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File::Copy(3pm) Perl Programmers Reference Guide File::Copy(3pm)

NAME

File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles

SYNOPSIS

use File::Copy;

copy("file1","file2") or die "Copy failed: $!";

copy("Copy.pm",\*STDOUT); move("/dev1/fileA","/dev2/fileB");

use File::Copy "cp";

$n = FileHandle->new("/a/file","r");

cp($n,"x");

DESCRIPTION

The File::Copy module provides two basic functions, "copy" and "move",

which are useful for getting the contents of a file from one place to another. +o The "copy" function takes two parameters: a file to copy from and a

file to copy to. Either argument may be a string, a FileHandle ref-

erence or a FileHandle glob. Obviously, if the first argument is a filehandle of some sort, it will be read from, and if it is a file name it will be opened for reading. Likewise, the second argument will be written to (and created if need be). Trying to copy a file on top of itself is a fatal error. NNoottee tthhaatt ppaassssiinngg iinn ffiilleess aass hhaannddlleess iinnsstteeaadd ooff nnaammeess mmaayy lleeaadd ttoo lloossss ooff iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn oonn ssoommee ooppeerraattiinngg ssyysstteemmss;; iitt iiss rreeccoommmmeennddeedd tthhaatt yyoouu uussee ffiillee nnaammeess wwhheenneevveerr ppoossssiibbllee.. Files are opened in binary mode where applicable. To get a consistent behaviour when

copying from a filehandle to a file, use "binmode" on the filehan-

dle. An optional third parameter can be used to specify the buffer size used for copying. This is the number of bytes from the first file, that wil be held in memory at any given time, before being written to the second file. The default buffer size depends upon the file,

but will generally be the whole file (up to 2Mb), or 1k for file-

handles that do not reference files (eg. sockets).

You may use the syntax "use File::Copy "cp"" to get at the "cp"

alias for this function. The syntax is exactly the same. +o The "move" function also takes two parameters: the current name and the intended name of the file to be moved. If the destination

already exists and is a directory, and the source is not a direc-

tory, then the source file will be renamed into the directory spec-

ified by the destination. If possible, move() will simply rename the file. Otherwise, it copies the file to the new location and deletes the original. If

an error occurs during this copy-and-delete process, you may be

left with a (possibly partial) copy of the file under the destina-

tion name. You may use the "mv" alias for this function in the same way that you may use the "cp" alias for "copy".

File::Copy also provides the "syscopy" routine, which copies the file

specified in the first parameter to the file specified in the second

parameter, preserving OS-specific attributes and file structure. For

Unix systems, this is equivalent to the simple "copy" routine, which

doesn't preserve OS-specific attributes. For VMS systems, this calls

the "rmscopy" routine (see below). For OS/2 systems, this calls the

"syscopy" XSUB directly. For Win32 systems, this calls "Win32::Copy-

File". On Mac OS (Classic), "syscopy" calls "Mac::MoreFiles::FSpFileCopy", if available. SSppeecciiaall bbeehhaavviioouurr iiff ""ssyyssccooppyy"" iiss ddeeffiinneedd ((OOSS//22,, VVMMSS aanndd WWiinn3322))

If both arguments to "copy" are not file handles, then "copy" will per-

form a "system copy" of the input file to a new output file, in order to preserve file attributes, indexed file structure, etc. The buffer size parameter is ignored. If either argument to "copy" is a handle to an opened file, then data is copied using Perl operators, and no effort is made to preserve file attributes or record structure. The system copy routine may also be called directly under VMS and OS/2

as "File::Copy::syscopy" (or under VMS as "File::Copy::rmscopy", which

is the routine that does the actual work for syscopy).

rmscopy($from,$to[,$dateflag])

The first and second arguments may be strings, typeglobs, typeglob references, or objects inheriting from IO::Handle; they are used in all cases to obtain the filespec of the input and output files, respectively. The name and type of the input file are used as defaults for the output file, if necessary. A new version of the output file is always created, which inherits the structure and RMS attributes of the input file, except for owner and protections (and possibly timestamps; see below). All data from the input file is copied to the output file; if either of

the first two parameters to "rmscopy" is a file handle, its posi-

tion is unchanged. (Note that this means a file handle pointing to the output file will be associated with an old version of that file after "rmscopy" returns, not the newly created version.) The third parameter is an integer flag, which tells "rmscopy" how

to handle timestamps. If it is < 0, none of the input file's time-

stamps are propagated to the output file. If it is > 0, then it is

interpreted as a bitmask: if bit 0 (the LSB) is set, then time-

stamps other than the revision date are propagated; if bit 1 is set, the revision date is propagated. If the third parameter to "rmscopy" is 0, then it behaves much like the DCL COPY command: if the name or type of the output file was explicitly specified, then no timestamps are propagated, but if they were taken implicitly

from the input filespec, then all timestamps other than the revi-

sion date are propagated. If this parameter is not supplied, it defaults to 0. Like "copy", "rmscopy" returns 1 on success. If an error occurs,

it sets $!, deletes the output file, and returns 0.

RREETTUURRNN

All functions return 1 on success, 0 on failure. $! will be set if an

error was encountered. NNOOTTEESS +o On Mac OS (Classic), the path separator is ':', not '/', and the current directory is denoted as ':', not '.'. You should be careful about specifying relative pathnames. While a full path always begins with a volume name, a relative pathname should always begin with a ':'. If specifying a volume name only, a trailing ':' is required. E.g.

copy("file1", "tmp"); # creates the file 'tmp' in the current directory

copy("file1", ":tmp:"); # creates :tmp:file1

copy("file1", ":tmp"); # same as above

copy("file1", "tmp"); # same as above, if 'tmp' is a directory (but don't do

# that, since it may cause confusion, see example #1)

copy("file1", "tmp:file1"); # error, since 'tmp:' is not a volume

copy("file1", ":tmp:file1"); # ok, partial path

copy("file1", "DataHD:"); # creates DataHD:file1

move("MacintoshHD:fileA", "DataHD:fileB"); # moves (don't copies) files from one

# volume to another

AUTHOR

File::Copy was written by Aaron Sherman in 1995, and

updated by Charles Bailey in 1996.