FTP(1) BSD General Commands Manual FTP(1)
NAME
ffttpp - Internet file transfer program
SYNOPSIS
[-4466AAaaddeeffggiinnppRRttvvVV] [-NN netrc] [-oo output] [-PP port] [-rr retry] [-TT
dir,max[,inc]] [[user@]host [port]] [user@]host:[path][/] [file:///path]
[ftp://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path[/]]
[http://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path] [...]
-uu url file [...]
DESCRIPTION
ffttpp is the user interface to the Internet standard File Transfer Proto-
col. The program allows a user to transfer files to and from a remote
network site.
The last five arguments will fetch a file using the FTP or HTTP proto-
cols, or by direct copying, into the current directory. This is ideal
for scripts. Refer to AUTO-FETCHING FILES below for more information.
Options may be specified at the command line, or to the command inter-
preter.
-44 Forces ffttpp to only use IPv4 addresses.
-66 Forces ffttpp to only use IPv6 addresses.
-AA Force active mode ftp. By default, ffttpp will try to use passive
mode ftp and fall back to active mode if passive is not sup-
ported by the server. This option causes ffttpp to always use an
active connection. It is only useful for connecting to very old
servers that do not implement passive mode properly.
-aa Causes ffttpp to bypass normal login procedure, and use an anony-
mous login instead.
-dd Enables debugging.
-ee Disables command line editing. This is useful for Emacs ange-
ftp mode.
-ff Forces a cache reload for transfers that go through the FTP or
HTTP proxies.
-gg Disables file name globbing.
-ii Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file transfers.
-nn Restrains ffttpp from attempting ``auto-login'' upon initial con-
nection. If auto-login is enabled, ffttpp will check the .netrc
(see below) file in the user's home directory for an entry
describing an account on the remote machine. If no entry
exists, ffttpp will prompt for the remote machine login name
(default is the user identity on the local machine), and, if
necessary, prompt for a password and an account with which to
login.
-NN netrc
Use netrc instead of ~/.netrc. Refer to THE .netrc FILE for
more information.
-oo output
When auto-fetching files, save the contents in output. output
is parsed according to the FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS below. If
output is not `-' or doesn't start with `|', then only the first
file specified will be retrieved into output; all other files
will be retrieved into the basename of their remote name.
-pp Enable passive mode operation for use behind connection filter-
ing firewalls. This option has been deprecated as ffttpp now tries
to use passive mode by default, falling back to active mode if
the server does not support passive connections.
-PP port Sets the port number to port.
-rr wait Retry the connection attempt if it failed, pausing for wait sec-
onds.
-RR Restart all non-proxied auto-fetches.
-tt Enables packet tracing.
-TT direction,maximum[,increment]
Set the maximum transfer rate for direction to maximum
bytes/second, and if specified, the increment to increment
bytes/second. Refer to rraattee for more information.
-uu url file [...]
Upload files on the command line to url where url is one of the
ftp URL types as supported by auto-fetch (with an optional tar-
get filename for single file uploads), and file is one or more
local files to be uploaded.
-vv Enable vveerrbboossee and pprrooggrreessss. This is the default if output is
to a terminal (and in the case of pprrooggrreessss, ffttpp is the fore-
ground process). Forces ffttpp to show all responses from the
remote server, as well as report on data transfer statistics.
-VV Disable vveerrbboossee and pprrooggrreessss, overriding the default of enabled
when output is to a terminal.
The client host with which ffttpp is to communicate may be specified on the
command line. If this is done, ffttpp will immediately attempt to establish
a connection to an FTP server on that host; otherwise, ffttpp will enter its
command interpreter and await instructions from the user. When ffttpp is
awaiting commands from the user the prompt `ftp>' is provided to the
user. The following commands are recognized by ffttpp:
!! [command [args]]
Invoke an interactive shell on the local machine. If there
are arguments, the first is taken to be a command to execute
directly, with the rest of the arguments as its arguments.
$$ macro-name [args]
Execute the macro macro-name that was defined with the mmaaccddeeff
command. Arguments are passed to the macro unglobbed.
aaccccoouunntt [passwd]
Supply a supplemental password required by a remote system
for access to resources once a login has been successfully
completed. If no argument is included, the user will be
prompted for an account password in a non-echoing input mode.
aappppeenndd local-file [remote-file]
Append a local file to a file on the remote machine. If
remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name is used
in naming the remote file after being altered by any nnttrraannss
or nnmmaapp setting. File transfer uses the current settings for
ttyyppee, ffoorrmmaatt, mmooddee, and ssttrruuccttuurree.
aasscciiii Set the file transfer ttyyppee to network ASCII. This is the
default type.
bbeellll Arrange that a bell be sounded after each file transfer com-
mand is completed.
bbiinnaarryy Set the file transfer ttyyppee to support binary image transfer.
