 (u007E)
, \[ho] ogonek u0328 (u02DB) hook
^ \[ha] asciicircum u005E (spacing)
~ \[ti] asciitilde u007E (spacing)
Quotes
,, \[Bq] quotedblbase u201E low double comma quote
, \[bq] quotesinglbase u201A low single comma quote
" \[lq] quotedblleft u201C
" \[rq] quotedblright u201D
` \[oq] quoteleft u2018 single open quote
' \[cq] quoteright u2019 single closing quote
' \[aq] quotesingle u0027 apostrophe quote (ASCII
39)
" \[dq] quotedbl u0022 double quote (ASCII 34)
<< \[Fo] guillemotleft u00AB
>> \[Fc] guillemotright u00BB
< \[fo] guilsinglleft u2039
> \[fc] guilsinglright u203A
Punctuation
,i \[r!] exclamdown u00A1
'c \[r?] questiondown u00BF
- \[em] emdash u2014 +
- \[en] endash u2013
- \[hy] hyphen u2010 +
Brackets
The extensible bracket pieces are font-invariant glyphs. In classical
troff only one glyph was available to vertically extend brackets,
braces, and parentheses: `bv'. We map it rather arbitrarily to u23AA.
Note that not all devices contain extensible bracket pieces which can
be piled up with `\b' due to the restrictions of the escape's piling
algorithm. A general solution to build brackets out of pieces is the
following macro:
.\" Make a pile centered vertically 0.5em
.\" above the baseline.
.\" The first argument is placed at the top.
.\" The pile is returned in string `pile'
.eo
.de pile-make
. nr pile-wd 0
. nr pile-ht 0
. ds pile-args
.
. nr pile-# \n[.$]
. while \n[pile-#] \{\
. nr pile-wd (\n[pile-wd] >? \w'\$[\n[pile-#]]')
. nr pile-ht +(\n[rst] - \n[rsb])
. as pile-args \v'\n[rsb]u'\"
. as pile-args \Z'\$[\n[pile-#]]'\"
. as pile-args \v'-\n[rst]u'\"
. nr pile-# -1
. \}
.
. ds pile \v'(-0.5m + (\n[pile-ht]u / 2u))'\"
. as pile \*[pile-args]\"
. as pile \v'((\n[pile-ht]u / 2u) + 0.5m)'\"
. as pile \h'\n[pile-wd]u'\"
..
.ec
Another complication is the fact that some glyphs which represent
bracket pieces in original troff can be used for other mathematical
symbols also, for example `lf' and `rf' which provide the `floor' oper-
ator. Other devices (most notably for DVI output) don't unify such
glyphs. For this reason, the four glyphs `lf', `rf', `lc', and `rc'
are not unified with similarly looking bracket pieces. In ggrrooffff, only
glyphs with long names are guaranteed to pile up correctly for all
devices (provided those glyphs exist).
Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
name name decomposed
[ \[lB] bracketleft u005B
] \[rB] bracketright u005D
{ \[lC] braceleft u007B
} \[rC] braceright u007D
< \[la] angleleft u27E8 left angle
bracket
> \[ra] angleright u27E9 right angle
bracket
| \[bv] braceex u23AA vertical exten-
sion *** +
(N/A) \[braceex] braceex u23AA
(N/A) \[bracketlefttp] bracketlefttp u23A1
(N/A) \[bracketleftbt] bracketleftbt u23A3
(N/A) \[bracketleftex] bracketleftex u23A2
(N/A) \[bracketrighttp] bracketrighttp u23A4
(N/A) \[bracketrightbt] bracketrightbt u23A6
(N/A) \[bracketrightex] bracketrightex u23A5
,- \[lt] bracelefttp u23A7 +
(N/A) \[bracelefttp] bracelefttp u23A7
{ \[lk] braceleftmid u23A8 +
(N/A) \[braceleftmid] braceleftmid u23A8
`- \[lb] braceleftbt u23A9 +
(N/A) \[braceleftbt] braceleftbt u23A9
(N/A) \[braceleftex] braceleftex u23AA
-. \[rt] bracerighttp u23AB +
(N/A) \[bracerighttp] bracerighttp u23AB
} \[rk] bracerightmid u23AC +
(N/A) \[bracerightmid] bracerightmid u23AC
-' \[rb] bracerightbt u23AD +