bbyyee Terminate the FTP session with the remote server and exit
ffttpp. An end of file will also terminate the session and
exit.
ccaassee Toggle remote computer file name case mapping during ggeett,
mmggeett and mmppuutt commands. When ccaassee is on (default is off),
remote computer file names with all letters in upper case are
written in the local directory with the letters mapped to
lower case.
ccdd remote-directory
Change the working directory on the remote machine to
remote-directory.
ccdduupp Change the remote machine working directory to the parent of
the current remote machine working directory.
cchhmmoodd mode remote-file
Change the permission modes of the file remote-file on the
remote system to mode.
cclloossee Terminate the FTP session with the remote server, and return
to the command interpreter. Any defined macros are erased.
ccrr Toggle carriage return stripping during ascii type file
retrieval. Records are denoted by a carriage return/linefeed
sequence during ascii type file transfer. When ccrr is on (the
default), carriage returns are stripped from this sequence to
conform with the UNIX single linefeed record delimiter.
Records on non-UNIX remote systems may contain single line-
feeds; when an ascii type transfer is made, these linefeeds
may be distinguished from a record delimiter only when ccrr is
off.
ddeebbuugg [debug-value]
Toggle debugging mode. If an optional debug-value is speci-
fied it is used to set the debugging level. When debugging
is on, ffttpp prints each command sent to the remote machine,
preceded by the string `->'
ddeelleettee remote-file
Delete the file remote-file on the remote machine.
ddiirr [remote-path [local-file]]
Print a listing of the contents of a directory on the remote
machine. The listing includes any system-dependent informa-
tion that the server chooses to include; for example, most
UNIX systems will produce output from the command `ls -l'.
If remote-path is left unspecified, the current working
directory is used. If interactive prompting is on, ffttpp will
prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed
the target local file for receiving ddiirr output. If no local
file is specified, or if local-file is `-', the output is
sent to the terminal.
ddiissccoonnnneecctt A synonym for cclloossee.
eeddiitt Toggle command line editing, and context sensitive command
and file completion. This is automatically enabled if input
is from a terminal, and disabled otherwise.
eeppssvv44 Toggle the use of the extended EPSV and EPRT commands on IPv4
connections; first try EPSV / EPRT, and then PASV / PORT.
This is enabled by default. If an extended command fails
then this option will be temporarily disabled for the dura-
tion of the current connection, or until eeppssvv44 is executed
again.
eexxiitt A synonym for bbyyee.
ffeeaattuurreess Display what features the remote server supports (using the
FEAT command).
ffggeett localfile
Retrieve the files listed in localfile, which has one line
per filename.
ffoorrmm format
Set the file transfer ffoorrmm to format. The default (and only
supported) format is ``non-print''.
ffttpp host [port]
A synonym for ooppeenn.
ggaattee [host [port]]
Toggle gate-ftp mode, which used to connect through the TIS
FWTK and Gauntlet ftp proxies. This will not be permitted if
the gate-ftp server hasn't been set (either explicitly by the
user, or from the FTPSERVER environment variable). If host
is given, then gate-ftp mode will be enabled, and the gate-
ftp server will be set to host. If port is also given, that
will be used as the port to connect to on the gate-ftp
server.
ggeett remote-file [local-file]
Retrieve the remote-file and store it on the local machine.
If the local file name is not specified, it is given the same
name it has on the remote machine, subject to alteration by
the current ccaassee, nnttrraannss, and nnmmaapp settings. The current
settings for ttyyppee, ffoorrmm, mmooddee, and ssttrruuccttuurree are used while
transferring the file.
gglloobb Toggle filename expansion for mmddeelleettee, mmggeett, mmppuutt, and
mmrreeggeett. If globbing is turned off with gglloobb, the file name
arguments are taken literally and not expanded. Globbing for
mmppuutt is done as in csh(1). For mmddeelleettee, mmggeett, and mmrreeggeett,
each remote file name is expanded separately on the remote
machine and the lists are not merged. Expansion of a direc-
tory name is likely to be different from expansion of the
name of an ordinary file: the exact result depends on the
foreign operating system and ftp server, and can be previewed
by doing `mls remote-files -' Note: mmggeett, mmppuutt and mmrreeggeett are
not meant to transfer entire directory subtrees of files.
That can be done by transferring a tar(1) archive of the sub-
tree (in binary mode).
hhaasshh [size]
Toggle hash-sign (``#'') printing for each data block trans-
ferred. The size of a data block defaults to 1024 bytes.
This can be changed by specifying size in bytes. Enabling
hhaasshh disables pprrooggrreessss.
hheellpp [command]
Print an informative message about the meaning of command.