(N/A) \[bracerightbt] bracerightbt u23AD
(N/A) \[bracerightex] bracerightex u23AA
(N/A) \[parenlefttp] parenlefttp u239B
(N/A) \[parenleftbt] parenleftbt u239D
(N/A) \[parenleftex] parenleftex u239C
(N/A) \[parenrighttp] parenrighttp u239E
(N/A) \[parenrightbt] parenrightbt u23A0
(N/A) \[parenrightex] parenrightex u239F
Arrows
<- \[<-] arrowleft u2190 +
-> \[->] arrowright u2192 +
<-> \[<>] arrowboth u2194 (horizontal)
|v \[da] arrowdown u2193 +
|^ \[ua] arrowup u2191 +
(N/A) \[va] arrowupdn u2195
<= \[lA] arrowdblleft u21D0
=> \[rA] arrowdblright u21D2
<=> \[hA] arrowdblboth u21D4 (horizontal)
=v \[dA] arrowdbldown u21D3
=^ \[uA] arrowdblup u21D1
(N/A) \[vA] uni21D5 u21D5 vertical double-
headed double
arrow
- \[an] arrowhorizex u23AF horizontal arrow
extension
Lines
The font-invariant glyphs `br', `ul', and `rn' form corners; they can
be used to build boxes. Note that both the PostScript and the Unicode-
derived names of these three glyphs are just rough approximations.
`rn' also serves in classical troff as the horizontal extension of the
square root sign.
`ru' is a font-invariant glyph, namely a rule of length 0.5m.
Output Input PostScript Unicode Notes
name name decomposed
| \[ba] bar u007C
| \[br] SF110000 u2502 box rule +
\[ul] underscore u005F +
use `\[radicalex]' for
\[rn] overline u203E continuation of square
root +
\[ru] -- -- baseline rule +
| \[bb] brokenbar u00A6
/ \[sl] slash u002F +
\ \[rs] backslash u005C reverse solidus
Text markers
O \[ci] circle u25CB +
+o \[bu] bullet u2022 +
|= \[dd] daggerdbl u2021 double dagger sign +
|- \[dg] dagger u2020 +
<> \[lz] lozenge u25CA
[] \[sq] uni25A1 u25A1 white square +
9| \[ps] paragraph u00B6
S \[sc] section u00A7 +
<= \[lh] uni261C u261C hand pointing left +
=> \[rh] a14 u261E hand pointing right +
@ \[at] at u0040
# \[sh] numbersign u0023
| \[CR] carriagereturn u21B5
(N/A) \[OK] a19 u2713 check mark, tick
Legalize
(C) \[co] copyright u00A9 +
(R) \[rg] registered u00AE +
tm \[tm] trademark u2122
(N/A) \[bs] -- -- AT&T Bell Labs logo
(not used in groff) +
Currency symbols
$ \[Do] dollar u0024
/c \[ct] cent u00A2 +
EUR \[eu] -- u20AC official Euro symbol
EUR \[Eu] Euro u20AC font-specific Euro
glyph variant
=Y \[Ye] yen u00A5
-L \[Po] sterling u00A3 British currency sign
ox \[Cs] currency u00A4 Scandinavian currency
sign
,f \[Fn] florin u0192 Dutch currency sign
Units
o \[de] degree u00B0 +
%o \[%0] perthousand u2030 per thousand, per
mille sign
' \[fm] minute u2032 footmark, prime +
'' \[sd] second u2033
,u \[mc] mu u00B5 micro sign
a \[Of] ordfeminine u00AA
o \[Om] ordmasculine u00BA
Logical Symbols
^ \[AN] logicaland u2227
v \[OR] logicalor u2228
~ \[no] logicalnot u00AC +
~ \[tno] logicalnot u00AC text variant of `no'
3 \[te] existential u2203 there exists, existen-
tial quantifier
-V \[fa] universal u2200 for all, universal
quantifier
-) \[st] suchthat u220B
.:. \[3d] therefore u2234
.:. \[tf] therefore u2234
| \[or] bar u007C bitwise OR operator
(as used in C) +
Mathematical Symbols
1/2 \[12] onehalf u00BD +
1/4 \[14] onequarter u00BC +
3/4 \[34] threequarters u00BE +
1/8 \[18] oneeighth u215B
3/8 \[38] threeeighths u215C
5/8 \[58] fiveeighths u215D
7/8 \[78] seveneighths u215E
1 \[S1] onesuperior u00B9
2 \[S2] twosuperior u00B2
3 \[S3] threesuperior u00B3
+ \[pl] plus u002B plus sign in special