If no argument is given, ffttpp prints a list of the known com-
mands.
iiddllee [seconds]
Set the inactivity timer on the remote server to seconds sec-
onds. If seconds is omitted, the current inactivity timer is
printed.
iimmaaggee A synonym for bbiinnaarryy.
llccdd [directory]
Change the working directory on the local machine. If no
directory is specified, the user's home directory is used.
lleessss file A synonym for ppaaggee.
llppaaggee local-file
Display local-file with the program specified by the sseett
ppaaggeerr option.
llppwwdd Print the working directory on the local machine.
llss [remote-path [local-file]]
A synonym for ddiirr.
mmaaccddeeff macro-name
Define a macro. Subsequent lines are stored as the macro
macro-name; a null line (consecutive newline characters in a
file or carriage returns from the terminal) terminates macro
input mode. There is a limit of 16 macros and 4096 total
characters in all defined macros. Macros remain defined
until a cclloossee command is executed. The macro processor
interprets `$' and `\' as special characters. A `$' followed
by a number (or numbers) is replaced by the corresponding
argument on the macro invocation command line. A `$' fol-
lowed by an `i' signals that macro processor that the execut-
ing macro is to be looped. On the first pass `$i' is
replaced by the first argument on the macro invocation com-
mand line, on the second pass it is replaced by the second
argument, and so on. A `\' followed by any character is
replaced by that character. Use the `\' to prevent special
treatment of the `$'.
mmddeelleettee [remote-files]
Delete the remote-files on the remote machine.
mmddiirr remote-files local-file
Like ddiirr, except multiple remote files may be specified. If
interactive prompting is on, ffttpp will prompt the user to ver-
ify that the last argument is indeed the target local file
for receiving mmddiirr output.
mmggeett remote-files
Expand the remote-files on the remote machine and do a ggeett
for each file name thus produced. See gglloobb for details on
the filename expansion. Resulting file names will then be
processed according to ccaassee, nnttrraannss, and nnmmaapp settings.
Files are transferred into the local working directory, which
can be changed with `lcd directory'; new local directories
can be created with `! mkdir directory'.
mmkkddiirr directory-name
Make a directory on the remote machine.
mmllss remote-files local-file
Like llss, except multiple remote files may be specified, and
the local-file must be specified. If interactive prompting
is on, ffttpp will prompt the user to verify that the last argu-
ment is indeed the target local file for receiving mmllss out-
put.
mmllssdd [remote-path]
Display the contents of remote-path (which should default to
the current directory if not given) in a machine-parsable
form, using MLSD. The format of display can be changed with
`remopts mlst ...'.
mmllsstt [remote-path]
Display the details about remote-path (which should default
to the current directory if not given) in a machine-parsable
form, using MLST. The format of display can be changed with
`remopts mlst ...'.
mmooddee mode-name
Set the file transfer mmooddee to mode-name. The default (and
only supported) mode is ``stream''.
mmooddttiimmee remote-file
Show the last modification time of the file on the remote
machine.
mmoorree file A synonym for ppaaggee.
mmppuutt local-files
Expand wild cards in the list of local files given as argu-
ments and do a ppuutt for each file in the resulting list. See
gglloobb for details of filename expansion. Resulting file names
will then be processed according to nnttrraannss and nnmmaapp settings.
mmrreeggeett remote-files
As per mmggeett, but performs a rreeggeett instead of ggeett.
mmsseenndd local-files
A synonym for mmppuutt.
nneewweerr remote-file [local-file]
Get the file only if the modification time of the remote file
is more recent that the file on the current system. If the
file does not exist on the current system, the remote file is
considered nneewweerr. Otherwise, this command is identical to
get.
nnlliisstt [remote-path [local-file]]
A synonym for llss.
nnmmaapp [inpattern outpattern]
Set or unset the filename mapping mechanism. If no arguments
are specified, the filename mapping mechanism is unset. If
arguments are specified, remote filenames are mapped during
mmppuutt commands and ppuutt commands issued without a specified
remote target filename. If arguments are specified, local
filenames are mapped during mmggeett commands and ggeett commands
issued without a specified local target filename. This com-
mand is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote computer
with different file naming conventions or practices. The
mapping follows the pattern set by inpattern and outpattern.
[Inpattern] is a template for incoming filenames (which may
have already been processed according to the nnttrraannss and ccaassee
settings). Variable templating is accomplished by including
the sequences `$1', `$2', ..., `$9' in inpattern. Use `\' to
prevent this special treatment of the `$' character. All
other characters are treated literally, and are used to
determine the nnmmaapp [inpattern] variable values. For example,
given inpattern $1.$2 and the remote file name "mydata.data",
$1 would have the value "mydata", and $2 would have the value
"data". The outpattern determines the resulting mapped file-
name. The sequences `$1', `$2', ...., `$9' are replaced by
any value resulting from the inpattern template. The
sequence `$0' is replace by the original filename. Addition-
ally, the sequence `[seq1, seq2]' is replaced by [seq1] if
seq1 is not a null string; otherwise it is replaced by seq2.
For example, the command
nmap $1.$2.$3 [$1,$2].[$2,file]
would yield the output filename "myfile.data" for input file-
names "myfile.data" and "myfile.data.old", "myfile.file" for
the input filename "myfile", and "myfile.myfile" for the
input filename ".myfile". Spaces may be included in
outpattern, as in the example: `nmap $1 sed "s/ *$//" > $1'
. Use the `\' character to prevent special treatment of the
`$','[',']', and `,' characters.
nnttrraannss [inchars [outchars]]
Set or unset the filename character translation mechanism.
If no arguments are specified, the filename character trans-
lation mechanism is unset. If arguments are specified, char-
acters in remote filenames are translated during mmppuutt com-
mands and ppuutt commands issued without a specified remote tar-
get filename. If arguments are specified, characters in
local filenames are translated during mmggeett commands and ggeett
commands issued without a specified local target filename.
This command is useful when connecting to a non-UNIX remote
computer with different file naming conventions or practices.
Characters in a filename matching a character in inchars are
replaced with the corresponding character in outchars. If
the character's position in inchars is longer than the length
of outchars, the character is deleted from the file name.
ooppeenn host [port]
Establish a connection to the specified host FTP server. An
optional port number may be supplied, in which case, ffttpp will
attempt to contact an FTP server at that port. If the
aauuttoo-llooggiinn option is on (default), ffttpp will also attempt to
automatically log the user in to the FTP server (see below).
ppaaggee file Retrieve ffiillee and display with the program specified by the
sseett ppaaggeerr option.
ppaassssiivvee [aauuttoo]
Toggle passive mode (if no arguments are given). If aauuttoo is
given, act as if FTPMODE is set to `auto'. If passive mode
is turned on (default), ffttpp will send a PASV command for all
data connections instead of a PORT command. The PASV command
requests that the remote server open a port for the data con-
nection and return the address of that port. The remote
server listens on that port and the client connects to it.
When using the more traditional PORT command, the client lis-
tens on a port and sends that address to the remote server,
who connects back to it. Passive mode is useful when using
ffttpp through a gateway router or host that controls the direc-
tionality of traffic. (Note that though FTP servers are
required to support the PASV command by RFC 1123, some do
not.)
ppddiirr [remote-path]
Perform ddiirr [remote-path], and display the result with the
program specified by the sseett ppaaggeerr option.
ppllss [remote-path]
Perform llss [remote-path], and display the result with the
program specified by the sseett ppaaggeerr option.
ppmmllssdd [remote-path]
Perform mmllssdd [remote-path], and display the result with the
program specified by the sseett ppaaggeerr option.
pprreesseerrvvee Toggle preservation of modification times on retrieved files.
pprrooggrreessss Toggle display of transfer progress bar. The progress bar
will be disabled for a transfer that has local-file as `-' or
a command that starts with `|'. Refer to FILE NAMING
CONVENTIONS for more information. Enabling pprrooggrreessss disables
hhaasshh.
pprroommpptt Toggle interactive prompting. Interactive prompting occurs
during multiple file transfers to allow the user to selec-
tively retrieve or store files. If prompting is turned off
(default is on), any mmggeett or mmppuutt will transfer all files,
and any mmddeelleettee will delete all files.
When prompting is on, the following commands are available at
a prompt:
aa Answer `yes' to the current file, and automatically
answer `yes' to any remaining files for the current
command.
nn Answer `no', and do not transfer the file.
pp Answer `yes' to the current file, and turn off
prompt mode (as is ``prompt off'' had been given).
qq Terminate the current operation.
yy Answer `yes', and transfer the file.
? Display a help message.
Any other reponse will answer `yes' to the current file.
pprrooxxyy ftp-command
Execute an ftp command on a secondary control connection.
This command allows simultaneous connection to two remote FTP
servers for transferring files between the two servers. The
first pprrooxxyy command should be an ooppeenn, to establish the sec-
ondary control connection. Enter the command "proxy ?" to
see other FTP commands executable on the secondary connec-
tion. The following commands behave differently when pref-
aced by pprrooxxyy: ooppeenn will not define new macros during the
auto-login process, cclloossee will not erase existing macro defi-
nitions, ggeett and mmggeett transfer files from the host on the
primary control connection to the host on the secondary con-
trol connection, and ppuutt, mmppuutt, and aappppeenndd transfer files
from the host on the secondary control connection to the host
on the primary control connection. Third party file trans-
fers depend upon support of the FTP protocol PASV command by
the server on the secondary control connection.
ppuutt local-file [remote-file]
Store a local file on the remote machine. If remote-file is
left unspecified, the local file name is used after process-
ing according to any nnttrraannss or nnmmaapp settings in naming the
remote file. File transfer uses the current settings for
ttyyppee, ffoorrmmaatt, mmooddee, and ssttrruuccttuurree.
ppwwdd Print the name of the current working directory on the remote
machine.
qquuiitt A synonym for bbyyee.
qquuoottee arg1 arg2 ...