font +
- \[mi] minus u2212 minus sign in special
font +
-+ \[-+] uni2213 u2213
+- \[+-] plusminus u00B1 +
+- \[t+-] plusminus u00B1 text variant of `+-'
. \[pc] periodcentered u00B7
. \[md] dotmath u22C5 multiplication dot
x \[mu] multiply u00D7 +
x \[tmu] multiply u00D7 text variant of `mu'
Ox \[c*] circlemultiply u2297 multiply sign in a
circle
O+ \[c+] circleplus u2295 plus sign in a circle
-:- \[di] divide u00F7 division sign +
-:- \[tdi] divide u00F7 text variant of `di'
/ \[f/] fraction u2044 bar for fractions
* \[**] asteriskmath u2217 +
<= \[<=] lessequal u2264 +
>= \[>=] greaterequal u2265 +
<< \[<<] uni226A u226A much less
>> \[>>] uni226B u226B much greater
= \[eq] equal u003D equals sign in special
font +
!= \[!=] notequal u003D0338 +
== \[==] equivalence u2261 +
!== \[ne] uni2262 u22610338
=~ \[=~] congruent u2245 approx. equal
-~ \[|=] uni2243 u2243 asymptot. equal to +
~ \[ap] similar u223C +
~~ \[~~] approxequal u2248 almost equal to
~= \[~=] approxequal u2248
oc \[pt] proportional u221D +
{} \[es] emptyset u2205 +
E \[mo] element u2208 +
/E \[nm] notelement u22080338
(= \[sb] propersubset u2282 +
(N/A) \[nb] notsubset u22820338
=) \[sp] propersuperset u2283 +
(N/A) \[nc] uni2285 u22830338 not superset
(= \[ib] reflexsubset u2286 +
=) \[ip] reflexsuperset u2287 +
(^) \[ca] intersection u2229 intersection, cap +
U \[cu] union u222A union, cup +
/ \[/] angle u2220
| \[pp] perpendicular u22A5
',I \[is] integral u222B +
(N/A) \[integral] integral u222B ***
(N/A) \[sum] summation u2211 ***
(N/A) \[product] product u220F ***
(N/A) \[coproduct] uni2210 u2210 ***
+
V \[gr] gradient u2207
\/ \[sr] radical u221A square root +
(N/A) \[sqrt] radical u221A ***
(N/A) \[radicalex] radicalex -- continuation of square
root
(N/A) \[sqrtex] radicalex -- ***
|~ \[lc] uni2308 u2308 left ceiling +
~| \[rc] uni2309 u2309 right ceiling +
| \[lf] uni230A u230A left floor +
| \[rf] uni230B u230B right floor +
oo \[if] infinity u221E +
N \[Ah] aleph u2135
I \[Im] Ifraktur u2111 Gothic I, imaginary
R \[Re] Rfraktur u211C Gothic R, real
p \[wp] weierstrass u2118 Weierstrass p
a \[pd] partialdiff u2202 partial differentia-
tion sign +
(N/A) \[-h] uni210F u210F Planck constant over
two pi
(N/A) \[hbar] uni210F u210F
Greek characters
These glyphs are intended for technical use, not for real Greek; nor-
mally, the uppercase letters have upright shape, and the lowercase ones
are slanted. There is a problem with the mapping of letter phi to Uni-
code. Prior to Unicode version 3.0, the difference between U+03C6,
GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI, and U+03D5, GREEK PHI SYMBOL, was not clearly
described; only the glyph shapes in the Unicode book could be used as a
reference. Starting with Unicode 3.0, the reference glyphs have been
exchanged and described verbally also: In mathematical context, U+03D5
is the stroked variant and U+03C5 the curly glyph. Unfortunately, most
font vendors didn't update their fonts to this (incompatible) change in
Unicode. At the time of this writing (February 2003), it is not clear
yet whether the Adobe Glyph Names `phi' and `phi1' also change its
meaning if used for mathematics, thus compatibility problems are likely
to happen - being conservative, groff currently assumes that `phi' in a
PostScript symbol font is the stroked version.