The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP
server.
rraattee direction [maximum [increment]]
Throttle the maximum transfer rate to maximum bytes/second.
If maximum is 0, disable the throttle.
direction may be one of:
aallll Both directions.
ggeett Incoming transfers.
ppuutt Outgoing transfers.
maximum can by modified on the fly by increment bytes
(default: 1024) each time a given signal is received:
SIGUSR1 Increment maximum by increment bytes.
SIGUSR2 Decrement maximum by increment bytes. The
result must be a positive number.
If maximum is not supplied, the current throttle rates are
displayed.
Note: rraattee is not yet implemented for ascii mode transfers.
rrccvvbbuuff size
Set the size of the socket receive buffer to size.
rreeccvv remote-file [local-file]
A synonym for ggeett.
rreeggeett remote-file [local-file]
rreeggeett acts like ggeett, except that if local-file exists and is
smaller than remote-file, local-file is presumed to be a par-
tially transferred copy of remote-file and the transfer is
continued from the apparent point of failure. This command
is useful when transferring very large files over networks
that are prone to dropping connections.
rreemmooppttss command [command-options]
Set options on the remote FTP server for command to
command-options (whose absence is handled on a command-spe-
cific basis). Remote FTP commands known to support options
include: `MLST' (used for MLSD and MLST).
rreennaammee [from [to]]
Rename the file from on the remote machine, to the file to.
rreesseett Clear reply queue. This command re-synchronizes com-
mand/reply sequencing with the remote FTP server. Resynchro-
nization may be necessary following a violation of the FTP
protocol by the remote server.
rreessttaarrtt marker
Restart the immediately following ggeett or ppuutt at the indicated
marker. On UNIX systems, marker is usually a byte offset
into the file.
rrhheellpp [command-name]
Request help from the remote FTP server. If a command-name
is specified it is supplied to the server as well.
rrmmddiirr directory-name
Delete a directory on the remote machine.
rrssttaattuuss [remote-file]
With no arguments, show status of remote machine. If
remote-file is specified, show status of remote-file on
remote machine.
rruunniiqquuee Toggle storing of files on the local system with unique file-
names. If a file already exists with a name equal to the
target local filename for a ggeett or mmggeett command, a ".1" is
appended to the name. If the resulting name matches another
existing file, a ".2" is appended to the original name. If
this process continues up to ".99", an error message is
printed, and the transfer does not take place. The generated
unique filename will be reported. Note that rruunniiqquuee will not
affect local files generated from a shell command (see
below). The default value is off.
sseenndd local-file [remote-file]
A synonym for ppuutt.
sseennddppoorrtt Toggle the use of PORT commands. By default, ffttpp will
attempt to use a PORT command when establishing a connection
for each data transfer. The use of PORT commands can prevent
delays when performing multiple file transfers. If the PORT
command fails, ffttpp will use the default data port. When the
use of PORT commands is disabled, no attempt will be made to
use PORT commands for each data transfer. This is useful for
certain FTP implementations which do ignore PORT commands
but, incorrectly, indicate they've been accepted.
sseett [option value]
Set option to value. If option and value are not given, dis-
play all of the options and their values. The currently sup-
ported options are:
anonpass Defaults to $FTPANONPASS
ftpproxy Defaults to $ftpproxy.
httpproxy Defaults to $httpproxy.
noproxy Defaults to $noproxy.
pager Defaults to $PAGER.
prompt Defaults to $FTPPROMPT.
rprompt Defaults to $FTPRPROMPT.
ssiittee arg1 arg2 ...
The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP
server as a SITE command.
ssiizzee remote-file
Return size of remote-file on remote machine.
ssnnddbbuuff size
Set the size of the socket send buffer to size.
ssttaattuuss Show the current status of ffttpp.
ssttrruucctt struct-name
Set the file transfer structure to struct-name. The default
(and only supported) structure is ``file''.
ssuunniiqquuee Toggle storing of files on remote machine under unique file
names. The remote FTP server must support FTP protocol STOU
command for successful completion. The remote server will
report unique name. Default value is off.
ssyysstteemm Show the type of operating system running on the remote
machine.
tteenneexx Set the file transfer type to that needed to talk to TENEX
machines.
tthhrroottttllee A synonym for rraattee.
ttrraaccee Toggle packet tracing.
ttyyppee [type-name]
Set the file transfer ttyyppee to type-name. If no type is spec-
ified, the current type is printed. The default type is net-
work ASCII.
uummaasskk [newmask]
Set the default umask on the remote server to newmask. If
newmask is omitted, the current umask is printed.
uunnsseett option
Unset option. Refer to sseett for more information.
uussaaggee command
Print the usage message for command.
uusseerr user-name [password [account]]
Identify yourself to the remote FTP server. If the password
is not specified and the server requires it, ffttpp will prompt
the user for it (after disabling local echo). If an account
field is not specified, and the FTP server requires it, the
user will be prompted for it. If an account field is speci-
fied, an account command will be relayed to the remote server
after the login sequence is completed if the remote server
did not require it for logging in. Unless ffttpp is invoked
with ``auto-login'' disabled, this process is done automati-
cally on initial connection to the FTP server.
vveerrbboossee Toggle verbose mode. In verbose mode, all responses from the
FTP server are displayed to the user. In addition, if ver-
bose is on, when a file transfer completes, statistics
regarding the efficiency of the transfer are reported. By
default, verbose is on.
xxffeerrbbuuff size
Set the size of the socket send and receive buffers to size.
? [command]
A synonym for hheellpp.
Command arguments which have embedded spaces may be quoted with quote `"'
marks.
Commands which toggle settings can take an explicit oonn or ooffff argument to
force the setting appropriately.
Commands which take a byte count as an argument (e.g., hhaasshh, rraattee, and
xxffeerrbbuuff) support an optional suffix on the argument which changes the
interpretation of the argument. Supported suffixes are:
b Causes no modification. (Optional)
k Kilo; multiply the argument by 1024
m Mega; multiply the argument by 1048576
g Giga; multiply the argument by 1073741824
If ffttpp receives a SIGINFO (see the ``status'' argument of stty(1)) or
SIGQUIT signal whilst a transfer is in progress, the current transfer
rate statistics will be written to the standard error output, in the same
format as the standard completion message.
AUTOFETCHING FILES
In addition to standard commands, this version of ffttpp supports an auto-
fetch feature. To enable auto-fetch, simply pass the list of host-
names/files on the command line.
The following formats are valid syntax for an auto-fetch element:
[user@]host:[path][/]
``Classic'' FTP format.
If path contains a glob character and globbing is enabled, (see
gglloobb), then the equivalent of `mget path' is performed.
If the directory component of path contains no globbing characters,
it is stored locally with the name basename (see basename(1)) of
ppaatthh, in the current directory. Otherwise, the full remote name is
used as the local name, relative to the local root directory.
ftp://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path[/][;type=X]
An FTP URL, retrieved using the FTP protocol if sseett ffttpppprrooxxyy isn't
defined. Otherwise, transfer the URL using HTTP via the proxy
defined in sseett ffttpppprrooxxyy. If sseett ffttpppprrooxxyy isn't defined and user
is given, login as user. In this case, use password if supplied,
otherwise prompt the user for one.
In order to be compliant with RRFFCC 11773388, ffttpp strips the leading `/'
from path, resulting in a transfer relative from the default login
directory of the user. If the / directory is required, use a lead-
ing path of ``%2F''. If a user's home directory is required (and
the remote server supports the syntax), use a leading path of
``%7Euser/''. For example, to retrieve /etc/motd from `localhost'
as the user `myname' with the password `mypass', use
``ftp://myname:mypass@localhost/%2fetc/motd''
If a suffix of `;type=A' or `;type=I' is supplied, then the trans-
fer type will take place as ascii or binary (respectively). The
default transfer type is binary.
http://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path
An HTTP URL, retrieved using the HTTP protocol. If sseett hhttttpppprrooxxyy
is defined, it is used as a URL to an HTTP proxy server. If HTTP
authorisation is required to retrieve path, and `user' (and option-
ally `password') is in the URL, use them for the first attempt to
authenticate.
file:///path
A local URL, copied from /path.
Unless noted otherwise above, and -oo output is not given, the file is
stored in the current directory as the basename(1) of path.
If a classic format or an FTP URL format has a trailing `/' or an empty
path component, then ffttpp will connect to the site and ccdd to the directory
given as the path, and leave the user in interactive mode ready for fur-
ther input. This will not work if sseett ffttpppprrooxxyy is being used.
Direct HTTP transfers use HTTP 1.1. Proxied FTP and HTTP transfers use
HTTP 1.0.
If -RR is given, all auto-fetches that don't go via the FTP or HTTP prox-
ies will be restarted. For FTP, this is implemented by using rreeggeett
instead of ggeett. For HTTP, this is implemented by using the `Range:
bytes=' HTTP/1.1 directive.
If WWW or proxy WWW authentication is required, you will be prompted to
enter a username and password to authenticate with.
When specifying IPv6 numeric addresses in a URL, you need to surround the
address in square brackets. E.g.: ``ftp://[::1]:21/''. This is because
colons are used in IPv6 numeric address as well as being the separator
for the port number.