In groff, symbol `\[*f]' always denotes the stroked version of phi, and
`\[+f]' the curly variant.
A \[*A] Alpha u0391 +
B \[*B] Beta u0392 +
+
| \[*G] Gamma u0393
/\ \[*D] Delta u0394 +
E \[*E] Epsilon u0395 +
Z \[*Z] Zeta u0396 +
H \[*Y] Eta u0397 +
-O \[*H] Theta u0398 +
I \[*I] Iota u0399 +
K \[*K] Kappa u039A +
/\ \[*L] Lambda u039B +
M \[*M] Mu u039C +
N \[*N] Nu u039D +
H \[*C] Xi u039E +
O \[*O] Omicron u039F +
TT \[*P] Pi u03A0 +
P \[*R] Rho u03A1 +
+
> \[*S] Sigma u03A3
T \[*T] Tau u03A4 +
Y \[*U] Upsilon u03A5 +
IO \[*F] Phi u03A6 +
X \[*X] Chi u03A7 +
IY \[*Q] Psi u03A8 +
O \[*W] Omega u03A9 +
a \[*a] alpha u03B1 +
B \[*b] beta u03B2 +
y \[*g] gamma u03B3 +
d \[*d] delta u03B4 +
e \[*e] epsilon u03B5 +
,C \[*z] zeta u03B6 +
n \[*y] eta u03B7 +
-0 \[*h] theta u03B8 +
i \[*i] iota u03B9 +
k \[*k] kappa u03BA +
>\ \[*l] lambda u03BB +
,u \[*m] mu u03BC +
v \[*n] nu u03BD +
,E \[*c] xi u03BE +
o \[*o] omicron u03BF +
-n \[*p] pi u03C0 +
p \[*r] rho u03C1 +
s \[ts] sigma1 u03C2 terminal sigma +
-o \[*s] sigma u03C3 +
~t \[*t] tau u03C4 +
u \[*u] upsilon u03C5 +
|o \[*f] phi u03D5 (stroked glyph)+
x \[*x] chi u03C7 +
|u \[*q] psi u03C8 +
w \[*w] omega u03C9 +
-0 \[+h] theta1 u03D1 variant theta
|o \[+f] phi1 u03C6 variant phi (curly
shape)
-w \[+p] omega1 u03D6 variant pi, looking
like omega
e \[+e] uni03F5 u03F5 variant epsilon
Card symbols
(N/A) \[CL] club u2663 black club suit
(N/A) \[SP] spade u2660 black spade suit
(N/A) \[HE] heart u2665 black heart suit
(N/A) \[u2662] uni2662 u2662 white heart suit
(N/A) \[DI] diamond u2666 black diamond suit
(N/A) \[u2661] uni2661 u2661 white diamond suit
AUTHOR Copyright (C) 1989-2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.
This document is distributed under the terms of the FDL (GNU Free Docu-
mentation License) version 1.1 or later. You should have received a
copy of the FDL on your system, it is also available on-line at the GGNNUU
ccooppyylleefftt ssiittee .
This document is part of groff, the GNU roff distribution. It was
written by
JJaammeess CCllaarrkk with additions by
WWeerrnneerr LLeemmbbeerrgg and
BBeerrnndd WWaarrkkeenn .
SEE ALSO
ggrrooffff(1)
the GNU roff formatter.
ggrrooffff(7)
a short reference of the groff formatting language.
An extension to the troff character set for Europe, E.G. Keizer, K.J.
Simonsen, J. Akkerhuis; EUUG Newsletter, Volume 9, No. 2, Summer 1989
The Unicode Standard ht:/w.ncd.r>
Groff Version 1.19.1 27 December 2003 GROFFCHAR(7)