AABBOORRTTIINNGG AA FFIILLEE TTRRAANNSSFFEERR
To abort a file transfer, use the terminal interrupt key (usually Ctrl-
C). Sending transfers will be immediately halted. Receiving transfers
will be halted by sending an FTP protocol ABOR command to the remote
server, and discarding any further data received. The speed at which
this is accomplished depends upon the remote server's support for ABOR
processing. If the remote server does not support the ABOR command, the
prompt will not appear until the remote server has completed sending the
requested file.
If the terminal interrupt key sequence is used whilst ffttpp is awaiting a
reply from the remote server for the ABOR processing, then the connection
will be closed. This is different from the traditional behaviour (which
ignores the terminal interrupt during this phase), but is considered more
useful.
FFIILLEE NNAAMMIINNGG CCOONNVVEENNTTIIOONNSS
Files specified as arguments to ffttpp commands are processed according to
the following rules.
1. If the file name `-' is specified, the stdin (for reading) or stdout
(for writing) is used.
2. If the first character of the file name is `|', the remainder of the
argument is interpreted as a shell command. ffttpp then forks a shell,
using popen(3) with the argument supplied, and reads (writes) from
the stdout (stdin). If the shell command includes spaces, the argu-
ment must be quoted; e.g. ``"| ls -lt"''. A particularly useful
example of this mechanism is: ``dir "" |more''.
3. Failing the above checks, if ``globbing'' is enabled, local file
names are expanded according to the rules used in the csh(1); c.f.
the gglloobb command. If the ffttpp command expects a single local file
(e.g. ppuutt), only the first filename generated by the "globbing"
operation is used.
4. For mmggeett commands and ggeett commands with unspecified local file
names, the local filename is the remote filename, which may be
altered by a ccaassee, nnttrraannss, or nnmmaapp setting. The resulting filename
may then be altered if rruunniiqquuee is on.
5. For mmppuutt commands and ppuutt commands with unspecified remote file
names, the remote filename is the local filename, which may be
altered by a nnttrraannss or nnmmaapp setting. The resulting filename may
then be altered by the remote server if ssuunniiqquuee is on.
FFIILLEE TTRRAANNSSFFEERR PPAARRAAMMEETTEERRSS
The FTP specification specifies many parameters which may affect a file
transfer. The ttyyppee may be one of ``ascii'', ``image'' (binary),
``ebcdic'', and ``local byte size'' (for PDP-10's and PDP-20's mostly).
ffttpp supports the ascii and image types of file transfer, plus local byte
size 8 for tteenneexx mode transfers.
ffttpp supports only the default values for the remaining file transfer
parameters: mmooddee, ffoorrmm, and ssttrruucctt.
TTHHEE ..nneettrrcc FFIILLEE
The .netrc file contains login and initialization information used by the
auto-login process. It resides in the user's home directory, unless
overridden with the -NN netrc option, or specified in the NETRC environ-
ment variable. The following tokens are recognized; they may be sepa-
rated by spaces, tabs, or new-lines:
mmaacchhiinnee name
Identify a remote machine name. The auto-login process
searches the .netrc file for a mmaacchhiinnee token that matches the
remote machine specified on the ffttpp command line or as an ooppeenn
command argument. Once a match is made, the subsequent .netrc
tokens are processed, stopping when the end of file is reached
or another mmaacchhiinnee or a ddeeffaauulltt token is encountered.
ddeeffaauulltt This is the same as mmaacchhiinnee name except that ddeeffaauulltt matches
any name. There can be only one ddeeffaauulltt token, and it must be
after all mmaacchhiinnee tokens. This is normally used as:
default login anonymous password user@site
thereby giving the user an automatic anonymous FTP login to
machines not specified in .netrc. This can be overridden by
using the -nn flag to disable auto-login.
llooggiinn name
Identify a user on the remote machine. If this token is
present, the auto-login process will initiate a login using the
specified name.
ppaasssswwoorrdd string
Supply a password. If this token is present, the auto-login
process will supply the specified string if the remote server
requires a password as part of the login process. Note that if
this token is present in the .netrc file for any user other
than anonymous, ffttpp will abort the auto-login process if the
.netrc is readable by anyone besides the user.
aaccccoouunntt string
Supply an additional account password. If this token is
present, the auto-login process will supply the specified
string if the remote server requires an additional account
password, or the auto-login process will initiate an ACCT com-
mand if it does not.
mmaaccddeeff name
Define a macro. This token functions like the ffttpp mmaaccddeeff com-
mand functions. A macro is defined with the specified name;
its contents begin with the next .netrc line and continue until
a blank line (consecutive new-line characters) is encountered.
If a macro named iinniitt is defined, it is automatically executed
as the last step in the auto-login process.
CCOOMMMMAANNDD LLIINNEE EEDDIITTIINNGG
ffttpp supports interactive command line editing, via the editline(3)
library. It is enabled with the eeddiitt command, and is enabled by default
if input is from a tty. Previous lines can be recalled and edited with
the arrow keys, and other GNU Emacs-style editing keys may be used as
well.
The editline(3) library is configured with a .editrc file - refer to
editrc(5) for more information.
An extra key binding is available to ffttpp to provide context sensitive
command and filename completion (including remote file completion). To
use this, bind a key to the editline(3) command ffttpp-ccoommpplleettee. By
default, this is bound to the TAB key.
CCOOMMMMAANNDD LLIINNEE PPRROOMMPPTT
By default, ffttpp displays a command line prompt of ``ftp> '' to the user.
This can be changed with the sseett pprroommpptt command.
A prompt can be displayed on the right side of the screen (after the com-
mand input) with the sseett rrpprroommpptt command.
The following formatting sequences are replaced by the given information:
%/ The current remote working directory.
%c[[0]n], %.[[0]n]
The trailing component of the current remote working direc-
tory, or n trailing components if a digit n is given. If n
begins with `0', the number of skipped components precede the
trailing component(s) in the format ``/trailing''
(for `%c') or ``...trailing'' (for `%.').
%M The remote host name.
%m The remote host name, up to the first `.'.
%n The remote user name.
%% A single `%'.
ENVIRONMENT ffttpp uses the following environment variables.
FTPANONPASS Password to send in an anonymous FTP transfer. Defaults
to ```whoami`@''.
FTPMODE Overrides the default operation mode. Support values are:
active active mode FTP only
auto automatic determination of passive or active
(this is the default)
gate gate-ftp mode
passive passive mode FTP only
FTPPROMPT Command-line prompt to use. Defaults to ``ftp> ''. Refer
to COMMAND LINE PROMPT for more information.
FTPRPROMPT Command-line right side prompt to use. Defaults to ``''.
Refer to COMMAND LINE PROMPT for more information.
FTPSERVER Host to use as gate-ftp server when ggaattee is enabled.
FTPSERVERPORT Port to use when connecting to gate-ftp server when ggaattee
is enabled. Default is port returned by a ggeettsseerrvvbbyynnaammee()
lookup of ``ftpgate/tcp''.
HOME For default location of a .netrc file, if one exists.
NETRC An alternate location of the .netrc file.
PAGER Used by various commands to display files. Defaults to
more(1) if empty or not set.
SHELL For default shell.
ftpproxy URL of FTP proxy to use when making FTP URL requests (if
not defined, use the standard FTP protocol).
NOTE: this is not used for interactive sessions, only for
command-line fetches.
httpproxy URL of HTTP proxy to use when making HTTP URL requests.
If proxy authentication is required and there is a user-
name and password in this URL, they will automatically be
used in the first attempt to authenticate to the proxy.
Note that the use of a username and password in ftpproxy
and httpproxy may be incompatible with other programs
that use it (such as lynx(1)).
NOTE: this is not used for interactive sessions, only for
command-line fetches.
noproxy A space or comma separated list of hosts (or domains) for
which proxying is not to be used. Each entry may have an
optional trailing ":port", which restricts the matching to
connections to that port.
SEE ALSO
getservbyname(3), editrc(5), services(5), ftpd(8)
STANDARDS ffttpp attempts to be compliant with RRFFCC 995599, RRFFCC 11112233, RRFFCC 11773388, RRFFCC 22006688,
RRFFCC 22338899, RRFFCC 22442288, RRFFCC 22773322, and ddrraafftt-iieettff-ffttppeexxtt-mmllsstt-1111.
HISTORY The ffttpp command appeared in 4.2BSD.
Various features such as command line editing, context sensitive command
and file completion, dynamic progress bar, automatic fetching of files
and URLs, modification time preservation, transfer rate throttling, con-
figurable command line prompt, and other enhancements over the standard
BSD ffttpp were implemented in NetBSD 1.3 and later releases by Luke Mewburn
.
IPv6 support was added by the WIDE/KAME project (but may not be present
in all non-NetBSD versions of this program, depending if the operating
system supports IPv6 in a similar manner to KAME).
BUGS
Correct execution of many commands depends upon proper behavior by the
remote server.
An error in the treatment of carriage returns in the 4.2BSD ascii-mode
transfer code has been corrected. This correction may result in incor-
rect transfers of binary files to and from 4.2BSD servers using the ascii
type. Avoid this problem by using the binary image type.
ffttpp assumes that all IPv4 mapped addresses (IPv6 addresses with a form
like ::ffff:10.1.1.1) indicate IPv4 destinations which can be handled by
AFINET sockets. However, in certain IPv6 network configurations, this
assumption is not true. In such an environment, IPv4 mapped addresses
must be passed to AFINET6 sockets directly. For example, if your site
uses a SIIT translator for IPv6-to-IPv4 translation, ffttpp is unable to
support your configuration.
BSD May 18, 2002 BSD